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The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries)
Abstract
This article examines the early development of Qurʾānic exegesis in the Indian subcontinent through the reception and circulation of classical Arabic tafsīr literature rather than through locally authored exegetical works. Focusing on the twelfth to fourteenth centuries and centering on Shāfiʿī scholarly networks, the study offers a narrowly defined, text-oriented perspective on the history of Qurʾānic studies in South Asia. It challenges approaches that emphasize early localization or the emergence of distinct regional tafsīr traditions, arguing instead that early engagement with the Qurʾān in the Indian subcontinent was mediated primarily through authoritative Arabic exegetical texts. The article investigates how major classical commentators such as al-Ṭabarī, al-Zamakhsharī, al-Baghawī, and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī were known, read, and taught in early Indian Muslim scholarly circles. Particular attention is paid to the transregional routes linking Yemen, the Hijaz, Iran, and the Indian subcontinent, through which Shāfiʿī scholars traveled, studied, and transmitted Qurʾānic knowledge. These scholarly itineraries facilitated the reception of tafsīr as part of a broader curriculum of Islamic sciences, embedded within madrasa instruction and oral teaching practices. The study argues that tafsīr activity in early India was characterized less by independent authorship than by modes of transmission such as textual reading, commentary, glossing, and oral exposition. Arabic remained the dominant scholarly language of Qurʾānic exegesis during this period, preceding the later flourishing of Persian and vernacular tafsīr literature. This highlights the intellectual integration of Indian Muslim scholars into wider Islamic scholarly ecologies rather than their marginality or isolation. Drawing on biographical dictionaries, travel narratives, early educational records, and modern historiography, the article situates the Indian subcontinent within the transregional history of Qurʾānic interpretation. It contends that the early reception of Arabic tafsīr through Shāfiʿī networks played a foundational role in shaping later exegetical traditions in South Asia. By reframing the beginnings of tafsīr in India as a process of reception and transmission rather than local production, the article contributes to a more interconnected and global understanding of the history of Qurʾānic exegesis.
Keywords
References
- Afsaruddin, Asma. “Islamic Learning in South Asia.” In The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 4, edited by Robert Irwin, 410–438. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
- Ahmed, Shahab. What Is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.
- Brown, Jonathan A. C. Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oxford: Oneworld, 2009.
- Brown, Jonathan A. C. The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
- Cook, Michael. Early Muslim Dogma: A Source-Critical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
- Ephrat, Daphna. A Learned Society in a Period of Transition: The Sunni ʿUlamaʾ of Eleventh Century Baghdad. Albany: SUNY Press, 2000.
- Gilliot, Claude. “Exegesis of the Qurʾān: Classical and Medieval.” In Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, edited by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, 1:99–124. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
- Griffel, Frank. Al-Ghazālī’s Philosophical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Tafsir
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
April 18, 2026
Submission Date
December 13, 2025
Acceptance Date
April 13, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1
APA
Thottupurath, S. (2026). The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries). Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi, 7(1), 380-395. https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM
AMA
1.Thottupurath S. The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries). Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi. 2026;7(1):380-395. https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM
Chicago
Thottupurath, Suhair. 2026. “The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries)”. Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi 7 (1): 380-95. https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM.
EndNote
Thottupurath S (April 1, 2026) The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries). Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi 7 1 380–395.
IEEE
[1]S. Thottupurath, “The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries)”, Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 380–395, Apr. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM
ISNAD
Thottupurath, Suhair. “The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries)”. Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi 7/1 (April 1, 2026): 380-395. https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM.
JAMA
1.Thottupurath S. The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries). Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi. 2026;7:380–395.
MLA
Thottupurath, Suhair. “The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries)”. Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 380-95, https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM.
Vancouver
1.Suhair Thottupurath. The Early Reception of Classical Arabic Tafsīr in the Indian Subcontinent: The Case of Shāfiʿī Scholarly Networks (12th–14th Centuries). Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;7(1):380-95. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA92ZE42YM