Siyasal Bilginin Kaynağı Meselesi: Seküler ve İslam Siyaset Düşüncesinin Epistemolojik Temelleri

Abstract

Modern siyaset teorileri, siyasal bilginin kaynağını insan aklı, tarihsel tecrübe ve toplumsal uzlaşma temelinde tanımlayarak seküler bir epistemolojik zeminde şekillenmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, siyaset alanını metafizik referanslardan ayırmış ve normatif düzeni rasyonel ölçütlerle temellendirmiştir. Seküler epistemoloji, modern devletin meşruiyet anlayışından hukukun üstünlüğü ve kamusal alanın sınırlarına kadar pek çok temel mesele üzerinde belirleyici olmuştur. İslam siyaset düşüncesi ise siyasal bilgiyi vahiy, akıl ve tecrübe ilişkisi içinde bütüncül ve normatif bir çerçevede ele alır. Bu yaklaşım, siyasal bilgiyi yalnızca araçsal bir bilgi türü olarak değil; ahlaki ve normatif bir muhtevaya sahip bir alan olarak kavrar. Siyaset, hukuk, ahlak ve dinî normlarla iç içe geçmiş bir faaliyet alanı olarak değerlendirilir ve siyasal meşruiyet, adalet, kamu yararı ve ahlaki sorumluluk kriterleriyle güvence altına alınır. Bu çalışma, seküler ve İslamî siyaset düşüncelerinin epistemolojik varsayımlarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz, her iki geleneğin siyasal düzeni ve otoritenin meşruiyetini temellendirme biçimindeki epistemolojik farklarını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, farklı epistemolojik zeminlerin siyasal krizler ve normatif belirsizlikler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için gelecekteki araştırmalara bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Siyasal Bilgi
• Epistemoloji
• Seküler Siyaset Teorileri
• İslam Siyaset Düşüncesi
• Siyasal Meşruiyet

The Issue of the Source of Political Knowledge: Epistemological Foundations of Secular and Islamic Political Thought

Abstract

Modern political theories have been shaped largely on a secular epistemological foundation, defining the source of political knowledge in terms of human reason, historical experience, and social consensus. This approach deliberately separates the political sphere from metaphysical references and grounds normative order in rational, worldly criteria. Secular epistemology has played a decisive role in numerous fundamental issues, ranging from the legitimacy of the modern state to the rule of law and the boundaries of the public sphere. In contrast, Islamic political thought approaches political knowledge through a holistic and normative framework that integrates revelation, reason, and experience. Within this perspective, political knowledge is not merely instrumental; it embodies moral and normative dimensions. Politics is understood as a domain intrinsically intertwined with law, ethics, and religious norms, where political legitimacy is secured through criteria such as justice, public welfare, and moral responsibility. This study aims to examine comparatively the epistemological assumptions of secular and Islamic political thought. The analysis seeks to reveal how these two traditions differ in the way they ground political order and the legitimacy of authority. Furthermore, the study provides a framework for future research on how differing epistemological foundations impact political crises and normative uncertainties.

Keywords

• Political Knowledge
• Epistemology
• Secular Political Theories
• Islamic Political Thought
• Political Legitimacy

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