Farklı mineral katkıların epoksi zemin kaplama malzemesinin ıslanmazlığına ve yüzey enerjisine etkisi

Yıl 2018, , 599 - 610, 06.04.2018

Atilla Evcin , Bahri Ersoy , Tayfun Uygunoğlu , İbrahim Güneş

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.416368

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bu çalışmada epoksi esaslı zemin kaplama malzemesinin ıslanmazlık (hidrofobisite) ve yüzey enerjisi (veya daha yaygın kullanılışı ile serbest yüzey enerjisi) özellikleri üzerine mineral katkı türü ve miktarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla mineral katkı olarak 3 farklı atık ürün (uçucu kül, silis dumanı ve yüksek fırın cürufu) ile kireçtaşı kullanılmıştır. Üretilen her bir katkılı ve katkısız epoksi malzemesinin ıslanmazlık özelliğinin belirlenmesinde, su damlası yayınım yöntemi kullanılarak su ile temas açıları ölçülmüştür.  Epoksi malzemelerin yüzey enerjisi hesaplamaları için ise 3 polar (Su etilen glikol ve formamid) ve 1 apolar (diiodometan) sıvı kullanılarak temas açıları ölçülmüş ve sonra bu temas açısı verilerine göre Fowkes yaklaşımı kullanılarak yüzey enerjileri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre mineral katkılar az ya da çok epoksinin ıslanmazlık özelliğini düşürmekte ve buna uygun olarak yüzey enerjisini artırmaktadır. Katkı türleri içerisinde epoksinin ıslanmazlık ve yüzey enerjisi özelliklerine en az etki edenin uçucu kül (UK) ve en çok etki edenin ise kireçtaşı olduğu belirlenmiştir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epoksi, mineral atık, kompozit, hidrofobisite, yüzey enerjisi, temas açısı

Kaynakça

• Karaman, M. and Uçar, T. “Enhanced mechanical properties of low-surface energy thin filmsby simultaneous plasma polymerization of fluorine and epoxycontaining polymers” Appl. Surf. Sci., 362, 210–216, 2016.
• Arukalam I.O., Oguzie E.E., Li Y., “Fabrication of FDTS-modified PDMS-ZnO nanocomposite hydrophobic coating with anti-fouling capability for corrosion protection of Q235 steel”, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 484, 220–228, 2016.
• Gnedenkov S.V., Sinebryukhov S.L., Egorkin V.S., Vyaliy I.E, “Wettability and electrochemical properties of the highly hydrophobic coatings on PEO-pretreated aluminum alloy”, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016 (in press, doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.036).
• Zdziennicka, A., Szymczyk, K., Janczuk, B. “Correlation between surface free energy of quartz and its wettability by aqueous solutions of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 340, 243–248, 2009.
• Gao Z., Zhai X., Liu F., Zhang M., Zang D., Wang C., “Fabrication of TiO2/EP super-hydrophobic thin film on filter papersurface”, Carbohydr. Polym, 128, 24–31, 2015.
• Asano H., Shiraishi Y., “Development of paper-based microfluidic analytical device for iron assay using photomask printed with 3D printer for fabrication of hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones on paper by photolithography”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 883, 55–60, 2015.
• Azemar F., Fay F., Réhel K., Linossier I., “Development of hybrid antifouling paints”, Progress in Organic Coatings 87, 10–19, 2015.
• Leja J., Surface Chemistry of Froth Flotation, Plenum Press, New York, 1982.
• Hiemenz, P.C., Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 2nd Ed.; Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1986.
• Kapilashrami A., Eskilsson K., Bergström L., Malmsten M., “Drying of oil-in-water emulsions on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates”, Colloids Surf., A, Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 233, 155–161, 2004.
• Gönül, N., Süspansiyon ve Emülsiyon Teknolojisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Eczacılık Teknolojisi Bölümü, Ankara, 93, 2000.
• Chrazan, K.L., “Perfromance of hydrophobic epoxy insulators under indutrial pollution”, XVth Int. Symposium on High Voltage Eng., University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
• Hölck, O., Bauer, J., Wittler, O., Michel, B., Wunderle, B., “Comparative characterization of chip to epoxy interfaces by molecular modeling and contact angle determination”, Microelectronics Reliability, 52, 7, 1285–1290, 2012.
• Syakur, A., Berahim, H., Rochmadi, T., “Hydrophobic Contact Angle and Surface Degradation of Epoxy Resin Compound with Silicon Rubber and Silica” Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2, 5, 284-291, 2012.
• Le N.L., Nunes S.P., “Materials and membrane technologies for water and energy sustainability”, Sustainable Materials and Technologies 7, 1–28, 2016.
• Chakradhar, R.P.S., Dinesh Kumar, V., Rao, J.L., Basu, B.J. “Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces based on ZnO–PDMS nanocomposite coatings and study of its wetting behaviour”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 8569– 8575, 2011.
• Lung, C.Y.K. and Matinlinna, P. Surface Pretreatment Methods and Silanisation in Handbook of Oral Biomaterials, Ed. Jukka P. Matinlinna; CRC Press, 637,2015.
• Ebnasajjad S., Handbook of Adhesive and Surface Preparation (Technology, Applications and Manufacturing), Elsevier Inc., Oxford, 415, 2011.
• Good, R. J., and van Oss, C. J., Modern Approaches to Wettability: Theory and Applications, Eds: M. E. Schrader, and G. Loeb, Plenum Press, New York, 1-27, 1992.
• Shang, H. M., Wang, Y., Takahashı, K., Cao, G. Z., LI, D., Xia Y. N. “Nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces”, J. Mater. Sci., 40, 3587 – 3591, 2005.
• A.W. Adamson, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Los Angeles, 697, 1976.
• C.A. Miller, P. Neogi, Interfacial Phenomena (Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 354, 1985.
• Van Giessen, A. E., Bukman, D. J., and Widom, B., “Contact Angles of Liquid Drops on Low-Energy Solid Surfaces”, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,, 192, 257–265, 1997.
• Kwok, D.Y. and Neumann, A.W., “Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation”, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 81, 167-249, 1999.
• Yıldırım İ., Surfaces Free Energy Characterizastion Of Powders, DoktoraTezi, Mining and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, 2001.
• Terada, K. and Yonemochi, E., “Physicochemical properties and surface free energy of ground talc”, Solid State Ionics, 172, 459-462, 2004.
• Israelachvili, J.N., Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press, London, 1995.
• Kessler M.R., “Polymer Matrix Composites: A Perspective for a Special Issue of Polymer Reviews”, Polymer Reviews, 52, 3, 229-233, 2012.
• Awalellu K.A., “A Review on Properties and Applications of Polymer Matrix Composites”, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2, IA, 2016.
• Florea R.M., Carcea I., “Polymer Matrix Composites – Routes And Properties”, International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies, IV, 1, 59-64, 2012.
• Fırat F.K, Eren A., “Tarihi Yığma Yapılardaki Hasarlı Kemerler Üzerinde FRP Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der., 30, 4, 659-670, 2015.
• Özüyağlı A., Mehmetalioğlu C., Özsoy M., Akıncı A., “CTP Boru Üretim Atığı İlaveli PVC Matriksli Kompozit Malzemelerin Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der., 31, 2, 465-472, 2016.
• Alagar M., Velan T.V.T., Kumar A. A., Mohan V., “Synthesis and Characterization of High Performance Polymeric Hybrid Siliconized Epoxy Composites for Aerospace Applications”, Mater. Manuf. Processes, 14, 1, 67-83, 1999.
• Friedrich D., Luible A.,” Investigations on ageing of wood-plastic composites for outdoor applications: A meta-analysis using empiric data derived from diverse weathering trials”, Constr Build Mater., 124, 1142–1152, 2016.
• Bazant P., Munster L., Machovsky M., Sedlak J., PastorekM., Kozakova Z., Kuritka I., “Wood flour modified by hierarchical Ag/ZnO as potential filler for wood–plastic composites with enhanced surface antibacterial performance”, Ind. Crop. and Prod, 62, 179–187, 2014.
• Abbasiana, A., Ghaffariana, S.R., Mohammadia, N., Fallahi, D., “The contact angle of thin-uncured epoxy films: thickness effect”, Colloids Surf., A, Physicochem.Eng. Aspects 236, 133-140, 2004.
• E. Chibowski, L. Hołysz, K. Terpiłowski, M. Jurak, “Investigation of super-hydrophobic effect of PMMA layers with different fillers deposited on glass support”, Colloids Surf. A 291, 181-190, 2006.
• Brostow, W., Dutta, M., Rusek, P., “Modified epoxy coatings on mild steel: Tribology and surface energy”, Eur. Poly. J., 46, 2181–2189, 2010.
• Atta A. M., Al-Lohedan H. A., Ezzat A. O., Al-Hussain S. A. “Characterization of superhydrophobic epoxy coatings embedded bymodified calcium carbonate nanoparticles”, Prog. Org. Coat., 101, 577–586, 2016.
• Bikkina, P.K. “Contact angle measurements of CO2–water–quartz/calcite systems in the perspective of carbon sequestration”, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 5, 1259–1271, 2011.
• Ersoy B., Kavas T., Evcin A., Başpınar S., Sarıışık A., Önce G. “The effect of BaCO3 addition on the sintering behavior of lignite coal fly ash”, Fuel, 87, 2563-2571 (2008).
• Augustson C. NM Epoxy Handbook, Nils Malmgren AB, Sweeden, 2004.
• Arsoy, Z., Talkın Yüzey Özelliklerine Öğütmenin Etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Ünversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Afyonkarahisar, 2014.
• Shen, W., Filonanko, Y., Truong, Y. Parker, I.H., Brack, N., Pigram, P. and Liesegang, J., “Contact angle measurement and surface energetic of sized and unsized paper”, Colloids Surf., A , Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 173, 117-126, 2000.
• Fowkes, F.M,. Acid-base interactions in polymer adhesion: physicochemical aspects of polymer surfaces, Ed K.L. Mital, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
• Pilling, J., Chrzan, K., Hofmann, J., Baersch, R. “Artficial aging of polymer insulation surface in a clean fog chamber and its evaluation” 8th Int. Symposium on High Voltage Engineering ISH, Yokohama 1993, paper 47.04.
• Karagüzel C., Na-K feldspat minerallerin flotasyon yöntemi ile ayırımında hidrofobisiteyi etkileyen parametreler, Doktora Tezi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Blimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, 2005.
• Gence, N. “Wetting behavior of magnesite and dolomite surfaces”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, 10, 15, 3744-3750, 2006.
• Shrimali, K., Jin, J. , Vaziri Hassas, B., Wang, X., Miller, Jan D. “The surface state of hematite and its wetting characteristics”, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 477, 1,16–24, 2016.