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Sporcu ve Sedanter Ortopedik Engellilerde Depresyon Düzeyinin İncelenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 100 - 109, 16.12.2016

Abstract

Özet

Araştırmalar, aerobik egzersizin antideprasan ve anksiyolitik etkilerinin yanı sıra stresin zararlı sonuçlarına karşı korunmada da daha tutarlı ve olumlu yönde etkisi olduğunu; düzenli egzersiz ve hareketli bir yaşam tarzının depresyon seviyesini azalttığını bildirmiştir. Sunulan çalışmanın amacı; düzenli sportif aktivitenin engelli bireylerin depresyon düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Zung tarafından geliştirilen depresyon ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya farklı ortopedik engelli tanısı almış 172 sedanter (SD grubu) ile 274 lisanslı sporcu (SP grubu) olmak üzere toplam 446 fiziksel engelli birey gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Gönüllülerin 322’si kadın 124’ü erkektir. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak 2014-2015 aralık, ocak şubat ve mart aylarında 11 farklı merkezden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda engellilere uygulanan depresyon ölçeğinde sporcular ile sedanterlerin puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P=0,002). Sedanter grubun VKI değerleri anlamlı düzeyde yüksek çıkmıştır (P=0,0077). Pearson korelasyon analizi sonucunda cinsiyet ile depresif duygulanım düzeyi ve medeni durum değişkenleri arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05). Sonuç olarak engellilerde düzenli spor alışkanlığı ile depresyon ve anksiyetenin azalması arasında önemli bir bağlantı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bu nedensel ilişkiyi değerlendirecek daha geniş kapsamlı araştırmalara destek olacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Abstract

Researchs have shown that aerobic exercise has more consistent and positive effect about protecting againist harmful affects of stress as well as its antidepressant and anxiolytic affects; they also have reported that regular exercise and diet have decreased depression level. The aim of present study is put forward the effect of regular sport activites on depression levels of disabled individuals. In this research a Depression Scale developed by Zung (1965) administered to all participants as collecting data tool. 172 sedentaries (SD) from different orthopedic handicapped  situations, 274 licensed athletes (SP) and totally 446 physically disabled individuals participated in this study voluntariliy. 322 of these volunteers are famele and 124 of them are male. Datas were collected by using face to face meeting method between december 2014 and march 2015 from different cities. Results revealed a statistically difference between athletes and sedentary individuals in depression scale scores which administered to all participants (P=0,002). A statistically difference was observed on BMI values of sedentary group (P=0,0077). The result of Pearson correlation analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between gender with depressive affectivity and marital status variables (P<0,05). As a consequence; in present study it was observed that there is a relation between sporting habit with decreasing of depression and anxiety in disabled people and İt has been considered that this study will support more comprehensive researchs to evaluate that causative relation.

References

  • Akbaş, E., Vırıt, O., Kalenderoğlu, A., Savaş, A.H. ve Sertbaş G. (2008). Gebelikte Sosyodemografik Değişkenlerin Kaygı ve Depresyon Düzeyleriyle İlişkisi, Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Noropsikiatri Arsivi., Vol. 45 Issue 3, p85-91. 7p.
  • Arslantaş, H. ve Ergin, F. (2011). Loneliness, depression, social support and related factors in individuals between 50 and 65 years. Turk. J. Geriatr; 14:135–144.
  • Aylaz, R., Güllü, E. ve Güneş, G. (2011). Aerobik Yürüme Egzersizin Depresif Belirtilere Etkisi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi; 4 (4), 172-177.
  • Berman, R.M., Cappiello, A., Anand, A., Oren, D.A., Heninger, G.R., Charney, D.S., & Krystal, J.H. (2000). Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biological psychiatry, 47(4), 351-354.
  • Blumenthal, J.A., Babyak, M.A., Doraiswamy, P.M., Watkins, L., Hoffman, B.M., Barbour, K.A., Herman, S., Craighead, W.E., Brosse, A.L., Waugh, R., Hinderliter, A, ve Sherwood, A. (2007). Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, Psychosom Med.; 69(7): 587–596. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318148c19a
  • Canan, F. ve Ataoğlu, A. (2010). Anksiyete, depresyon ve problem çözme becerisi algısı üzerine düzenli sporun etkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 11.38: 38-43.
  • Carek, P.J., Laibstain, S.E. ve Carek, S.M. (2011). Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety . International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine , 41 , 15 – 28.
  • Conn, V.S. (2010). Depressive symptom outcomes of physical activity interventions: meta-analysis fi ndings , Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 39 , 128 – 138.
  • Danielsson, L., Papoulias, I., Petersson, E.L., Carlsson, J. ve Waern, M. (2014). Exercise or basic body awareness therapy as add-on treatment for major depression: A controlled study, Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 98–106.
  • DiLorenzo, T.M., Bargman, E.P., Stucky-Ropp, R., Brassington, G.S., Frensch, P.A., LaFontaine, T. (1999). Long-term effects of aerobic exercise on psychological outcomes, Prev Med. 28:75–85.
  • Dimeo, F., Baurer, M., Varahram, I., Proest, G. ve Halter, U. (2001). Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study, Br J Sports Med. 35:114–117.
  • Ergun, N. (2003). Bedensel Engelli Çocuk ve Spor. Çoluk Çocuk Dergisi. 5: 26: 50.
  • Genuchi, M.C. ve Mitsunaga, L.K. (2015). Sex Differences in Masculine Depression: Externalizing Symptoms as a Primary Feature of Depression in Men, Journal of Men’s Studies, Vol. 23(3) 243–251.
  • Georgian, B. ve Lorand, B. (2015). The reasonıng of practıcıng leısure sports actıvıtıes for the level of physıcal health ın the romanıan adult populatıon, Science, Movement and Health, Vol. XV, ISSUE 2 Supplement.
  • Golden, R.N., Gaynes, B.N., Ekstrom, R.D., Hamer, R.M., Jacobsen, F.M., Suppes, T., Wisner, K.L. ve Nemeroff, C.B. (2005). The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence.American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(4), 656-662.bir
  • Jeong, K.C., Koo, K.M., ve Kim, C.J. (2016). An Analysis on Relationships among Exercise Participation, Depression Experience, and Suicidal Ideation of People with Visual Impairment. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(25).
  • Kamelska, A.M. ve Mazurek, K. (2015). The Assessment of the Quality of Life in Visually Impaired People with Different Level of Physical Activity, Physical Culture & Sport. Studies & Research, DOI: 10.1515/pcssr-2015-0001.
  • Kim, Y., Cho, J., Fuller, D.K. ve Kang, M. (2015). Correlates of Physical Activity Among People With Disabilities in South Korea: A Multilevel Modeling Approach, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12, 1031 -1038.
  • Knepp, M.M., Yoza, J.J. ve Quandt, E.A. (2015). Higher modıfıed beck depressıon ınventory scores are assocıated wıth body, eatıng, and exercıse comparısons but decreased exercıse amounts, Perceptual & Motor Skills: Physical Development & Measurement, 120, 3, 945-959.
  • Krogh, J., Nordentoft, M., Sterne, J.A. ve Lawlor, D.A. (2011) The eff ect of exercise in clinically depressed adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72 , 529 - 538 .
  • Küçük, V. ve Koç, H. (2004). Psiko-Sosyal Gelişim Süreci İçerisinde İnsan ve Spor İlişkisi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 10, 131-141.
  • Liang, L., Zhou, D., Yuan, C., Shao, A. ve Bian, Y. (2016). Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents, Computers in Human Behavior 63, 463-470.
  • Mead, G.E., Morley, W., Campbell, P., Greig, C.A., McMurdo, M. ve Lawlor, D.A. (2008).Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., Oct 8;(4):CD004366. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub3.
  • Mosaku, K.S., Akinyoola, A.L., Fatoye, F.O. ve Adegbehingbe, O.O. (2009). Psychological reactions to amputation in a sample of Nigerian amputees” Gen Hosp Psychiatry., Jan-Feb;31(1):20-4. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.08.004. Epub Nov 18.
  • Mota-Pereira, J., Silverio, J., Carvalho, S., Ribeiro, J.S., Fonte, D. Ve Ramos, J. (2011). Moderate exercise improves depression parameters in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder, Journal of Psychiatric Research 45 1005-1011.
  • Muyan, M., Chang, E.C., Jilani, Z., Yu, T., Lin, J. ve Hirsch, J.K. (2016). Loneliness and Negative Affective Conditions in Adults: Is There Any Room for Hope in Predicting Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms? Journal of Psychology, Vol. 150 Issue 3, p333.
  • Nazroo, J.Y., Edwards, A. ve Brown, G. (1998). Gender differences in the prevalence of depression: artefact, alternative disorders, biology or roles? Sociology of Health and Illness, 20 (3) 312 - 330.
  • Rimmer, J.H., Chen, M.D., McCubbin, J.A., Drum, C. ve Peterson, J. (2010). Exercise intervention research on persons with disabilities: what we know and where we need to go. Am J Phys Med Rehabil.;89(3):249–263, doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c9fa9d. PubMed.
  • Rodríguez-Naranjo, C. Ve Caño A. (2016). Daily stress and coping styles in adolescent hopelessness depression: Moderating effects of gender, Personality and Individual Differences, 97 109–114.
  • Ryba, M.M. ve Hopko, D.R. (2012). Gender Differences in Depression: Assessing Mediational Effects of Overt Behaviors and Environmental Reward through Daily Diary Monitoring. Depression Research and Treatment. Volume 2012.
  • Salk, R.H., Petersen, J.L., Abramson, L.Y. ve Hyde, J.S. (2016). The contemporary face of gender differences and similarities in depression throughout adolescence: Development and chronicity, Journal of Affective Disorders 205, 28–35.
  • Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory, Clinical Psychology Review, Volume 21, Issue 1, February, Pages 33–61.
  • Schloesser, R.J., Jimenez, D.V., Orvoen,S., Hardy, N.F., Maynard, K.R., Sukumar, M., Gardier, A.M., David, D.J. ve Martinowich, K. (2015). Electroconvulsive treatment requires adult neurogenesis to rescue behavior in a mouse model of stress-induced depression. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 8(2), 385.
  • Stanton, R. ve Reaburn, P. (2014). Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17 177– 182.
  • Ströhle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of neural transmission, 116(6), 777-784.
  • Taycan, O., Kutlu, L., Çimen, S. ve Aydın, N. (2006). Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde depresyon ve tükenmişlik düzeyinin sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry; 7:100-108.
  • Zung, W.W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry; 12:63.
Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 100 - 109, 16.12.2016

Abstract

References

  • Akbaş, E., Vırıt, O., Kalenderoğlu, A., Savaş, A.H. ve Sertbaş G. (2008). Gebelikte Sosyodemografik Değişkenlerin Kaygı ve Depresyon Düzeyleriyle İlişkisi, Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Noropsikiatri Arsivi., Vol. 45 Issue 3, p85-91. 7p.
  • Arslantaş, H. ve Ergin, F. (2011). Loneliness, depression, social support and related factors in individuals between 50 and 65 years. Turk. J. Geriatr; 14:135–144.
  • Aylaz, R., Güllü, E. ve Güneş, G. (2011). Aerobik Yürüme Egzersizin Depresif Belirtilere Etkisi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi; 4 (4), 172-177.
  • Berman, R.M., Cappiello, A., Anand, A., Oren, D.A., Heninger, G.R., Charney, D.S., & Krystal, J.H. (2000). Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biological psychiatry, 47(4), 351-354.
  • Blumenthal, J.A., Babyak, M.A., Doraiswamy, P.M., Watkins, L., Hoffman, B.M., Barbour, K.A., Herman, S., Craighead, W.E., Brosse, A.L., Waugh, R., Hinderliter, A, ve Sherwood, A. (2007). Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, Psychosom Med.; 69(7): 587–596. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318148c19a
  • Canan, F. ve Ataoğlu, A. (2010). Anksiyete, depresyon ve problem çözme becerisi algısı üzerine düzenli sporun etkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 11.38: 38-43.
  • Carek, P.J., Laibstain, S.E. ve Carek, S.M. (2011). Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety . International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine , 41 , 15 – 28.
  • Conn, V.S. (2010). Depressive symptom outcomes of physical activity interventions: meta-analysis fi ndings , Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 39 , 128 – 138.
  • Danielsson, L., Papoulias, I., Petersson, E.L., Carlsson, J. ve Waern, M. (2014). Exercise or basic body awareness therapy as add-on treatment for major depression: A controlled study, Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 98–106.
  • DiLorenzo, T.M., Bargman, E.P., Stucky-Ropp, R., Brassington, G.S., Frensch, P.A., LaFontaine, T. (1999). Long-term effects of aerobic exercise on psychological outcomes, Prev Med. 28:75–85.
  • Dimeo, F., Baurer, M., Varahram, I., Proest, G. ve Halter, U. (2001). Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study, Br J Sports Med. 35:114–117.
  • Ergun, N. (2003). Bedensel Engelli Çocuk ve Spor. Çoluk Çocuk Dergisi. 5: 26: 50.
  • Genuchi, M.C. ve Mitsunaga, L.K. (2015). Sex Differences in Masculine Depression: Externalizing Symptoms as a Primary Feature of Depression in Men, Journal of Men’s Studies, Vol. 23(3) 243–251.
  • Georgian, B. ve Lorand, B. (2015). The reasonıng of practıcıng leısure sports actıvıtıes for the level of physıcal health ın the romanıan adult populatıon, Science, Movement and Health, Vol. XV, ISSUE 2 Supplement.
  • Golden, R.N., Gaynes, B.N., Ekstrom, R.D., Hamer, R.M., Jacobsen, F.M., Suppes, T., Wisner, K.L. ve Nemeroff, C.B. (2005). The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence.American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(4), 656-662.bir
  • Jeong, K.C., Koo, K.M., ve Kim, C.J. (2016). An Analysis on Relationships among Exercise Participation, Depression Experience, and Suicidal Ideation of People with Visual Impairment. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(25).
  • Kamelska, A.M. ve Mazurek, K. (2015). The Assessment of the Quality of Life in Visually Impaired People with Different Level of Physical Activity, Physical Culture & Sport. Studies & Research, DOI: 10.1515/pcssr-2015-0001.
  • Kim, Y., Cho, J., Fuller, D.K. ve Kang, M. (2015). Correlates of Physical Activity Among People With Disabilities in South Korea: A Multilevel Modeling Approach, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12, 1031 -1038.
  • Knepp, M.M., Yoza, J.J. ve Quandt, E.A. (2015). Higher modıfıed beck depressıon ınventory scores are assocıated wıth body, eatıng, and exercıse comparısons but decreased exercıse amounts, Perceptual & Motor Skills: Physical Development & Measurement, 120, 3, 945-959.
  • Krogh, J., Nordentoft, M., Sterne, J.A. ve Lawlor, D.A. (2011) The eff ect of exercise in clinically depressed adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72 , 529 - 538 .
  • Küçük, V. ve Koç, H. (2004). Psiko-Sosyal Gelişim Süreci İçerisinde İnsan ve Spor İlişkisi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 10, 131-141.
  • Liang, L., Zhou, D., Yuan, C., Shao, A. ve Bian, Y. (2016). Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents, Computers in Human Behavior 63, 463-470.
  • Mead, G.E., Morley, W., Campbell, P., Greig, C.A., McMurdo, M. ve Lawlor, D.A. (2008).Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., Oct 8;(4):CD004366. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub3.
  • Mosaku, K.S., Akinyoola, A.L., Fatoye, F.O. ve Adegbehingbe, O.O. (2009). Psychological reactions to amputation in a sample of Nigerian amputees” Gen Hosp Psychiatry., Jan-Feb;31(1):20-4. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.08.004. Epub Nov 18.
  • Mota-Pereira, J., Silverio, J., Carvalho, S., Ribeiro, J.S., Fonte, D. Ve Ramos, J. (2011). Moderate exercise improves depression parameters in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder, Journal of Psychiatric Research 45 1005-1011.
  • Muyan, M., Chang, E.C., Jilani, Z., Yu, T., Lin, J. ve Hirsch, J.K. (2016). Loneliness and Negative Affective Conditions in Adults: Is There Any Room for Hope in Predicting Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms? Journal of Psychology, Vol. 150 Issue 3, p333.
  • Nazroo, J.Y., Edwards, A. ve Brown, G. (1998). Gender differences in the prevalence of depression: artefact, alternative disorders, biology or roles? Sociology of Health and Illness, 20 (3) 312 - 330.
  • Rimmer, J.H., Chen, M.D., McCubbin, J.A., Drum, C. ve Peterson, J. (2010). Exercise intervention research on persons with disabilities: what we know and where we need to go. Am J Phys Med Rehabil.;89(3):249–263, doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c9fa9d. PubMed.
  • Rodríguez-Naranjo, C. Ve Caño A. (2016). Daily stress and coping styles in adolescent hopelessness depression: Moderating effects of gender, Personality and Individual Differences, 97 109–114.
  • Ryba, M.M. ve Hopko, D.R. (2012). Gender Differences in Depression: Assessing Mediational Effects of Overt Behaviors and Environmental Reward through Daily Diary Monitoring. Depression Research and Treatment. Volume 2012.
  • Salk, R.H., Petersen, J.L., Abramson, L.Y. ve Hyde, J.S. (2016). The contemporary face of gender differences and similarities in depression throughout adolescence: Development and chronicity, Journal of Affective Disorders 205, 28–35.
  • Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory, Clinical Psychology Review, Volume 21, Issue 1, February, Pages 33–61.
  • Schloesser, R.J., Jimenez, D.V., Orvoen,S., Hardy, N.F., Maynard, K.R., Sukumar, M., Gardier, A.M., David, D.J. ve Martinowich, K. (2015). Electroconvulsive treatment requires adult neurogenesis to rescue behavior in a mouse model of stress-induced depression. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 8(2), 385.
  • Stanton, R. ve Reaburn, P. (2014). Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17 177– 182.
  • Ströhle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of neural transmission, 116(6), 777-784.
  • Taycan, O., Kutlu, L., Çimen, S. ve Aydın, N. (2006). Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerde depresyon ve tükenmişlik düzeyinin sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry; 7:100-108.
  • Zung, W.W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry; 12:63.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Engellilerde Spor
Authors

Gizem Dik This is me

Kader Akay This is me

Yıldırım Kayacan

Yücel Makaracı

Publication Date December 16, 2016
Submission Date October 12, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dik, G., Akay, K., Kayacan, Y., Makaracı, Y. (2016). Sporcu ve Sedanter Ortopedik Engellilerde Depresyon Düzeyinin İncelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 100-109.

ISSN: 2536-5339

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

16157

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