Effect of Bentonite's Different Rates to Ammonium Removal in Aquatic Conditions

Abstract

Ammonia has a high toxic effect for all living forms. When exposed to in low quantities, it can be tolareted by the living forms. Compared with clay minerals, bentonite has a high usability due to its high adsorption capacity and low cost. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of two different amount of bentonite on the ammonium adsorption in freshwater at 17±1°C. In this research two trial groups with 3 repetitions were created for two different bentonite rate. Experimental groups were prepared by adding 2 liter of water and NH4Cl to each bottle to give an NH4+ amount of 10 mg/l. After that, two amounts of bentonite (7 g/l, 14 g/l) were added to the bottles. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) values were determined during the trial period. At the end of trial NH3 values were calculated as 0.461±0.01 mg/l and 0.463±0.01 mg/l in different amount of bentonite groups (7 g/l, 14 g/l), respectively. There were difference in TAN values between the experimental groups (p<0.05). As a result in this study, it has been determined that the amount of 14 g/l bentonite is the ideal amount for ammonium removal in aquaculture.

Keywords

• Adsorption
• Bentonite
• Ammonium
• Aquaculture

Ammonium Removal in Aquatic Conditions Using Different Levels of Calcium Bentonite

Abstract

Ammonia, necessary for life cycles is a natural substance that is available in all forms of life from plants to animals and human beings. Ammonia is toxic at high levels, however low concentrates can be tolerated by the living forms. Especially in mass production of fish under intensive culture conditions, significant amount of ammonia excretion deteriorates the water environment. Hence, removal of ammonia from water environment may support the re-use of freshwater in aquaculture facilities, and benefit for sustainable utilization of water resources. Compared to clay minerals, bentonite has a high usability due to its high adsorption capacity and low cost. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of two different concentrations of calcium bentonite on ammonium adsorption in a freshwater environment at constant temperature (17°C). Two different concentrations of calcium bentonite (7g/l B7 and 14g/l B14) were tested in triplicate and experiments were performed in chambers with 2 liter water and NH4Cl incorporated to obtain 10 mg/l NH4+ in each of the water chamber. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) were determined during the course of the experiment. Ammonia adsorption effects of calcium bentonite were tested and at the end of the trial, NH3 values were recorded as 0.461±0.01mg/l and 0.463±0.01 mg/l for the B7 and B14 groups, respectively. There were difference in TAN values between the experimental groups (P<0.05). As a result, it has been concluded that bentonite of 14 g/l might be ideal for ammonium removal under aquatic conditions applied.is

Keywords

• Adsorption
• Ca-bentonite
• Ammonium
• Aquaculture

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