The effect of different surface treatments on light transmittance of nano-hybrid and polymer-infiltrated ceramics

Year 2017, , 98 - 103, 12.02.2017

Işıl Çekiç Nagaş , Ferhan Eğilmez Gülfem Ergün , Pekka Vallittu Lippo Lassila

https://doi.org/10.17214/gaziaot.291767

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the light transmittance of three different esthetic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials (Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate).

Materials and Method: Thirty-five specimens from each of nano-hybrid and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network-structured CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart) were prepared (n=105). Then the specimens were divided into 5 sub-groups according to the applied surface treatment (n=7/group). Group 1: Sandpaper (#1000 and #4000 grit SiC paper) as control, Group 2: Aluminium oxide finishing and polishing disc (Sof-Lex Disk), Group 3: Diamond filled polishing paste (Diapolisher Paste), Group 4: Diamond polishing disc (Diacomp Plus Twist) and Group 5: Silicone rubber polisher (Polydentia). Following finishing and polishing procedures of the specimens, the light transmittance of the specimens under plasma arc light-curing unit was measured by using a hand-held radiometer. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results: Regarding the main effects, significant difference was observed between the light transmittance values of the CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials (p<0.05): Cerasmart (83.3%±3.7), Vita Enamic (80.5%±5.3), and Lava Ultimate (76.5%±4.9). Different surface finishing and polishing procedures had no significant effect on the light transmittance values (p=0.608). However, the material and procedure interaction revealed a significant effect on the light transmittance values (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Application of surface finishing and polishing procedures might affect the light transmission property of nano-hybrid and polymer infiltrated ceramic network structured CAD/CAM blocks.

Keywords

Ceramics, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, light

Farklı yüzey bitirme ve parlatma uygulamalarının nano-hibrit ve polimer infiltre seramiklerin ışık geçirgenliğine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı yüzey işlemlerinin üç farklı estetik bilgisayar yardımlı tasarım/bilgisayar yardımlı imalat (BYT/BYİ; CAD/CAM) materyalinin (Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate) ışık geçirgenliği üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Nano-hibrit ve polimer infiltre seramik ağ yapısına sahip CAD/CAM blokların (Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart) her birinden 35 örnek hazırlandı (n=105). Örnekler daha sonra uygulanan yüzey işlemine göre 5 alt gruba ayrıldı (n=7/grup). Grup 1: Kontrol grubu olarak silikon karbid zımpara (#1000 ve #4000 grit), Grup 2: Aluminyum oksit bitirme ve polisaj diski (Sof-Lex disk), Grup 3: Elmas dolduruculu parlatıcılı pat (Diapolisher Paste), Grup 4: Elmas cila diski (Diacomp Plus Twist), Grup 5: Silikon cila lastiği (Polydentia). Bitirme ve parlatma işlemlerinden sonra, örneklerin plazma ark altındaki ışık geçirgenlikleri radyometre ile ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz, iki-yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey post-hoc testleri ile yapıldı (α=0.05).

Bulgular: Ana etkiler bakımından, CAD/CAM hibrit seramik materyalleri arasında ışık geçirgenliği açısından anlamlı farklılık gözlendi (p<0.05): Cerasmart (%83.3±3.7), Vita Enamic (%80.5±5.3) ve Lava Ultimate (%76.5±4.9). Farklı yüzey bitirme ve parlatma işlemlerinin ışık geçirgenliği üzerine anlamlı etkisi yoktu (p=0.608). Bununla beraber, materyal ve işlem interaksiyonunda ışık geçirgenliği üzerine anlamlı etki bulundu (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Yüzey bitirme ve parlatma uygulanması, nano-hibrit ve polimer infiltre seramik ağ yapılı blokların ışık geçirgenliği özelliğini etkileyebilmektedir.

Keywords

Bilgisayar yardımlı tasarım, bilgisayar yardımlı imalat, ışık, seramikler

References

• Elsaka SE. Bond strength of novel CAD/CAM restorative materials to self-adhesive resin cement: the effect of surface treatments. J Adhes Dent 2014;16:531-40.
• Stawarczyk B, Sener B, Trottmann A, Roos M, Ozcan M, Hammerle CH. Discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated CAD/CAM blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing. Dent Mater J 2012;31:377–83.
• Cekic-Nagas I, Ergun G, Egilmez F, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Micro-shear bond strength of different resin cements to ceramic/glass-polymer CAD-CAM block materials. J Prosthodont Res 2016;60:265-73.
• Lauvahutanon S, Takahashi H, Shiozawa M, Iwasaki N, Asakawa Y, Oki M, et al. Mechanical properties of composite resin blocks for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J 2014;33:705-10.
• Nguyen JF, Ruse D, Phan AC, Sadoun MJ. High-temperature-pressure polymerized resin-infiltrated ceramic networks. J Dent Res 2014;93:62-7.
• Acar O, Yilmaz B, Altintas SH, Chandrasekaran I, Johnston WM. Color stainability of CAD/CAM and nanocomposite resin materials. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115:71-5.
• Fasbinder DJ, Neiva GF. Surface evaluation of polishing techniques for new resilient CAD/CAM restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2016;28:56–66.
• Amaya-Pajares SP, Ritter AV, Vera Resendiz C, Henson BR, Culp L, Donovan TE. Effect of finishing and polishing on the surface roughness of four ceramic materials after occlusal adjustment. J Esthet Restor Dent 2016;28:382-96.
• Kakar K. Which mechanical and physical testing methods are relevant for predicting the clinical performance of ceramic-based dental prostheses? Clin Oral Imp Res 2007;18:218–31.
• Cekic-Nagas I, Egilmez F, Ergun G. Comparison of light transmittance in different thicknesses of zirconia under various light curing units. J Adv Prosthodont 2012;4:93-6.
• Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent 2015;113:534-40.
• Stawarczyk B, Awad D, Ilie N. Blue-light transmittance of esthetic monolithic cad/cam materials with respect to their composition, thickness, and curing conditions. Oper Dent 2016;41:531-40.
• Spitznagel FA, Vuck A, Gierthumuehlen PC, Blatz MB, Horvath SD. Adhesive bonding to hybrid materials: An overview of materials and recommendations. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2016;37:630-7.
• Spitznagel FA, Horvath SD, Guess PC, Blatz MB. Resin bond to indirect composite and new ceramic/polymer materials: A review of the literature. J Esthet Restor Dent 2014;26;382–93.
• Özarslan MM, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Barutcigil Ç, Arslan M, Türker N, Barutcigil K. Effects of different surface finishing procedures on the change in surface roughness and color of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network material. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8:16-20.
• Güth JF, Zuch T, Zwinge S, Engels J, Stimmelmayr M, Edelhoff D. Optical properties of manually and CAD/CAM-fabricated polymers. Dent Mater J 2013;32:865-71.
• Cekic-Nagas I, Ergun G, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Influence of polymerization mode on degree of conversion and micropush-out bond strength of resin core systems using different adhesive systems. Dent Mater J 2008;27:376-85.
• Jiang L, Liao Y, Wan Q, Li W. Effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of zirconium dioxide dental ceramic. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011;22:2429-35.
• Jung H, Friedl KH, Hiller KA, Furch H, Bernhart S, Schmalz G. Polymerization efficiency of different photocuring units through ceramic discs. Oper Dent 2006;31:68-7.
• Jung H, Friedl KH, Hiller KA, Haller A, Schmalz G. Curing efficiency of different polymerization methods through ceramic restorations. Clin Oral Invest 2001;5:156-61.
• International Organization for Standardization. ISO 4049:2000. Dentistry—polymer-based filling, restorative and luting materials. 3rd edn. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization; 2000.
• Al-Shammery HA, Bubb NL, Youngson CC, Fasbinder DJ, Wood DJ. The use of confocal microscopy to assess surface roughness of two milled CAD – CAM ceramics following two polishing techniques. Dent Mater 2007;23:736–41.
• Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Estimation of the surface gloss of dental nano composites as a function of color measuring geometry. Am J Dent 2012;25:220–6.
• Sarac D, Sarac YS, Kulunk S, Ural C, Kulunk T. The effect of polishing techniques on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:33–40.
• Han G, Kim J, Lee M, Chae S, Lee Y, Cho B. Performance of a novel polishing rubber wheel in improving surface roughness of feldspathic porcelain. Dent Mater J 2014;33:739–48.
• Al Ben Ali A, Kang K, Finkelman MD, Zandparsa R, Hirayama H. The effect of variations in translucency and background on color differences in CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass ceramics. J Prosthodont 2014;23:213-20.
• Pereira CN, De Magalhães CS, Daleprane B, Peixoto RT, Ferreira Rda C, Cury LA, et al. LED and Halogen light transmission through a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate Glass-Ceramic. Braz Dent J 2015;26:648-53.