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Kuzey Afrika'nın Güvenlik Sorunlarının Çözümünde Bölgesel Örgütlerin Etkinliği: Libya İç Savaşı (2011-2022)

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 197 - 210, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1148046

Abstract

Uluslararası rekabet alanları ve güç kapasitesinin oluşumları incelendiğinde, Kuzey Afrika bölgesinin uluslararası çatışmaların merkezinde yer aldığı ve küresel rekabetin etkileriyle yeniden dizayn edildiği görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Libya gibi Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika ülkelerini kasıp kavuran iç savaşlar, Arap rejimlerinin ve kurumsal sistemleri çok zayıf olan otokratik hükümetlerin ani gelişen halk hareketlerine karşı savunmasız olduğu gerçeğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ülke, Kaddafi rejiminin çöküşünden bu yana ciddi bir siyasi istikrarsızlığa ve sivil kargaşaya sürüklenmiştir. 2014 yılında ikinci Libya iç savaşı olarak da adlandırılan çok taraflı iç savaşın başlamasının ardından Libya, doğu ve batı hükümetleri olarak ikiye bölünmüştür. Buna ek olarak, Afrika Birliği ve Arap Birliği’nin kendi sorumluluk alanlarında meydana gelen krizlere etkin bir şekilde yanıt verecek kapasiteye sahip olmadıkları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bölgesel örgütlerin Libya'nın güvenlik sorunlarının çözümünde ne kadar etkili oldukları hususu incelenerek mevcut durum ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte, çatışma yönetimi kapasitelerini geliştirmek için uygulanabilir stratejilerin gerekliliği hakkında bir değerlendirme de sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Abdulhakim, A. (2020). Arap Birliği’nin Nahda Barajı ve Libya krizlerine yönelik pozisyonu, IndependentTürkçe, Retrieved from https://www.indyturk.com/node/205076/dünya/arap- birliğinin-nahda barajı-ve-libya-krizlerine-yönelik-pozisyonu
  • Adams, S. (2012). Libya and the responsibility to protect, Global Center for the R2P, Occasional Paper Series, No: 3.
  • Africa Development Report (2011). Retrieved from https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/ documents/ publications/ african_development_report_2011.pdf
  • Ataman, M. & Karaduman, M.A. (2020). BAE ve Suudi Arabistan’ın Libya Krizine Müdahalesi, Halkın İradesine Darbe Siyaseti, SETA Yayınları, Sayı 308. AU PSC Communique of 261st Meeting of the Peace and Security Council, Addis Ababa, (22.02.2011). Retrieved from https://www.peaceau.org/en/article/communique-of-the-261st- meeting-of-the- peace-and-security-council
  • Charter of the Arab League, Retrieved from https:// www. Files .ethz. ch/ isn/ 125350/ 8005_arableaguecharter.pdf Fawcett, L. (2004). Exploring Regional Domains: A Comparative History of Regionalism, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 429-446
  • Fraihat, I. (2016). Unfinished revolutions Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring. New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press.
  • G. O’Neil W. & Cassis, V. (2005). Protecting two Million Internally Displaced: The Success and Shortcomings of the African Union in Darfur, pp. Brookings Report, pp. 1-72
  • International Colloquium Report (2012). ‘’The African Union at Ten: Problems, Progress and Prospects’’. Berlin, Germany, 30-31 August Jeng, A. (2010) ‘’Enforcing the African Union peace and security framework in Burundi’’, Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution, 2(8): pp.116-128
  • Joseph Nye, International regionalism (Boston: Little, Brown, I968).
  • Kasaija, (2013). The African Union (AU), the Libya Crisis and the notion of ‘African solutions to African problems’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies 31(1)
  • McGrew, A., & Held, D. (1998). 'The End of the Old Order? Globalization and the Prospects for World Order', Review of International Studies, pp. 219-243. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi, (2022). Retrieved from https:// www. orsam. org.tr /tr/arama/hucre _ 1 = libya &hucre_2=libya
  • Reuters, Factbox, (2011). Libya's tribal, cultural divisions, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-tribes-
  • Simon, M. & Farquhar, M.N. (2011). ‘’Hague court seeks warrants for Libyan officials.’’ New York Times, Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/world/africa.
  • Stephen, C. (2014). War in Libya-the Guardian briefing, Retrieved from https:// www. The guardian. com/ world/2014/aug/29/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya
  • Turan P.A., (2010), Avrupa Birliği Güvenlik Aktörü Olmaya Ne Kadar Yakın? Bilge Strateji, Cilt:2, Sayı 3.
  • UN, Security Council SC/12185, 7598th Meeting, (23 December 2015). Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2259, Security Council Welcomes Signing of Libyan Political Agreement on New Government for Strife-Torn Country, Retrieved from https://www. un.Org/press en/2015/sc12185.doc.htm.
  • World Report, (2011). Libya: Governments Should Demand End to Unlawful Killings Death Toll Up to at Least 233 Over Four Days, Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/02/20/libya-governments-should-demand-end- unlawful- killings

Effectiveness of Regional Organisations in Solving Security Problems of North Africa: The Libyan Civil War (2011-2022)

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 197 - 210, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1148046

Abstract

When the international competition areas and formations of power projections are examined, it is seen that the North Africa region is at the center of international conflicts and is being redesigned by the effects of the global rivalry. Besides, the civil wars that swept through and shattered the Middle East and North African countries such as Libya have demonstrated the reality that the Arab regimes and autocratic governments with very weak institutional systems are vulnerable to sudden popular events. The country has been slided into a serious political instability and civil turmoil ever since the collapse of the Gaddafi regime. After the begining of the multi-sided civil war in 2014, which is also called the second Libyan civil war, Libya has been divided into two parts as the eastern and western governments. It is also seen that the African Union and the Arab League don’t have enough capacity to respond effectively to the crises that occurred in their area of responsibility. In this study, the current situation has been revealed by examining how effective the regional organizations are in solving security problems of Libya. In addition to this, an evaluation is also presented about the necessity of viable strategies for developing their conflict management capacities.

References

  • Abdulhakim, A. (2020). Arap Birliği’nin Nahda Barajı ve Libya krizlerine yönelik pozisyonu, IndependentTürkçe, Retrieved from https://www.indyturk.com/node/205076/dünya/arap- birliğinin-nahda barajı-ve-libya-krizlerine-yönelik-pozisyonu
  • Adams, S. (2012). Libya and the responsibility to protect, Global Center for the R2P, Occasional Paper Series, No: 3.
  • Africa Development Report (2011). Retrieved from https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/ documents/ publications/ african_development_report_2011.pdf
  • Ataman, M. & Karaduman, M.A. (2020). BAE ve Suudi Arabistan’ın Libya Krizine Müdahalesi, Halkın İradesine Darbe Siyaseti, SETA Yayınları, Sayı 308. AU PSC Communique of 261st Meeting of the Peace and Security Council, Addis Ababa, (22.02.2011). Retrieved from https://www.peaceau.org/en/article/communique-of-the-261st- meeting-of-the- peace-and-security-council
  • Charter of the Arab League, Retrieved from https:// www. Files .ethz. ch/ isn/ 125350/ 8005_arableaguecharter.pdf Fawcett, L. (2004). Exploring Regional Domains: A Comparative History of Regionalism, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 429-446
  • Fraihat, I. (2016). Unfinished revolutions Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring. New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press.
  • G. O’Neil W. & Cassis, V. (2005). Protecting two Million Internally Displaced: The Success and Shortcomings of the African Union in Darfur, pp. Brookings Report, pp. 1-72
  • International Colloquium Report (2012). ‘’The African Union at Ten: Problems, Progress and Prospects’’. Berlin, Germany, 30-31 August Jeng, A. (2010) ‘’Enforcing the African Union peace and security framework in Burundi’’, Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution, 2(8): pp.116-128
  • Joseph Nye, International regionalism (Boston: Little, Brown, I968).
  • Kasaija, (2013). The African Union (AU), the Libya Crisis and the notion of ‘African solutions to African problems’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies 31(1)
  • McGrew, A., & Held, D. (1998). 'The End of the Old Order? Globalization and the Prospects for World Order', Review of International Studies, pp. 219-243. Ortadoğu Araştırmaları Merkezi, (2022). Retrieved from https:// www. orsam. org.tr /tr/arama/hucre _ 1 = libya &hucre_2=libya
  • Reuters, Factbox, (2011). Libya's tribal, cultural divisions, Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-tribes-
  • Simon, M. & Farquhar, M.N. (2011). ‘’Hague court seeks warrants for Libyan officials.’’ New York Times, Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/world/africa.
  • Stephen, C. (2014). War in Libya-the Guardian briefing, Retrieved from https:// www. The guardian. com/ world/2014/aug/29/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya
  • Turan P.A., (2010), Avrupa Birliği Güvenlik Aktörü Olmaya Ne Kadar Yakın? Bilge Strateji, Cilt:2, Sayı 3.
  • UN, Security Council SC/12185, 7598th Meeting, (23 December 2015). Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2259, Security Council Welcomes Signing of Libyan Political Agreement on New Government for Strife-Torn Country, Retrieved from https://www. un.Org/press en/2015/sc12185.doc.htm.
  • World Report, (2011). Libya: Governments Should Demand End to Unlawful Killings Death Toll Up to at Least 233 Over Four Days, Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/02/20/libya-governments-should-demand-end- unlawful- killings
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hüsnü Mısırlı 0000-0002-6054-112X

Duygu Dersan Orhan 0000-0002-0618-1530

Publication Date December 29, 2022
Submission Date July 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mısırlı, H., & Dersan Orhan, D. (2022). Effectiveness of Regional Organisations in Solving Security Problems of North Africa: The Libyan Civil War (2011-2022). Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 24(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1148046

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