Ticari Yetiştiricilik Ortamında Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yemine İlave Edilen Karayemiş Yaprağı (Laurocerasus officinalis) Ekstraktının Büyüme, Yaşama Oranı ve Karaciğer Katalaz Enzim Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yüksek su sıcaklığının ekonomik kayba neden olduğu yaz döneminde, antioksidan özelliği bilinen karayemiş yaprağı (Laurocerasus officinalis) ekstraktının, ticari işletme koşullarında yemde kullanımının, gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yaşama oranı, büyüme parametreleri, biyokimyasal özellikleri ve katalaz (CAT) enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, biri ön deneme olmak üzere iki deneme yürütülmüştür. Ön denemede yeme çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 ve 15 g ekstrakt/kg yem) katılan karayemiş yaprağı ekstraktının, akvaryum koşullarında yüksek sıcaklıkta (21°C) gökkuşağı alabalığının yaşama oranına etkisi araştırılmış ve en uygun konsantrasyonun 10 g ekstrakt/kg yem olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ticari yetiştiricilik ortamında yürütülen diğer denemede ise, elde edilebilirliğinin kolaylığı ve yemlerin elle hazırlanmasından dolayı daha makul olduğu düşünülen miktarda (5 g/kg yem) yeme katılan karayemiş ekstraktının gökkuşağı alabalığının yaşama oranı, büyüme parametreleri, biyokimyasal özellikleri ve karaciğerde CAT enzim aktivitesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Ancak bu konsantrasyonda yeme ilave edilen karayemiş yaprağı ekstraktının nem ve ham yağ hariç(p<0.05)  incelenen parametreler üzerine istatistiksel olarak önemli bir etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmesine rağmen (p>0.05), deneme grubunda yaşama oranının kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ekonomik ve kolay bulunan bir bitki olan karayemişin, gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliğinde yaz aylarındaki sıcaklık artışı süresince yeme ilave edilmesiyle yaşama oranını artıran yeni bir antioksidan madde olma potansiyeline sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Karayemiş,Gökkuşağı alabalığı,yaşama oranı,büyüme,antioksidan enzim

The effect of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) leaf extract on the survival, growth ratio and catalase enzyme activity in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in commercial production conditions

Abstract

In this study, the effects of using cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) leaf extract, which has known antioxidant feature, in diet in commercial production conditions on the survival rate, growth parameters, biochemical composition and catalase enzyme activity in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the summer season causing economic loss since high water temperature were investigated. For this purpose, two studies, one of which was a preliminary study, were conducted. In the preliminary study, the effect of cherry leaf extract supplementation to the diet with different concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g extract / kg feed) on the survival rate of rainbow trout at high temperature (21 ° C) in aquarium conditions was examined and the most appropriate concentration was determined as 10 g extract / kg feed. In the other study carried out in a commercial company, the effect of cherry leaf extract supplementation into the diet with a more reasonable concentration (5 g extract / kg feed) because of easily obtainable and manual preparation of the diets on the survival rate, growth parameters, biochemical composition and CAT enzyme activity in the liver of rainbow trout were searched. It was determined that cherry leaf extract supplementation to the diet with this concentration did not have any statistically significant effect on the parameters examined (p> 0.05), except for moisture and crude lipid (p<0.05), on the other hand survival rate in the experimental group was higher than the control group. As a result, it can be said that cherry laurel which is economic and easily obtainable plant has a potential as a new antioxidant substance that increases the survival rate in rainbow trout cultivation by supplementing to the diet during the temperature rise in summer months.

Keywords

• Cherry laurel,rainbow trout,survival,growth,antioxidant enzyme

References

1. Abdel-Tawwab, M., Samir, F., El-Naby, A. S. A., Monier, M. N. 2018. Antioxidative and immunostimulatory effect of dietary cinnamon nanoparticles on the performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and its susceptibility to hypoxia stress and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 74:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.033.
2. Akyüz, A.P., Dernekbaşı, S., Karayücel, İ. 2018. Yüksek sıcaklıkla oksidatif strese maruz bırakılan Gökkuşağı Alabalığında (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), Karayemiş yaprağı (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) ekstraktının büyüme, yaşama oranı ve bazı antioksidan enzimler üzerine etkisi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 35 (2):131-139. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.2.05
3. Dadras, H., Hayatbakhsh, M.R, Shelton, W.L., Golpour, A. 2016. Effects of dietary administration of Rose hip and Safflower on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune response of Beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 59:109-114. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.033.
4. Dotta, G., De Andrade, J.I.A., Garcia, P., Alves-Jesus, G.F., Mouriño, J.L.P., Mattos, J.J., Bainy, A.C.D., Martins, M.L. 2018. Antioxidant enzymes, hematology and histology of spleen in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with natural extracts challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 79:175-180. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.024.
5. El-Gawad, E.A.A., El-Latif, A.M.A., Shourbela, R.M. 2016. Enhancement of antioxidant activity, non-specific ımmunity and growth performance of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus by dietary fructooligosaccharide. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 7:427. doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000427
6. Gabriel, N.N., Qiang, J., He, J., Ma, X.Y., Kpundeh, M.D., Xu, P. 2015. Dietary Aloe vera supplementation on growth performance, some haemato-biochemical parameters and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in tilapia (GIFT). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 44:504-514. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.002.
7. Gökçe, A., Whalon, M.E., Çam, H., Yanar, Y., Demirtaş, İ., Gőren, N. 2007. Contact and residual toxicities of 30 plant extracts to Colorado potato beetle larvae. Archives Of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 40: 441-450. doi:10.1080/03235400600628013
8. Guardiola, F., Porcino, C., Cerezuela, R., Esteban, M.A. 2016. Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet onantioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related geneexpression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 52:298-308. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.152.

9. Hisar, O., Yanık, T., Kocaman, E.M., Arslan, M., Slukvin, A., Goncharova, R. 2012. Effects of diludine supplementation on growth performance, liver antioxidant enzyme activities and muscular trace elements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles at low water temperature. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18:211-219. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00890.x.
10. Hoseini, S.M., Mirghaed, A.T., Iri, Y., Ghelichpour, M. 2018. Effects of dietary cineole administration on growth performance, hematological and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 495:766-772. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.06.073
11. Jiang, J., Wu, X.Y., Zhou, X.Q., Feng, L., Liub, Y., Jiang, W.D., Wu, P., Zhao, Y. 2016. Effects of dietary curcumin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant capacity of crucian carp Carassius auratus. Aquaculture, 463: 174-180. doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.040
12. Laltlanmawia, C., Saha, R.K., Saha H., Biswas, P. 2018. Ameliorating effects of dietary mixture of Withania somnifera root extract and vitamin C in Labeo rohita against low pH and waterborne iron stresses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.008.
13. Lee, D.H., Ra, C.S., Song, Y.H., Sung, K., Kim, J.D. 2012. Effects of dietary garlic extract on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition of juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 25 (4):577-583. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12012.
14. Liu, B., Xie, J., Ge, X., Xu, P., Miao, L., Zhou, Q., Pan, L., Chen, R. 2012. Comparison study of the effects of anthraquinone extract and emodin from Rheum officinale Bail on the physiological response, disease resistance of Megalobrama amblycephala under high temperature stress. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12:905-916. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_4_18
15. Lygren, B., Hamre, K., Waagbo, R. 2000. Effect of induced hyperoxia on the antioxidant status of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fed three different levels of dietary vitamin E. Aquaculture Research, 31:401-407. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00459.x
16. Mbokane, E. M., Moyo, N.A.G. 2018a. Alterations of haemato-biochemical parameters pre and post-challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and survival of Oreochromis mossambicus fed Moringa oleifera-based diets. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 83:213-222. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.017.
17. Mbokane, E.M., Moyo, N.A.G. 2018b. A preliminary investigation into the potential effect of Artemisia afra on growth and disease resistance in sub-adults of Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture, 482:197-202. doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.09.047
18. Mirghaed, A.T., Hoseini, S.M., Ghelichpour, M. 2018. Effects of dietary 1,8-cineole supplementation on physiological, immunological and antioxidant responses to crowding stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 81:182-188. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.027.
19. Mushahida-Al-Noor, S., Hossain, D., Islam, A. 2012. The study of fillet proximate composition, growth performance and survival rate of striped catfish fed with diets containing different amounts of alpha-tocopherol (vıtamin-E). Journal of Bio-Science, 20: 67-74. doi:10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17658
20. Musthafa, M.S., Asgari, S.M., Kurian, A., Elumalai, P., Ali, A.R.J., Paray, B.A., Al-Sadoon, M.K. 2018. Protective efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (L.) seed meal enriched diet on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 75:374-380. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.031.
21. Nya, E.J., Austin, B. 2009. Use of dietary ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, as an immunostimulant to control Aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases, 32(11):971-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01101.x.
22. Pitaksong, T., Kupittayanant, P., Boonanuntanasarn, S. 2012. The effects of vitamins C and E on the growth, tissue accumulation and prophylactic response to thermal and acidic stress of hybrid catfish. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(2):148-162. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00950.x
23. Prabu, D.L., Chandrasekar, S., Ambashankar, K., Dayal, S. J.,Ebeneezar,S., Ramachandran, K., Kavitha, M., Vijayagopal, P. 2018. Effect of dietary Syzygium cumini leaf powder on growth and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) and defense against virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture, 489:9-20. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.041
24. Robinson, M.E. 1929. Methods for the determination of the nitrogenous consituents of a cyanoporic plant: Prunus laurocerasus. Biochemical Journal, 23 (5):1099-1113.Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture, 172 (1- 2):63–92. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00436-0
25. Sönmez, A.Y., Bilen, S., Alak, G., Hisar, O., Yanık, T., Biswas, G. 2015. Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 41:165-175. doi: 10.1007/s10695-014-0014-9.
26. Sun, Z., Tan, X., Ye, H., Zou, C., Ye, C., Wang, A. 2018. Effects of dietary Panax notoginseng extract on growth performance, fish composition, immune responses, intestinal histology and immune related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 73: 234-244. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.007.
27. Tan, X., Sun, Z., Liu, Q., Ye, H., Zou, C., Ye, C., Wang. A., Lin, H. 2018. Effects of dietary ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 72:399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.022.
28. Zheng, Z.L., Tan, J. Y.W., Liu, H.Y., Zhou , X.H., Xiang , X., Wang, K.Y. 2009. Evaluation of oregano essential oil (Origanum heracleoticum L.) on growth, antioxidant effect and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 292:214-218. doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.025
29. Zhou, Q., Li, K., Jun, X. & Bo, L. (2009). Role and functions of beneficial microorganisms in sustainable aquaculture. Bioresource Technology, 100:3780–3786. doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.037.