Research Article

The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views

Volume: 19 Number: 37 December 15, 2025
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The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views

Abstract

Ismail Gasprinski’s political views developed within the Jadidism movement among Russian Muslims. In the 19th century, colonialism harmed Muslim economies, but it also led to the emergence of a new elite in social and political spheres. Gasprinski started Jadidism by establishing the first usul-i jadid school in Crimea in 1884. His goal was to modernize Muslims through education, women’s rights, and political reform. His experiences in Europe and Istanbul helped him blend Eastern and Western cultures, creating a reformist vision. Published in 1881, Muslims in Russia (Russkoe Musul’manstvo) formed the basis of Gasprinski’s political ideas. It criticized Russification policies and suggested reforms, including native-language education, equal citizenship, and press freedom. Yusuf Akçura called it a manifesto for Turkish nationalism. Gasprinski shared these concepts in the Tercüman newspaper, addressing social issues like women’s rights in utopian novels. After the 1905 Manifesto, as political freedoms grew, he tried to turn Tercüman into a political platform, opposing Abdurreşid İbrahimov’s calls for regional autonomy and supporting national-cultural autonomy instead. By 1908, Gasprinski fully took on a political role, pushing for Muslim rights despite his health issues. His liberal views faced backlash from a more radical younger generation. However, Tsarist restrictions in 1908, which banned Muslim publications and exiled individuals like Akçura and İbrahimov, confirmed his cautious approach. Tercüman and usul-i jadid solidified Gasprinski’s importance among Russian Muslims. His political views, which balanced modernization with cultural preservation, left a lasting impact, steering Jadidism toward enlightenment and political involvement.

Keywords

References

  1. ABDİRAŞİDOV, Zaynabidin, “Tatar Hayatından Bin İkinci Gece Yahut Kadı’nın İftirası”, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı:14, 2008, pp.190-202.
  2. ABDİRAŞİDOV, Zaynabidin, İsmail Gaspıralı ve XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Türkistan (Temaslar - İlişkiler - Tesir) (çev. Hatice Kerimov) Selenge Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul 2022.
  3. AKÇURA, Yusuf, “Türklerin Büyük Muallim ve Müverrihi İsmail Bey Gasprinski”, Türk Yurdu, C.2, Sayı:22, pp.690-694.
  4. ALLWORTH, Edward, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland, Duke University Press, Durham 1988.
  5. ANONIM, “Profesör Vambery ve Rusya Müslümanları”, Vakit, 119, 1907.
  6. BENNİNGSEN, Alexsander, Musulmane v SSSR, YMCA-Pres, Paris 1983.
  7. BİGİYEV, Musa Carullah, Halk Nazarına Bir Niçe Mesele, Kazan 1912.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Turkish Language and Literature (Other), Contemporary Asian History

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

December 8, 2025

Publication Date

December 15, 2025

Submission Date

July 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 19 Number: 37

APA
Abdirashidov, Z. (2025). The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 19(37), 387-411. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838141
AMA
1.Abdirashidov Z. The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2025;19(37):387-411. doi:10.19060/gav.1838141
Chicago
Abdirashidov, Zaynabidin. 2025. “The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19 (37): 387-411. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838141.
EndNote
Abdirashidov Z (December 1, 2025) The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19 37 387–411.
IEEE
[1]Z. Abdirashidov, “The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 19, no. 37, pp. 387–411, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.19060/gav.1838141.
ISNAD
Abdirashidov, Zaynabidin. “The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 19/37 (December 1, 2025): 387-411. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1838141.
JAMA
1.Abdirashidov Z. The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2025;19:387–411.
MLA
Abdirashidov, Zaynabidin. “The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, vol. 19, no. 37, Dec. 2025, pp. 387-11, doi:10.19060/gav.1838141.
Vancouver
1.Zaynabidin Abdirashidov. The Formation and Development of Ismail Gasprinski’s Political Views. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2025 Dec. 1;19(37):387-411. doi:10.19060/gav.1838141