WAS "TEPÜK" AN ARCHAIC FORM OF SOCCER?: A STUDY ON AN 11th CENTURY TURKISH GAME
Abstract
Mahmud al Kashgari in his famous Dîvân-ı Lûgat-at Türk (a lexion of Turkish language) in the 11th centruy mentions a certain kind of game played by foot among the Turkic groups and explains the production technique of the playing object ("ball") called "tepük." According to Mahmud, the "tepük" was an object cast from lead in the shape of the spindle whorl of a distaff which was wrapped goat's hair or the like and used as a toy by boys who kick it about. In the Turkish Republic, in almost every book dealing with the history of sports, the "tepük" has been presented as the earliest form of football game among Turks, A closer examination of the matter suggests, however, that was hardly the case and the "tepük" game could not be a prototype of the contemporary football game. First of all, the playing object or the "tepük" must have been a cap-shaped disc and not spherical or "ball'-shaped at all. Second, considering the Turkish and other translations of the article "tepük" in Mahmud's Dîvân (which was written in Arabic) the goat hairs were not wrapped around the cap-shaped lead object, but actually the hairs were passed through the hole in the middle of it giving it a shape somewhat like that of a shuttlecock. As the term "tepük" was quite often mentioned in a methaphorical sense in the 11th -14the centruy Persian poetry, an analysis of some such relevant strophes reveals that that object ("tepük") was certainly not spherical in the mathematical sense of the world. This study demonstrates that the "tepük" game was almost identical or very similar to a Child's game called "tepgüç" which was recorded among East Turkestanis (Uygurs) in early 20th century. It is also suggested that, in terms both of the shape of the "ball" and the way it was played, the "tepük" was rather an archaic version of badmington in which the feet assumed the function of the rackets, than that of contemporary soccer.
Keywords
References
- Alpman, Cemal; Eğitimin Bütünlüğü İçinde Beden Eğitimi ve Çağlar Boyunca Gelişimi, İstanbul: Millî Eğitim Basımevi, 1972.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Sports Medicine
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
February 14, 1997
Submission Date
March 16, 2017
Acceptance Date
-
Published in Issue
Year 1997 Volume: 2 Number: 1