Kalkan Balığının (Psetta maxima) Büyüme ve Besin Madde Kompozisyonu Üzerine Balık Unu Kaynağı ve Lipid Oranının Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yavru kalkan balığı yemlerinde bulunan balık unu kaynaklarının ve lipid düzeylerinin büyüme, yemden yararlanma, vücut kompozisyonu ve besin dengesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Balıklara 50 gün boyunca iki farklı balık unu kaynağı (Karadeniz hamsisinden (Engraulis encrasicolus) üretilmiş kahverengi balık unu, KBU ve Alaska morina balığından (Gadus chalcogrammus) üretilmiş beyaz balık unu, BBU) ve iki farklı lipid seviyesi içeren yemler verilmiştir. KBU-YL (Kahverengi balık unu –yüksek lipid), KBU-DL (Kahverengi balık unu –düşük lipid), BBU-YL (Beyaz balık unu –yüksek lipid), BBU- DL (Beyaz balık unu –düşük lipid) şeklinde hazırlanan diyetler %53 protein ve %10–14 lipid içeriyordu. Deneme sonunda, final ağırlık, spesifik büyüme oranı (SBO), günlük yem tüketimi (GYT), yem dönüşüm oranı (YDO), protein verimlilik oranı (PVO), nitrojen tüketimi, kazanımı, kaybı ve lipid tüketimi, kazanımı, tutulması değerlerinin yemdeki protein kaynağı ve lipid seviyesinden önemli ölçüde (P 0,05) etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. En iyi SBO ve YDO, BBU-YL yemi ile beslenen gruptan elde edilmiştir. Nitrojen tutulumu, en iyi protein değerlendirmenin tespit edildiği BBU-YL grubunda diğer gruplara kıyasla önemli derecede P<0,05) yüksek bulunmuştur. BBU-YL ve KBU-YL yemleri ile beslenen gruplarda lipid tutulumu daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Balık vücudundaki protein, lipid ve kül miktarı balık unu ve lipid seviyesinden önemli (P<0,05) ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yemlerde BBU kullanımı, KBU içeren yemlere kıyasla daha iyi büyüme performansı ve besin kullanımı sağlaması açısından daha umut verici olabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca mevcut deneysel koşullar altında balık unu kaynağından bağımsız olarak %14'lük lipid seviyesinin %10’luk lipid seviyesine kıyasla daha iyi bir büyüme sağlayabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Fish meal
• lipid level
• nitrogen and lipid balance
• protein quality
• Psetta maxima

The Effect of Fishmeal Source and Lipid Ratio on Growth and Nutrient Composition of Juvenile Turbot (Psetta maxima)

Abstract

The study investigated how the sources of fish meal and the amount of lipids in the diets of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) affected growth, feed utilization, body composition, and nutrient balance. The fish were fed with feed produced using two different fish meals for 50 days: white fish meal (WFM) from Alaska cod, Gadus chalcogrammus and brown fish meal (BFM) from Black Sea anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. The diets prepared as BFM-HL (Brown fish meal- high lipid), BFM-LL (Brown fish meal- low lipid), WFM-HL (Whitefish meal-high lipid), WFM LL (Whitefish meal-low lipid) contained 53% protein and 10–14% lipid. Fish meal sources and lipid levels had a substantial (P< 0.05) impact on final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion rate (FCR), protein efficiency rate (PER), nitrogen intake, gain, and loss, and lipid intake, gain, and retention. WFM-HL fed fish showed the best SGR, FCR, and PER results. When compared to the other diets, the WFM-HL diet's better protein utilization led to a considerably higher (P< 0.05) nitrogen retention. The fish-fed WFM-HL and BFM-HL diets had higher lipid retention values. Protein, lipid, and ash levels in the whole fish body were significantly (P< 0.05) influenced by the dietary fish meal source and lipid level. Compared to diets containing BFM, the results suggested that employing WFM in diet would be more promising in terms of higher growth performance and nutrient utilization. Also, with regard to experimental design, dietary lipid levels of 14% could result in greater growth than the diet containing 10% lipid, regardless of fish meal sources and levels.

Keywords

• Fish meal
• lipid level
• nitrogen and lipid balance
• protein quality
• Psetta maxima

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