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ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 14 - 28, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Kimyasal tarım ilaçlarının insan ve çevre sağlığı açısından
ortaya çıkan zararları neticesinde, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de oluşan
bilinçli kamuoyu baskısı, kimyasal pestisitlerden arı bitkisel ürünlerin
üretilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koyarken, Erzincan ölçeğinde de sentetik
pestisitlerin yerine ikame edilebilecek
insan
ve çevreye dost alternatif pestisitlerin
neler olabileceği tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Keza Erzincan’da, bitkisel tarım üretimi yapılan
alanlarında, en fazla sırasıyla herbisit, 
fungusit, insektisit ve akarisit kullanıldığı ve son
12 yıl içerisinde, toplamda en fazla
61.600 kg ile 2013 yılında kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu kimyasal
pestisitlerden yıllara göre sırasıyla en fazla herbisitlerin 42.900 kg (2014),
fungusitlerin,  13.669 kg (2007), insektisitlerin,
6.589 kg (2013) ve akarisitlerin ise, 1.398 kg (2007) kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Ülkemizin Avrupa birliği uyum yasaları
çerçevesinde tarımda kimyasal pestisit kullanma oranını düşürme mecburiyetinden
ötürü, kullanımı yasaklanan tarım ilaçlarının yerine insan ve çevreye dost biyopestisit
olarak bilinen biyolojik kökenli pestisitler tavsiye edilmektedir. Biyopestisitler
bitkisel, mikrobiyal, semiyokimyasal ve gen aktarılmış bitkiler olmak üzere 4
çeşittir. Ülkemizde daha çok bitkisel, semiokimyasal ve mikrobiyal kökenli
biyopestisitler kullanılmaktatır. Erzincan’da da organik tarım ve iyi tarım
uygulamaları yapan işletmeler
bitkisel
kökenlilerden özellikle repellent etkili olan
Azadirachta indica, semiyokimyasallardan feromon
tuzaklarını ve mikrobiyal kökenli olanlardan ise
Bacillus thrungiensis ve ırklarını, tarımsal zararlıların mücadelesinde
sentetik-kimyasal pestisitlerin yerine kullanmaya başladıkları tespit
edilmiştir. Erzincan mikrokilima iklime sahip bir il ve sebze, meyve, tarla
bitkileri ve örtü altı seracılık için uygun bir ekolojiye sahip olup, tarımsal
üretimde, kimyasal pestisitlerin yerine biyolojik kökenli pestisitlerin
kullanılması tavsiye edilebilir.

References

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Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Gençlik caddesi No:6 35040 Bornova /İzmir. Ezgi Ofset Matbaacılık, Adakale Sokak No: 25/13 Kızılay/Ankara.Butt, M. T. Jackson C., Magan N., (2001). Introduction-Fungal Biological Control Agents: progres, Problems and Potantial. Chapter 1., p:1-9 ; CABI PublıshingDavid P. (2005). Envıronmental and Economıc Costs of The Applıcatıon of Pesticides Primarily in The Unıted States? Environment, Development and Sustainability. Springer; 7: 229–252.Demirbağ, Z. (Edtr). (2007). Entomopatojenler ve Mikrobiyal Mücadele Sempozyumu, TRABZON, TÜRKIYE, 21-24 Haziran 2007, ss.43-43 Demirbağ, Z. Nalçacığolu, R., Katı, H., Demir, İ., Sezen k., Ertürk, Ö., (2008). Entomopatojenler ve Biyolojik Mücadele. KTÜ ofset tesisleri. Trabzon, Türkiye.EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), U.S., (2018). 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Chemıcal Pestıcıdes Mode Of Actıon and Toxıcology. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. ISBN 0-7484-0910-6. 224psKalinova, J., 2010 Allelopathy and Organic Farming Chapter 14 E. Lichtfouse (ed.), Sociology, Organic Farming, Climate Change and Soil Science, 379 Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 3, DOI 10.1007/978-90- 481-3333-8_14, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010Karasu nehrinde balık ölümleri (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XxufXfQ_mk. ve http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/karasu-nehrinde-balik-olumleri-artiyor-haber-7602.htm. (Erişim tarihi; 11.06. 2018)Kelsey, R. G., Reynols, G. W., Rodriguez, E., 1984. The chemistry of biologically active constituents secreted and stored in plant grandular trichomes. Plen. Press, 187-241Kepenekci İ., (2012). Genel Nematoloji, CiltI-II. Nematoloji, Bitki Paraziti ve entomopatojen nematodlar.Kılıç E., ve Güven Ö., 2014 Biopesticides marked and Turkey", 7. International Biyopesticides Congresses, ANTALYA, TÜRKIYE, 14 Kasım 2015 - 17 Kasım 2014, pp.36-36.Kjaer, A., 1960. Naturally derivered isothiocyanates (mustard oils) and their parent glucosides. Fortshr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 18: 122-176.Lah K (2011) Effects of pesticides on human health. In: Toxipedia. Available from http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Effects+of+Pesticides+on+Human+HealthMa, W. C., Visser, J. H., 1978. Single unit analysis of odour quality coding by the olfactory antennal system of the colorado beetle. Entom. Exp. Appl. 24: 520-523.Ma. Cristina Del Rincón Castro. (2011). Entomopathogenic Viruses. Biological Control of Insect Pests. Edition: First Chapter: Entomopathogenic Viruses..Publisher: Studium Press LLC, USA. Editors: Ninfa Rosas.Markets and Markets (2017). Biopesticides Market worth 6.60 Billion USD by 2022. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/biopesticide.asp (erişim; 11.06.2018).Marrone, P.G. 2014.The market and potential for biopesticides. In Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities; Gross, A.D., Coats, J.R., Duke, S.O., Seiber, J.N., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA,; pp. 245–258.Meyer, H. J., Norris, D. M., 1967. Vanilin and syringaldehyde as attractants for Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer. 60: 858-859.Millar, J. G., Cheng-hua, Z., Lanier, G. N., O’Callagan, D. P., Griggs, M., West, J. R., Silverstein, R. M., 1986. Components of moribund american elm trees as attractants to elm bark beetles, H. rufipes and S. multistriatus J. Ch. Ec.12: 583-608.Miller, D. R., 2000. Vertical displacement of Ips latidens and Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by semiochemical interruption. Canadian-Entomologist. 132(6): 789-797.Olson, S. 2015. 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Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 14 - 28, 31.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Aktar W, Sengupta D, Chowdhury A (2009) Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdiscipl Toxicol 2:1–12.Anad P. ve Jagadiswari R., 1996. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. November 18, 1996 by CRC Press . ps: 480: ISBN 9780873718257 - CAT# L825. Bhadoria, B P S.,2011. Allelopathy: A Natural Way Towards Weed Management American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 1(1):7-20, 2011.Birişik N., 2011. Teoriden pratiğe Biyolojik mücadele. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Gıda ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü ile Adana Biyolojik Mücadele Araştırma İstasyonu. Gıda ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü Eskişehir yolu 9 km. Lodumlu /Ankara. (erişim; 11.06.2018)https://www.tarim.gov.tr/GKGM/Belgeler/Bitki%20Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%20Hizmetleri/Biyolojik_Mucadele_Kitabi.pdf.Burçak A., A., Durdu, A. U., (2015). Bitki koruma ürünleri ve pestisit kalıntıları. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Gençlik caddesi No:6 35040 Bornova /İzmir. Ezgi Ofset Matbaacılık, Adakale Sokak No: 25/13 Kızılay/Ankara.Butt, M. T. Jackson C., Magan N., (2001). Introduction-Fungal Biological Control Agents: progres, Problems and Potantial. Chapter 1., p:1-9 ; CABI PublıshingDavid P. (2005). Envıronmental and Economıc Costs of The Applıcatıon of Pesticides Primarily in The Unıted States? Environment, Development and Sustainability. Springer; 7: 229–252.Demirbağ, Z. (Edtr). (2007). Entomopatojenler ve Mikrobiyal Mücadele Sempozyumu, TRABZON, TÜRKIYE, 21-24 Haziran 2007, ss.43-43 Demirbağ, Z. Nalçacığolu, R., Katı, H., Demir, İ., Sezen k., Ertürk, Ö., (2008). Entomopatojenler ve Biyolojik Mücadele. KTÜ ofset tesisleri. Trabzon, Türkiye.EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), U.S., (2018). Biopesticides. https://www.epa.gov/ (erişim:11.06.2018)Fahn, A., 1979. Secretory tissues in plants, Academic Press, LondonFeeny, P., 1976. Plant apparency and chemical defense, in biochemical interaction between plants and insects. Rec. Adv. Phytochem. 10: 1-40.Fleming, W. E., 1972. Biology of the Japanese beetle. U. S. D. A. Tech. Bull. 1449.Francisco Prieto Garcia1, 1 *Sandra Y. Cortés Ascencio, 2 John C. Gaytan Oyarzun, 3Alejandra Ceruelo Hernandez and 3Patricia Vazquez Alavarado (2012). Pesticides: classification, uses and toxicity. Measures of exposure and genotoxic risks Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology (ISSN: 2315-5698) Vol. 1(11) pp. 279-293,Friedrich, H., 1976. Phenylpropanoid constituents of essential oils. Lloydia 39: 1-7.Geissman, T. A., Crout, D. H. G., 1969. Organic chemistry of secondary plant metabolism. Freeman, Cooper & Co., San Francisco, CA.TOBEM (Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Erzincan İl Müdürlüğü) (2016). https://erzincan.tarim.gov.tr/. (erişim;11.04.2019)Gore, W. E., Pearce, G. T., Lanier, G. N., Simeone, J. B., Silverstein, R. M., Peacock, J. W., Cuthbert, R. A., 1977. Aggregation attractant of the European elm bark beetles Scolytus multistriatus. Production of individual components and related aggregation behavior. J. Chem. Ecol. 3: 429-446.Gornitz, K., 1956. Weitere untersuchungen uber insekten- attraktiostoffe aus cruciferen. nachrichtenblatt. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzdienst N. F. 10: 137.Goulson DJ (2013) An overview of the environmental risks posed by neonicotinoid insecticides. J Appl Ecol 50:977. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12111Güncan, A. ve Durmuşoğlu, E., (2004) HASAD (ISSN 1302-1702), EKİM 2004, YIL: 20, SAYI:233, 26-32.Hammack, L., 2003. Volatile semiochemical impact on trapping and distribution in maize of northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Agricultural and Forest-Entomology. 5 (2): 113-122.Hazır, S. (Edtr) (2009). Second International Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Congress, Aydın, Eylül 2009, MUĞLA, TÜRKIYE, 24-27 Eylül 2009, ss.78-78 Hicks B (2013) Agricultural pesticides and human health. In: National Association of Geoscience Teachers. Available from http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/pesticides.html. Accessed Jan 13, 2014İskender, N.A., (Edtr) (2013). 4th International participated entomopathogens and microbial control symposium. ARTVİN, TÜRKIYE, 11-14 Eylül 2013, ss.97-97 Jang, E. B., Light, D. M., Dickens, J. C., McGovern, T. P., Nagota, J. T., 1989. Electroantennogram responses of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to trimedlure and its isomers. J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 2219-2231.Jaronski, S. (2013). Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi: state of the art. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Rjoas, M.G, Shaprio-Ilan, D.I., editors. Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. USA: Academic Press. p. 357-415.Jørgen Stenersen (2004). Chemıcal Pestıcıdes Mode Of Actıon and Toxıcology. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. ISBN 0-7484-0910-6. 224psKalinova, J., 2010 Allelopathy and Organic Farming Chapter 14 E. Lichtfouse (ed.), Sociology, Organic Farming, Climate Change and Soil Science, 379 Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 3, DOI 10.1007/978-90- 481-3333-8_14, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010Karasu nehrinde balık ölümleri (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XxufXfQ_mk. ve http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/karasu-nehrinde-balik-olumleri-artiyor-haber-7602.htm. (Erişim tarihi; 11.06. 2018)Kelsey, R. G., Reynols, G. W., Rodriguez, E., 1984. The chemistry of biologically active constituents secreted and stored in plant grandular trichomes. Plen. Press, 187-241Kepenekci İ., (2012). Genel Nematoloji, CiltI-II. Nematoloji, Bitki Paraziti ve entomopatojen nematodlar.Kılıç E., ve Güven Ö., 2014 Biopesticides marked and Turkey", 7. International Biyopesticides Congresses, ANTALYA, TÜRKIYE, 14 Kasım 2015 - 17 Kasım 2014, pp.36-36.Kjaer, A., 1960. Naturally derivered isothiocyanates (mustard oils) and their parent glucosides. Fortshr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 18: 122-176.Lah K (2011) Effects of pesticides on human health. In: Toxipedia. Available from http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Effects+of+Pesticides+on+Human+HealthMa, W. C., Visser, J. H., 1978. Single unit analysis of odour quality coding by the olfactory antennal system of the colorado beetle. Entom. Exp. Appl. 24: 520-523.Ma. Cristina Del Rincón Castro. (2011). Entomopathogenic Viruses. Biological Control of Insect Pests. Edition: First Chapter: Entomopathogenic Viruses..Publisher: Studium Press LLC, USA. Editors: Ninfa Rosas.Markets and Markets (2017). Biopesticides Market worth 6.60 Billion USD by 2022. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/biopesticide.asp (erişim; 11.06.2018).Marrone, P.G. 2014.The market and potential for biopesticides. In Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities; Gross, A.D., Coats, J.R., Duke, S.O., Seiber, J.N., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA,; pp. 245–258.Meyer, H. J., Norris, D. M., 1967. Vanilin and syringaldehyde as attractants for Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer. 60: 858-859.Millar, J. G., Cheng-hua, Z., Lanier, G. N., O’Callagan, D. P., Griggs, M., West, J. R., Silverstein, R. M., 1986. Components of moribund american elm trees as attractants to elm bark beetles, H. rufipes and S. multistriatus J. Ch. Ec.12: 583-608.Miller, D. R., 2000. Vertical displacement of Ips latidens and Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by semiochemical interruption. Canadian-Entomologist. 132(6): 789-797.Olson, S. 2015. An analysis of the biopesticide market now and where is going. Outlooks Pest Manag. 26, 203–206.Öncüer, C., (1995). Tarımsal zararlılarla savaş yöntemleri ve ilaçlar.Ege Üniversitesi basım evi. Bornova, İzmir.Özer Z., Kadıoğlu İ., Önen H., Tursun N.,1997. Herboloji (Yabancı ot Bilimi) Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi yayınları No :20 Kitaplar Serisi No:10, Tokat.Pimantal, D., 2014. Pesticides Applied for the Control of Invasive Species in the United States. Integrated Pest Management Current Concepts and Ecological Perspective.ISBN :978-0-12-398529-3, Imprint, Academic Press.Pureswaran, D. S., Gries, R., Borden, J. H., 2004. Antennal responses of four species of tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to volatiles collected from beetles, and their host and nonhost conifers. Chemoecology, 14(2): 59-66.Rice, E. L., 1974. Allelopathy. Academic Press, N. Y. Rodriguez, E., Healey, P. L., Mehta, I., 1984 (Eds). Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes. Plenum Press, N. 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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derleme Makaleler
Authors

Engin Kılıç 0000-0002-6838-5977

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

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APA Kılıç, E. (2019). ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 8(3), 14-28.
AMA Kılıç E. ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER. GBAD. December 2019;8(3):14-28.
Chicago Kılıç, Engin. “ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 8, no. 3 (December 2019): 14-28.
EndNote Kılıç E (December 1, 2019) ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 8 3 14–28.
IEEE E. Kılıç, “ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER”, GBAD, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 14–28, 2019.
ISNAD Kılıç, Engin. “ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 8/3 (December 2019), 14-28.
JAMA Kılıç E. ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER. GBAD. 2019;8:14–28.
MLA Kılıç, Engin. “ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 3, 2019, pp. 14-28.
Vancouver Kılıç E. ERZİNCAN TARIMINDA KİMYASAL PESTİSİT YERİNE İKAME EDİLEBİLECEK BİYOPESTİSİTLER. GBAD. 2019;8(3):14-28.