14 Yaş Altı Atletlerde Bağıl Yaş Etkisi

Öz

Son zamanlarda, Bağıl Yaş Etkisi (BYE) terimi spor bilimleri alanında popüler bir konu haline gelmiştir (Mujika ve arkadaşları, 2009; Wattie, Schorer ve Baker,2015). BYE, yılın ilk çeyreğinde doğanların fizyolojik olarak avantajını ifade eder (Delorme, Boiché ve Raspaud,2009). Bu çalışmanın amacı 2016 Türkiye Salon Atletizm Şampiyonası’na katılan 14 yaş altı (U14) atletlerde bağıl yaş etkisinin varlığını tespit etmektir. Çalışmaya toplam altı branşta yarışan 748 atlet (455 Kız, 293 Erkek) katılmıştır. Sporcuların doğum tarihlerine ait bilgiler erişime açık olan Türkiye Atletizm Federasyonu (TAF) ağ sayfasından alınmıştır. Müsabakaya katılan atletlerin doğum tarihleri Çeyrek (Ç) ve Yarım (Y) dönemler olacak şekilde bölümlere ayrılmıştır. Ç1 (Ocak, Şubat, Mart), Ç2 (Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran), Ç3 (Temmuz, Ağustos, Eylül), Ç4 (Ekim, Kasım, Aralık) ve Y1 (Ocak, Şubat, Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran), Y2 (Temmuz, Ağustos, Eylül, Ekim, Kasım, Aralık) aylarını kapsamaktadır. Ayrıca finalde yarışma hakkı kazanan atletlerin doğum tarihleri çeyrek dönem olacak şekilde incelenmiştir. Veriler SPSS 24 serisi Ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Anlamlılık derecesi p=0,05 kabul edilmiştir. Yılı çeyrek ve yarım dilimlere ayırmak suretiyle yapılan değerlendirme sonucu müsabakaya katılan atletlerin dağılımlarında sayısal olarak ilk çeyrek ve ilk yarım dilimlerde istatiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fazlalık tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yılın ilk çeyreğinde doğmuş olan kız ve erkek atletlerin finale katılım oranlarının daha fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları 14 yaş altı atletlerde BYE’nin varlığını açık şekilde göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağıl yaş etkisi,Atletizm,Doğum tarihi,Yetenek seçimi

Relative Age Effect on U14 Track and Field Athletes

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to identify the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) on Turkish U14 athletes in 2016 U14 Turkish Indoor T&F Championship. The sample included 748 U14 athletes (455 girls, 293 boys) who were participated to championship in six events. Data was collected by the official web page of Turkish Athletic Federation (TAF). The birth dates of all athletes were divided into Quarters (Q) and Halves (H). Q1 (January, February, March), Q2 (April, May, June), Q3 (July, August, September), Q4 (October, November, December) and H1 (from January to June), H2 (from July to December). Additionally, athletes who were participated finals were divided into Quarters. To analyze the birth distribution of the athletes by Quarter and Halve we used Chi-square test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 series of chi-square tests. Statistical significance level was set at 0,05. Results has shown statistical differences in the distribution for the girls and boys population who born in the first Quarter (Q1) and first Halve (H1) of the year. Moreover, it was observed that male and female athletes who were born in the first quarter (Q1) had a higher participation rate to the finals. Findings of this study has shown an exact influence of RAE on U14 Track and Field athletes. Coaches, parents and federations should consider RAE in the selection phase of the athletes. 

Keywords

• Relative age effect,Athletics,Birth date,Talent selection

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