Factors Affecting Development of the Biological Sciences in England

Abstract

The focus of this work is to provide a general overview of the slower development of biological sciences compared with that of physics and chemistry and to reveal what kind of events affected this development positively and negatively. The literature reveals that some factors positively affected the development of the biological sciences in school curriculum. These are: a) the realization of the importance of biology knowledge for the general health and productivity of society, b) understanding the economic value of biology knowledge and the necessity of the application of biology as a science in agriculture and food production. c) the requirement of a more general inclusion of biology into school curriculum for medical schools, d) the consideration of biology knowledge as an instrument to develop the responsibilities of citizenship. On the other hand, in the literature some factors led to obsBiyoloji bilimleri, biyolojinin gelişimi, fen bilimleri.Biological sciences, development of biology, sciences. Tam Metin

Keywords

• Biological sciences, development of biology, sciences.

İngiltere de Biyoloji Bilimlerinin Gelişimini Etkileyen Faktörler

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, fizik ve kimya bilimleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, okullarda biyoloji bilimlerinin daha yavaş yer edinmesinin ve gelişmesinin nedenlerini araştırmak ve bu gelişimi olumlu veya olumsuz bir şekilde ne gibi olayların etkilediğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Biyoloji bilimlerinin okul programlarında gelişimini bazı faktörler olumlu şekilde etkilemiştir. Bunlar: a) Toplumun genel sağlığı ve verimliliğinin artması ile ilgili olarak biyoloji bilgisinin öneminin anlaşılması. b) Ürünlerden daha iyi verim alabilmek için biyoloji bilgisinin uygulanmasının gerekliliğini ve biyoloji bilgisinin ekonomik yönden değerini anlama. c) Tıp okullarının öğrencilerin yüksek öğretime ön biyoloji eğitimi almış olarak gelmelerini sağlamak için yaptığı baskı. d) Biyoloji bilgisinin vatandaşlık sorumluluklarının geliştirilmesinde bir araçThe focus of this work is to provide a general overview of the slower development of biological sciences compared with that of physics and chemistry and to reveal what kind of events affected this development positively and negatively. The literature reveals that some factors positively affected the development of the biological sciences in school curriculum. These are: a) the realization of the importance of biology knowledge for the general health and productivity of society, b) understanding the economic value of biology knowledge and the necessity of the application of biology as a science in agriculture and food production. c) the requirement of a more general inclusion of biology into school curriculum for medical schools, d) the consideration of biology knowledge as an instrument to develop the responsibilities of citizenship. On the other hand, in the literature some factors led to obsBiyoloji bilimleri, biyolojinin gelişimi, fen bilimleri.Biological sciences, development of biology, sciences. Tam Metin

Keywords

• Biyoloji bilimleri, biyolojinin gelişimi, fen bilimleri.

References

1. Bremner, J. (1956) The Pioneer of Physiology Teaching in British Schools. School Science Review, 38, 48-52.
2. Bremner, J. (1957) Some Developments in Teaching Zoology in Schools in the Nineteenth Century, School Science Review, 39, 70-77.
3. Brimble, L.J.F. (1942) Biology as a Social Science. SchoolSscience Review, 23, 340- 341.
4. Brown, E.S. (1953) Zoology in the Schools, 1851-1951, School Science Review, 35, 72- 86.
5. Crawthorne, H. (1930) Biology and the Science Syllabus, School Science Review, 12, 55-61.
6. Crowther, J. G. (1933) Biology in Education, London: Heineman Ltd.
7. Farmer, J. B. (1924) Biology in Relation to Career, School Science Review, 6, 73-78.
8. Fitzclarence, L., Giroux, H. (1984) The Paradox of Power in Educational Theory and Practice, Language Arts, 61(5), 462-477.

9. Green, T. L. (1949) The Teaching and Learning of Biology, 12-14.
10. Hatfield, E. J. (1935) School Examinations Surveyed, Journal of Education, 7, 69-71.
11. Jenkins, E. W. (1990) History of Science in British Schools: Retrospect and Prospect, International Journal of Science Education, 21 (4), 274-281.
12. Jenkins, E. W. (1989) Processes in Science Education: An historical Perspective, J. Wellington (Editör), Skills and Processes in Science Education, (26-27), Kent: Mackays of Chatmam PLC.
13. Jenkins EW. (1979) From Armstrong To Nuffield, Studies in Twentieth Century Science Education in England and Wales, London: Cox & Wyman Ltd, UK.
14. Layton D. (1973) Science for the People, The Origins of the School Science Curriculum in England. London: George Allen-Unwin Ltd.
15. Mander F. (1933) The Teacher’s Contribution, J.G. Crowther (Editor), Biology in Education, London: Heinemann Ltd.
16. Thomas, H. M. (1975) Biology and Human Affairs, The British Social Biology Council, 40, 53-61.