An Examination of Râghıb Al-Isfahânî’s Al-Mufradât Fî Gharîb Al-Qurʾân From The Perspective of Tafsîr bî Al-Ma’thûr
Abstract
Abstract Râghib al-Isfahânî’s (d. 425/1033) al-Mufradât fî Gharîb al-Qurʾân occupies a distinguished position among the independent works devoted to the semantic analysis of Qurʾânic vocabulary within the disciplines of Arabic linguistics and Qurʾânic tafsîr. It is also regarded as one of the most celebrated and influential contributions in the intellectual history of Islam. The enduring scholarly value of the work stems primarily from its systematic examination of the lexical (lughawī), terminological (istilâh), and contextual meanings of Qurʾânic concepts, which are analyzed with remarkable erudition and methodological precision. In this work, al-Isfahânî does not merely function as a lexicographer; rather, he explores the conceptual universe of the Qurʾân in depth and, with a conscious commitment to elucidating the divine message, presents his discussions within the framework of the discipline of tafsîr. Within the Islamic scholarly tradition, al-Iṣfahânî is recognized not only as a distinguished philologist but also as an accomplished muḥaqqiq (critical scholar) whose expertise extended to the fields of ḥadîth, ethics, ḥikmah (wisdom), and kalâm (Islamic theology). In the introduction to al-Mufradât, he likens the knowledge required for understanding Qurʾânic concepts to the bricks that must first be secured before constructing a building. According to him, investigating the true meanings of Qurʾânic lexical items constitutes the essential foundation of all the Islamic religious sciences, for these expressions represent the essence and the finest eloquence of the Arabic language. Examining al-Mufradât from the perspective of tafsîr bi al-maʾsûr is of particular significance, as it makes it possible to determine the extent to which al-Iṣfahânî relied upon transmitted reports, the methodological principles governing his use of such material, the nature of the reports he transmitted, and his manner of interpreting them. Furthermore, such an investigation sheds light on the methodological framework through which he systematized the intellectual legacy of the Salaf. Al-Iṣfahânî approaches the semantic fields of Qurʾânic concepts within the holistic framework of the Qurʾân and carefully examines the nuances among their various contextual usages. In doing so, he follows a well-defined hierarchical method, interpreting the Qurʾân first through the Qurʾân itself and the Sunnah, and subsequently through the opinions and transmitted reports of the Ṣaḥâbah (Companions) and the Tâbiʿûn (Successors). Throughout this process, he extensively cites the interpretations transmitted from leading exegetical authorities such as Ibn ʿAbbâs, Ibn Masʿûd, ʿAlî b. Abî Ṭâlib, Mujâhid, and Qatâdah, thereby transforming his work into a rich repository of exegetical traditions. The fact that al-Isfahânî drew extensively upon the transmitted scholarship of eminent authorities in Arabic language and tafsīr, including Yaḥyâ b. Ziyâd al-Farrâʾ (d. 207/822), Abû Isḥâq Ibrâhîm b. al-Sarî al-Zajjâj (d. 311/923), and Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allâh b. Muslim Ibn Qutaybah al-Dînawarî (d. 276/889), further clarifies the position of al-Mufradât within the tafsîr tradition and reinforces its firmly established place within the heritage of transmitted exegesis. Al-Iṣfahânî’s extensive reliance on transmitted reports provides an important key to understanding both his exegetical methodology and his scholarly identity. Accordingly, this article aims to demonstrate that al-Mufradât is not merely a philological dictionary, but rather a substantial work of tafsîr that explicates Qurʾânic vocabulary through the linguistic heritage and transmitted knowledge of the Salaf, thereby occupying a significant place within the tradition of tafsîr bi al-maʾsûr.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Tafsir
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Zeynep Akbudak
*
Türkiye
Publication Date
October 25, 2026
Submission Date
July 28, 2026
Acceptance Date
October 17, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 2