Research Article
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Teknoloji ve Güvenlik İlişkisi Bağlamında Yapay Zekânın İstihbarat Analizindeki Önemi

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 24 - 48, 25.06.2020

Abstract

Yapay zekâ teknolojisindeki gelişmeler son elli yıldaki teknolojik gelişmelerin hem bir parçası hem de bir sonucu olmuştur. Bilgi teknolojilerindeki hızlı değişim ve dönüşüm bugün dünya üzerindeki tüm ilişkileri derinden sarsmıştır. Makine öğrenimi gibi bilgi teknolojilerindeki çığır açan teknolojik ilerlemeler iş dünyasını etkilediği gibi devlet kurum ve kuruluşlarını da büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. İnsanların yapabildikleri görevleri yapma hedefiyle geliştirilen yapay zekâ teknolojisi, insan zekâsının hâkim olduğu güvenlik ve istihbarat alanlarına da girmiş durumdadır. Dolayısıyla yaşamın her alanında olduğu gibi istihbarat toplama ve üretme de otomatikleşmeye başlayacaktır. Bu durum birçok açıdan fırsatlar sunduğu gibi tehlikeler ve tehditler de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, teknoloji ve güvenlik ilişkisi bağlamında yapay zekânın istihbarat alanında kullanımını ve önemini bu alana ilgi duyan okuyuculara tanıtmaktır. Bu çalışmada nitel ve yorumlayıcı araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada teknoloji ve güvenlik ilişkisi bağlamında yapay zekâ kavramı tarihsel süreç içerisinde ele alınmış ve günümüz istihbarat analizinde kullanım imkânları değerlendirilmiştir. Yapay zekânın günümüz istihbaratında kullanım imkânları ise “istihbarat mühendisliği” adında yeni bir meslek kolu önerisiyle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

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  • Institutefor Security & Development Policy, (2018) Made in China, https://isdp.eu/content/uploads/2018/06/Made-in-China-Backgrounder.pdf
  • Küçükbaş, H. (2015), Bilgi Yönetimi Yaklaşımlarındaki Değişimin İstihbarat Analizine Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Harp Akademileri, Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü.
  • Landon-Murray, M. (2011), “SocialScienceAndIntelligence Analysis: The Role Of IntelligenceEducation”, Journal Of Applied Security Research, C.6, S.4, s.491-528, DOI:10.1080/19361610.2011.604020.
  • LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y. ve Hinton, G. (2015). “Deep Learning”. Nature, C.521, S.7553, s.436.
  • Len, S. ve Peter, J. (2004), “TheStudy of Intelligence in TheoryandPractice”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.19, S.2, s.139-169, DOI: 10.1080/0268452042000302930. Lim, K. (2016), “Big Data and Strategic Intelligence”,IntelligenceandNational Security, C.31, S.4, s.624-625, DOI: 10.1080/02684527.2015.1062321.
  • Marrin, S. (2009), “Training andEducating U.S. IntelligenceAnalysts”, International Journal of IntelligenceandCounterIntelligence, C.22, S.1, s. 131-146, DOI:10.1080/08850600802486986
  • Marrin, S. ve Clemente, J. D. (2005). Improvingintelligenceanalysisbylookingtothemedicalprofession. International Journal of IntelligenceandCounterIntelligence, C.18, S.4, s.707-729.
  • McCarthy, J. (1988), “Mathematical Logic in ArtificialIntelligence”, Daedalus, s.297-311, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025149.
  • Moral Machine (2019). http://moralmachine.mit.edu/ (E.T: 08.09.2019).
  • Motherbord, (2014). The CIA Used Artificial Intelligence to Interrogate Its Own Agents in the 80shttps://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkvz85/the-cia-used-artificial-intelligence-to-interrogate-its-own-agents-in-the-80s
  • Nolan, P. (2012), “A Curator Approach to Intelligence Analysis”, International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, C.25, S.4, s.786-794, DOI:10.1080/08850607.2012.678698.
  • Observer, (2015). Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates Warn About Artificial Intelligence https://observer.com/2015/08/stephen-hawking-elon-musk-and-bill-gates-warn-about-artificial-intelligence/
  • Odom, W. E. (2008),“Intelligence Analysis”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.23, S.3,s.316-332, DOI: 10.1080/02684520802121216.
  • Regens, J. (2019), “Augmenting Human Cognition To Enhance Strategic, Operational, AndTactical Intelligence”, Intelligence and National Security, DOI:10.1080/02684527.2019.1579410.
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  • Savaş, S., Topaloğlu, N., Yılmaz, M. (2012) Veri Madenciliği ve Türkiye’deki Uygulama Örnekleri, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt:11, sayı: 21, s.1-23
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  • Selmer, B. ve Sundar, G. N. (2018), “Artificial Intelligence”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/artificial-intelligence (E.T. 12.12.2018).
  • Sencer, M. (1981),Yöntembilim Terimleri Sözlüğü, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Shannon, C. E., McCarthy, J. ve Ashby, W. R. (1956),Automatastudies.
  • Stark, L. ve Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2019), “Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Canada”, The Canadian Encyclopedia, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/artificial-intelligence. (E.T. 12.03.2019).
  • Symon, P. B. ve Tarapore, A. (2015), “Defense Intelligence Analysis in The Age Of Big Data”. Joint Forces Quarterly, C.79,s.4-11.
  • Şeker, A., Diri, B., Balık, H, H. (2017). Derin Öğrenme Yöntemleri ve Uygulamaları Hakkında Bir İnceleme, Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (3), s. 47-64
  • Teitelbaum, L. (2005), “The Impact of the Information Revolution on Policymakers Use of Intelligence Analysis”, RAND, s.23,https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a437137.pdf (E.T. 21.05.2019).
  • Tenanbaum, J. (2018), “MIT AGI: Building machines that see, learn, and think like people,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ROelYvo8f0 adresinden erişilmiştir. (E.T: 14.03.2019)
  • Thorndike, E. L. (1932),The fundamentals of learning.
  • Topal, Ç. (2017), “Alan Turing'in Toplumbilimsel Düşünü: Toplumsal Bir Düş Olarak Yapay Zekâ”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, C.57, S.2, http://dtcfdergisi.ankara.edu.tr/index.php/dtcf/article/view/2020/3703 (E.T. 25.03.2019).
  • Towards Data Sicence (2019). https://towardsdatascience.com/the-top-upcoming-ai-conferences-in-2019-3c3eb6f4c515 .
  • TRT Haber İnternet Sitesi, “Yapay zeka ve Robotlaşma İnsanlığın Sonu mu Geliyor?” https://www.trthaber.com/haber/bilim-teknoloji/yapay-zeka-ve-robotlasma-insanligin-sonu-mu-geliyor-326713.html (E.T:25.03.2019).
  • World Internet Usage And Populatıon Statıstıcs, (2020). https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
  • Yalantis, (2019). 5Promising Chatbot Apps Powered byArtificialIntellegencehttps://yalantis.com/blog/five-best-ai-powered-chatbot-apps/
  • Yeh, F. P. (2015). “The Case for Using Robots in Intelligence Analysis”,Studies in Intelligence ,C.59, S.4, s.1-8.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2017). Uluslararası Güvenlik Teori, Pratik ve Gelecek, Kaynak Yayınları: Ankara.
Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 24 - 48, 25.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • A DigitalScrum Master at Work, (2018), https://blog.standuply.com/200-ai-ml-conferences-in-2018-eec7d0a50bcf
  • Aaron, B. (2018)“Wheneverythingbecomesintelligence: machinelearningandtheconnectedworld”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.33, S.4, s.562-573.
  • Allen, G. ve Chan,T. (2017), “Artificialintelligenceandnationalsecurity”, MA: Belfer Center forScienceand International Affairs,
  • Altun, T., Şahin, F. ve Öztaş, N. (2017), “Kamu Politikalarının Belirlenmesi ve Uygulanmasında Büyük Veri”. Suleyman Demirel UniversityJournal Of Faculty Of Economics&AdministrativeSciences, C.22.
  • Angus, G. ve Braisby, N. (2012), CognitivePsychology, Oxford. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=678071&lang=tr&site=eds-live&authtype=ip,uid. (E.T: 14.04.2019).
  • Arpad, P. (2015), “BridgingtheGapbetween Collection andAnalysis:Intelligence Information Processingand Data Governance”, International Journal of Intelligenceand Counter Intelligence, C.28, S.2, s.365-376.
  • Ashby, W. R. (1956), In CE Shannonand J. McCarthy (Eds.), “AutomataStudies”, Science, 166, s.763-764.
  • Atalay, M. ve Çelik, E. (2017). Büyük Veri Analizinde Yapay Zekâ Ve Makine Öğrenmesi Uygulamaları, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Cilt: 9, sayı: 22, s. 155-172.
  • Biegel, B. ve Kurose, J. (2016), “TheNationalArtificialIntelligenceResearchand Development Strategic Plan”, s.14 https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf (E.T.21.03.2019).
  • Biegel, B. ve Kurose, J. (2016), “TheNationalArtificialIntelligenceResearchand Development Strategic Plan”, s.14, https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national_ai_rd_strategic_plan.pdf (E.T: 21.03.2019).
  • Bonnefon, J.F., Shariff, A. ve Rahwan, I. (2016), “Thesocial dilemma of autonomousvehicles”, Science, C. 352, S. 6293,s.1573-1576.
  • Brundage, M., Avin, S., Clark, J., Toner, H., Eckersley, P., Garfinkel, B., ... &Anderson, H. (2018),Themalicioususe of artificialintelligence: Forecasting, prevention, andmitigation, arXivpreprint arXiv:1802.07228, s.9.
  • Büyük Veri (Big Data). (2020). Big Data (Büyük Veri) Nedir? https://proente.com/big-data-buyuk-veri-nedir/ (E.T: 18.05.2020)
  • Copeland, (2019), “ArtificialIntelligence”, EncyclopædiaBritannica, https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence, (E.T.15.03.2019).
  • Cummings, M. (2017), “Artificialintelligenceandthefuture of warfare”. Chatham House fortheRoyalInstitute of International Affairs, https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications /research/2017-01-26-artificial-intelligence-future-warfare-cummings.pdf (E.T.12.12.2018).
  • Degaut, M. (2016), “SpiesandPolicymakers: Intelligence in the Information Age”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.31, S.4,s.509-531.
  • Dreyfus, H. (1972),Whatcomputerscan't do: Thelimits of artificial intelligencehttps://archive.org/stream/whatcomputerscan017504mbp/whatcomputerscan017504mbp_djvu.txt.
  • Dupont, A. (2003). “IntelligencefortheTwenty-First Century”,IntelligenceandNational Security, C.18, S.4, s.15-39.
  • Foot, P. (1967), “The problem of abortionandthedoctrine of doubleeffect”, s.51-15, https://philpapers.org/archive/footpo-2.pdf (E.T. 22.03.2019).
  • Forbes. (2018). ChatbotsAre Killing Customer Service. Here's Why.,https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherelliott/2018/08/27/chatbots-are-killing-customer-service-heres-why/#3e0c962213c5
  • Foucault M. ve Chomsky, N. (2005). İnsan Doğası, İktidara Karşı Adalet: Foucault ve Chomsky Tartışıyor, (Çev. Tuncay Birkan), İstanbul: Bgst Yayınları. s.10.
  • Foucault, M. ve Chomsky, N. “İnsan Doğası Üzerine”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ GHTXsER1zE (E.T: 12.02.2019).
  • Frey, C. ve Osborne, M. (2017), “Thefuture of employment: How susceptiblearejobstocomputerisation?”, TechnologicalForecastingandSocialChange, C.114, s.254-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162516302244), (E.T. 13.03.2019).
  • Hare, N. ve Coghill, P. (2016), “Thefuture of theintelligenceanalysistask”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.31, S.6, s.858-870.
  • Hassan, G. A. “Banu Musa, TheFounders of Automatic Control in the 9th Century.”, CairoUniversity Conference on Mechanical Design andProduction, s.2 http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/sites/default/files/galal/files/banu-musa_control.pdf (E.T. 15.03.2019).
  • Heuer, R. (1999), Psychology of Intelligence Analysis, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/ a500078.pdf. http://turkiye.ai .
  • Hume, D. (1999). An enquiryconcerninghumanunderstanding. 1748. Classics of Western Philosophy, 763-828.
  • Institutefor Security & Development Policy, (2018) Made in China, https://isdp.eu/content/uploads/2018/06/Made-in-China-Backgrounder.pdf
  • Küçükbaş, H. (2015), Bilgi Yönetimi Yaklaşımlarındaki Değişimin İstihbarat Analizine Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Harp Akademileri, Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü.
  • Landon-Murray, M. (2011), “SocialScienceAndIntelligence Analysis: The Role Of IntelligenceEducation”, Journal Of Applied Security Research, C.6, S.4, s.491-528, DOI:10.1080/19361610.2011.604020.
  • LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y. ve Hinton, G. (2015). “Deep Learning”. Nature, C.521, S.7553, s.436.
  • Len, S. ve Peter, J. (2004), “TheStudy of Intelligence in TheoryandPractice”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.19, S.2, s.139-169, DOI: 10.1080/0268452042000302930. Lim, K. (2016), “Big Data and Strategic Intelligence”,IntelligenceandNational Security, C.31, S.4, s.624-625, DOI: 10.1080/02684527.2015.1062321.
  • Marrin, S. (2009), “Training andEducating U.S. IntelligenceAnalysts”, International Journal of IntelligenceandCounterIntelligence, C.22, S.1, s. 131-146, DOI:10.1080/08850600802486986
  • Marrin, S. ve Clemente, J. D. (2005). Improvingintelligenceanalysisbylookingtothemedicalprofession. International Journal of IntelligenceandCounterIntelligence, C.18, S.4, s.707-729.
  • McCarthy, J. (1988), “Mathematical Logic in ArtificialIntelligence”, Daedalus, s.297-311, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025149.
  • Moral Machine (2019). http://moralmachine.mit.edu/ (E.T: 08.09.2019).
  • Motherbord, (2014). The CIA Used Artificial Intelligence to Interrogate Its Own Agents in the 80shttps://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkvz85/the-cia-used-artificial-intelligence-to-interrogate-its-own-agents-in-the-80s
  • Nolan, P. (2012), “A Curator Approach to Intelligence Analysis”, International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, C.25, S.4, s.786-794, DOI:10.1080/08850607.2012.678698.
  • Observer, (2015). Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates Warn About Artificial Intelligence https://observer.com/2015/08/stephen-hawking-elon-musk-and-bill-gates-warn-about-artificial-intelligence/
  • Odom, W. E. (2008),“Intelligence Analysis”, IntelligenceandNational Security, C.23, S.3,s.316-332, DOI: 10.1080/02684520802121216.
  • Regens, J. (2019), “Augmenting Human Cognition To Enhance Strategic, Operational, AndTactical Intelligence”, Intelligence and National Security, DOI:10.1080/02684527.2019.1579410.
  • Russell, S. J. ve Norvig, P. (2010),ArtificialIntelligence-A Modern Approach (3rd internat. edn.).
  • Savaş, S., Topaloğlu, N., Yılmaz, M. (2012) Veri Madenciliği ve Türkiye’deki Uygulama Örnekleri, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt:11, sayı: 21, s.1-23
  • Say, C. (2018), 50 Soruda Yapay Zekâ, Bilim ve Gelecek Yayınevi.
  • Selmer, B. ve Sundar, G. N. (2018), “Artificial Intelligence”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/artificial-intelligence (E.T. 12.12.2018).
  • Sencer, M. (1981),Yöntembilim Terimleri Sözlüğü, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Shannon, C. E., McCarthy, J. ve Ashby, W. R. (1956),Automatastudies.
  • Stark, L. ve Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2019), “Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Canada”, The Canadian Encyclopedia, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/artificial-intelligence. (E.T. 12.03.2019).
  • Symon, P. B. ve Tarapore, A. (2015), “Defense Intelligence Analysis in The Age Of Big Data”. Joint Forces Quarterly, C.79,s.4-11.
  • Şeker, A., Diri, B., Balık, H, H. (2017). Derin Öğrenme Yöntemleri ve Uygulamaları Hakkında Bir İnceleme, Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (3), s. 47-64
  • Teitelbaum, L. (2005), “The Impact of the Information Revolution on Policymakers Use of Intelligence Analysis”, RAND, s.23,https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a437137.pdf (E.T. 21.05.2019).
  • Tenanbaum, J. (2018), “MIT AGI: Building machines that see, learn, and think like people,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ROelYvo8f0 adresinden erişilmiştir. (E.T: 14.03.2019)
  • Thorndike, E. L. (1932),The fundamentals of learning.
  • Topal, Ç. (2017), “Alan Turing'in Toplumbilimsel Düşünü: Toplumsal Bir Düş Olarak Yapay Zekâ”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, C.57, S.2, http://dtcfdergisi.ankara.edu.tr/index.php/dtcf/article/view/2020/3703 (E.T. 25.03.2019).
  • Towards Data Sicence (2019). https://towardsdatascience.com/the-top-upcoming-ai-conferences-in-2019-3c3eb6f4c515 .
  • TRT Haber İnternet Sitesi, “Yapay zeka ve Robotlaşma İnsanlığın Sonu mu Geliyor?” https://www.trthaber.com/haber/bilim-teknoloji/yapay-zeka-ve-robotlasma-insanligin-sonu-mu-geliyor-326713.html (E.T:25.03.2019).
  • World Internet Usage And Populatıon Statıstıcs, (2020). https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
  • Yalantis, (2019). 5Promising Chatbot Apps Powered byArtificialIntellegencehttps://yalantis.com/blog/five-best-ai-powered-chatbot-apps/
  • Yeh, F. P. (2015). “The Case for Using Robots in Intelligence Analysis”,Studies in Intelligence ,C.59, S.4, s.1-8.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2017). Uluslararası Güvenlik Teori, Pratik ve Gelecek, Kaynak Yayınları: Ankara.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Y. Furkan Şen 0000-0001-7767-0203

Doğanay Yurtoğlu 0000-0003-4236-2045

Publication Date June 25, 2020
Submission Date May 19, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şen, Y. F., & Yurtoğlu, D. (2020). Teknoloji ve Güvenlik İlişkisi Bağlamında Yapay Zekânın İstihbarat Analizindeki Önemi. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 24-48.