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1920-1970 YILLARINDAKİ CAZ VE BLUES ŞARKILARINDAKİ YİYECEK VE İÇECEKLERİN GÜNEYLİ/ SOUL FOOD MUTFAĞI BAZINDA İNCELENMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 224 - 241, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.1219101

Abstract

ÖZET
Siyahi kökenli blues ve caz müzik eserlerinin içeriklerinde birçok toplumsal öge bulunmakla birlikte bir kısmı Güneyli mutfağı, soul food ve Amerikan mutfağına ait yiyecek ve içeceklere de rastlanılmaktadır. Afro-Amerikalılar açısından yeniliklerin görüldüğü 1920-1970 yıllarında Harlem Rönesansı ve soul food olmak üzere önemli iki yenilik ortaya çıkmıştır. Paralel dönemlerde ortaya çıkan bu iki alan arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması mutfak, sanat ve tarihin birbirlerini nasıl etkilediklerini görebilmek açısından önemlidir. Bu süreçte caz ve bluesun içindeki yiyecek/içeceklerin toplumları etkileyen olayların yansımasının bir örneği olması ve bu kapsamda daha önce yapılmış bir çalışmanın bulunmaması araştırmanın önemini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1920-1970 yılarında yayınlanmış olan caz ve blues şarkıcıları tarafından yaratılmış/yorumlanmış olan eserlerdeki yiyecek ve içeceklerin soul food mutfağını ne denli yansıttığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür taramasıyla Büyük Göç dönemi ile 1970 yılına kadar Afro-Amerikanları etkileyen bazı noktalar ve sanatçıların eserleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda eserlerdeki mutfak unsurları çoğunluğunun Amerika’daki temel yerleşkeleri Güney’e ait oldukları görülmüştür. Çeşit açısından Afrika kökenli yiyecek/içeceklere rastlanılmış, Soul food ögeleri göze çarpmıştır. Güney ve Afrika kökenli ürünlerin çeşit bakımından eserlerde yoğunlukla kullanılması Siyahilerin kökenlerindeki yiyecek/içecekleri unutmadıklarını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte dönemin popüler ürünleri eserlerde sıkça tekrar etmiştir. Duygular açısından ise Güney ve soul food’a karşı olumlu hisler göze çarpmıştır.

References

  • Angı, Ç. E. (2013). Müzik kavramı ve Türkiye’ de dinlenen bazı müzik türleri. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi. 2(10). 59-81
  • Baer, A.H., Jones, Y. (1992). African American in South:iIssues of race, Class and gender (First edition). Georgia: University of Georgia Press
  • Bloom, H. (2004). The Harlem Renaissance. (First edition). Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers
  • Boykin, L. S. (1975). Soul foods for some older Americans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 23(8), 380-382.
  • Ergur, A. (2018). Kültür. Gökalp, E. (Ed.). Sosyal Bilimlerde Temel Kavramlar, İçinde (3-16). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi
  • Göher, F. M. (2009). Müziğin toplumsal işlevi: müzik, siyaset, din ve ekonomi. Müzik Kültürü ve Eğitimi, 2, 301-313.
  • Huggins, N.I. (1976). Voice from the Harlem Renaissance. (First edition). New York; Oxford University Press
  • Jahoda, G. (2012). Critical reflections on some recent definitions of “culture”. culture & psychology, 18(3), 289-303. Lefler, L.J. (2013). Southern foodways and culture: local considerations and beyond (First edition). Knoxville, Tenn : Newfound Press
  • Mathieu, S. J. (2009). The African American Great Migration Reconsidered. OAH Magazine of History, 23(4), 19-23.
  • Miller, A. (2013). Soul Food: the suprising story of an American cuisine one plate at a time. (First edition). Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press
  • Nettles, K. D. (2007). “Saving” Soul Food. Gastronomica, 7(3), 106-113.
  • Pavão-Zuckerman, B., Oliver, S., Copperstone, C., Reeves, M., & Harte, M. (2020). African American Culinary History and the Genesis of American Cuisine: Foodways and Slavery at Montpelier. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 9(2), 114-147.
  • Roy, W. G., & Dowd, T. J. (2010). What is sociological about music?. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 183-203.
  • Sandeep, K., & Vinod, K. (2014). Perception of socio-culture impacts of tourism: A sociological review. International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 40-43.
  • Soygür, H. (1999). Sanat ve ‘’delilik’’. Klinik Psikiyatri 2(2), 124-133
  • Soysaldı, A. (2018). Kültür, sanat ve beşeriyet ilişkisi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, (22), 305-315.
  • Şimşek, A. (2018). İletişim Araştırmalarında Nicel Yöntemler. Sever, N.S., İspir, N.p. (Ed.). İletişim Araştırmaları, İçinde (88-120). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi
  • Tolnay, S. E. (2003). The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 209-232.
  • Trotter Jr, J. W. (2002). The great migration. OAH Magazine of History, 17(1), 31-33.
  • Whit, W. C. (1999). Soul food as cultural creation. Journal for the Study of Food and Society, 3(1), 37-47.
  • Winant, H. (2000). Race and race theory. Annual review of sociology, 26(1), 169-185.
  • Zeki, E. & Bilem, M. (1999). Harlem Renaissance. Vankulu Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, (3), 35-53.
  • İnternet Kaynakçaları
  • Miller, A. (25 Şubat 2019). Celebrating American ‘’Soul food,’’ edible Black history. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://amview.japan.usembassy.gov/en/celebrating-american-soul-food/ Ankara Üniversitesi, Sanat nedir?, Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2022,
  • https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/11885/mod_resource/content/1/8.%20Hafta%20Sanat%20Nedir.pdf
  • Britannica Encyclopedia. Art. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/art Cambridge Dictionary. Art. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022,
  • https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/art Colombia Mailman School of Publich Healty. Content Analysis, Erişim tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2022,
  • https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/content-analysis#:~:text=Content%20analysis%20is%20a%20research,words%2C%20themes%2C%20or%20concepts
  • Ferris State Univercity 2022a, Slavery in America. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/timeline/slavery.htm Ferris State University 2022b, What was Jim Crow. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/what.htm
  • Harvard Healty (1 Ekim 2018). Traditional Southern diet is bad news for people with heart disease. ,Erişim tarihi: 8 Mayıs 2022, https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/traditional-southern-diet-is-bad-news-for-people-with-heart-disease
  • National Archives 2022a, https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/13th-amendment 29 Nisan 2022 erişim tarihli
  • National Archives 2022b (28 Haziran 2021), The Great Migration (1910-1970). Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-
  • migration#:~:text=The%20driving%20force%20behind%20the,States%20in%20both%20World%20Wars National Gallery Art 2022, Harlem Renaissance. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022
  • https://www.nga.gov/learn/teachers/lessons-activities/uncovering-america/harlem-renaissance.html National Museum of African American History Culture 2022a, Historical foundations of race. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022 https://nmaahc.si.edu/learn/talking-about-race/topics/historical-foundations-race
  • National Museum of African American History Culture 2022b, A new African American identity: the Harlem Renaissance. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/new-african-american-identity-harlem-renaissance
  • Open University 2022, A short history of the blues. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022, https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/discovering-music-the-blues/content-section-5
  • Public Broadcasting Service 2022, Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2022, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/on-african-american-migrations/
  • Prence George’s Community Collage 2022, Blues history. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022 https://www.pgcc.edu/bluebird/blues-history/
  • Richmond University 2022, The beauty of music in African American culture. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022 https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/4855
  • Smithsonian American Art Museum 2022, The Great Migration, Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022 https://americanexperience.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Great-Migration.pdf
  • Türk Dil Kurumu 2022, Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • The University of Mississippi 2022, Jazz. Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2022 http://home.olemiss.edu/~rvernon/mus103/summary/jazz.html
  • United States House of Representatives 2022, World War 1 and Great Migration. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Temporary-Farewell/World-War-I-And-Great-Migration/
  • Addison, S., Bryan, K., Carter, T., Del Tufo, J.T., Diallo, A., Kinzet, A.(2013). African Americans and southern foods. Erişim tarihi: 23 Nisan 2022,
  • https://ursa.mercer.edu/bitstream/handle/10898/1521/Race%20Project.pdf;sequence=5 Weiler , E. (Fall 2017). The roots and impact of African American blues music. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022, https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=hi24

Reseach of Food and Drinks in Jazz and Blues Songs in 1920-1970 on the Basis of Southern/Soul Food Cuisine

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 224 - 241, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.1219101

Abstract

In the contents of blues and jazz music pieces which is belong to Black community mostly possible that seen many social elements. Some of food and beverage elements belong to Southern cuisine, soul food and American cuisine. In the years 1920-1970, when innovations were seen for African-Americans, two important innovations emerged, called the Harlem Renaissance and soul food. Understanding the relationship between these two areas that emerged in parallel periods is important in terms of seeing how cuisine, art and history affect each other. In this process, the fact that the food/drinks in jazz and blues pieces are an example of the reflection of the events that affect the societies and that there is no previous study in this context constitute the importance of the research. The aim of this study is to reveal how the food and drinks in the works created/interpreted by jazz and blues singers published in 1920-1970 reflect the soul food cuisine. Within the scope of this purpose, some points affecting African-Americans from the period of Great Migration until 1970 and the works of artists were examined via literature review, one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the research, it was seen that the majority of the culinary elements in the works belong to the South, their main campus in America. In terms of variety, African origin food/drinks were encountered, also Soul food items stood out. The intense use of Southern and African products in the works in terms of variety showed that Blacks did not forget the food/drinks of their origin. However, the popular products of the research period were frequently repeated

References

  • Angı, Ç. E. (2013). Müzik kavramı ve Türkiye’ de dinlenen bazı müzik türleri. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi. 2(10). 59-81
  • Baer, A.H., Jones, Y. (1992). African American in South:iIssues of race, Class and gender (First edition). Georgia: University of Georgia Press
  • Bloom, H. (2004). The Harlem Renaissance. (First edition). Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers
  • Boykin, L. S. (1975). Soul foods for some older Americans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 23(8), 380-382.
  • Ergur, A. (2018). Kültür. Gökalp, E. (Ed.). Sosyal Bilimlerde Temel Kavramlar, İçinde (3-16). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi
  • Göher, F. M. (2009). Müziğin toplumsal işlevi: müzik, siyaset, din ve ekonomi. Müzik Kültürü ve Eğitimi, 2, 301-313.
  • Huggins, N.I. (1976). Voice from the Harlem Renaissance. (First edition). New York; Oxford University Press
  • Jahoda, G. (2012). Critical reflections on some recent definitions of “culture”. culture & psychology, 18(3), 289-303. Lefler, L.J. (2013). Southern foodways and culture: local considerations and beyond (First edition). Knoxville, Tenn : Newfound Press
  • Mathieu, S. J. (2009). The African American Great Migration Reconsidered. OAH Magazine of History, 23(4), 19-23.
  • Miller, A. (2013). Soul Food: the suprising story of an American cuisine one plate at a time. (First edition). Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press
  • Nettles, K. D. (2007). “Saving” Soul Food. Gastronomica, 7(3), 106-113.
  • Pavão-Zuckerman, B., Oliver, S., Copperstone, C., Reeves, M., & Harte, M. (2020). African American Culinary History and the Genesis of American Cuisine: Foodways and Slavery at Montpelier. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 9(2), 114-147.
  • Roy, W. G., & Dowd, T. J. (2010). What is sociological about music?. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 183-203.
  • Sandeep, K., & Vinod, K. (2014). Perception of socio-culture impacts of tourism: A sociological review. International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 40-43.
  • Soygür, H. (1999). Sanat ve ‘’delilik’’. Klinik Psikiyatri 2(2), 124-133
  • Soysaldı, A. (2018). Kültür, sanat ve beşeriyet ilişkisi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, (22), 305-315.
  • Şimşek, A. (2018). İletişim Araştırmalarında Nicel Yöntemler. Sever, N.S., İspir, N.p. (Ed.). İletişim Araştırmaları, İçinde (88-120). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi
  • Tolnay, S. E. (2003). The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 209-232.
  • Trotter Jr, J. W. (2002). The great migration. OAH Magazine of History, 17(1), 31-33.
  • Whit, W. C. (1999). Soul food as cultural creation. Journal for the Study of Food and Society, 3(1), 37-47.
  • Winant, H. (2000). Race and race theory. Annual review of sociology, 26(1), 169-185.
  • Zeki, E. & Bilem, M. (1999). Harlem Renaissance. Vankulu Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, (3), 35-53.
  • İnternet Kaynakçaları
  • Miller, A. (25 Şubat 2019). Celebrating American ‘’Soul food,’’ edible Black history. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://amview.japan.usembassy.gov/en/celebrating-american-soul-food/ Ankara Üniversitesi, Sanat nedir?, Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2022,
  • https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/11885/mod_resource/content/1/8.%20Hafta%20Sanat%20Nedir.pdf
  • Britannica Encyclopedia. Art. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/art Cambridge Dictionary. Art. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022,
  • https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/art Colombia Mailman School of Publich Healty. Content Analysis, Erişim tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2022,
  • https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/content-analysis#:~:text=Content%20analysis%20is%20a%20research,words%2C%20themes%2C%20or%20concepts
  • Ferris State Univercity 2022a, Slavery in America. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/timeline/slavery.htm Ferris State University 2022b, What was Jim Crow. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/what.htm
  • Harvard Healty (1 Ekim 2018). Traditional Southern diet is bad news for people with heart disease. ,Erişim tarihi: 8 Mayıs 2022, https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/traditional-southern-diet-is-bad-news-for-people-with-heart-disease
  • National Archives 2022a, https://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/13th-amendment 29 Nisan 2022 erişim tarihli
  • National Archives 2022b (28 Haziran 2021), The Great Migration (1910-1970). Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-
  • migration#:~:text=The%20driving%20force%20behind%20the,States%20in%20both%20World%20Wars National Gallery Art 2022, Harlem Renaissance. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022
  • https://www.nga.gov/learn/teachers/lessons-activities/uncovering-america/harlem-renaissance.html National Museum of African American History Culture 2022a, Historical foundations of race. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022 https://nmaahc.si.edu/learn/talking-about-race/topics/historical-foundations-race
  • National Museum of African American History Culture 2022b, A new African American identity: the Harlem Renaissance. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/new-african-american-identity-harlem-renaissance
  • Open University 2022, A short history of the blues. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022, https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/discovering-music-the-blues/content-section-5
  • Public Broadcasting Service 2022, Erişim tarihi: 29 Nisan 2022, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/on-african-american-migrations/
  • Prence George’s Community Collage 2022, Blues history. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022 https://www.pgcc.edu/bluebird/blues-history/
  • Richmond University 2022, The beauty of music in African American culture. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022 https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/4855
  • Smithsonian American Art Museum 2022, The Great Migration, Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022 https://americanexperience.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Great-Migration.pdf
  • Türk Dil Kurumu 2022, Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2022, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • The University of Mississippi 2022, Jazz. Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2022 http://home.olemiss.edu/~rvernon/mus103/summary/jazz.html
  • United States House of Representatives 2022, World War 1 and Great Migration. Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022, https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Temporary-Farewell/World-War-I-And-Great-Migration/
  • Addison, S., Bryan, K., Carter, T., Del Tufo, J.T., Diallo, A., Kinzet, A.(2013). African Americans and southern foods. Erişim tarihi: 23 Nisan 2022,
  • https://ursa.mercer.edu/bitstream/handle/10898/1521/Race%20Project.pdf;sequence=5 Weiler , E. (Fall 2017). The roots and impact of African American blues music. Erişim tarihi: 21 Nisan 2022, https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=hi24
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Rabia Yıldırım 0000-0002-4073-1380

Melek Yaman 0000-0002-6281-0880

Early Pub Date October 30, 2023
Publication Date October 31, 2023
Submission Date December 14, 2022
Acceptance Date August 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, R., & Yaman, M. (2023). 1920-1970 YILLARINDAKİ CAZ VE BLUES ŞARKILARINDAKİ YİYECEK VE İÇECEKLERİN GÜNEYLİ/ SOUL FOOD MUTFAĞI BAZINDA İNCELENMESİ. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy And Travel Research, 7(2), 224-241. https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.1219101