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Çeşitli Bitki Ekstrelerinin Antibakteriyel Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 197 - 202, 01.09.2020

Abstract

Amaç: İnsanoğlu çok eski yıllardan beri bitkileri birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanmışlar ve başarılı sonuçlar almışlardır. Günümüzde birçok bitki ekstresi, özellikle Uzakdoğuda ve bizim ülkemizde birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; keçiboynuzu Ceratonia siliqua , ebegümeci Malva sylvestris , ökse otu Viscum album , sarısabır Aloe vera ve nevruz otu Linaria genistifolia bitkilerinden elde edilen ekstrelerin, antibakteriyel etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bitkiler kurutularak toz haline getirildi. Hazırlanan toz halindeki bitki örneklerinden 20 gram tartılıp 24 saat metanol ile ekstraksiyonu maserasyon yöntemi yapıldı. Bu karışım Whatman kağıdı kullanılarak süzüldü. Daha sonra rotary evaporatörde 50°C’de ekstraksiyonda kullanılan çözücü tamamen uzaklaştırıldı. Bitki ekstreleri analiz edilinceye kadar +4°C’de saklandı. Çalışmada elde edilen bitki ekstrelerinden 25 mg/mL’lik stok hazırlandı Bitki ekstrelerinin antibakteriyel etkileri beş standart suş ile Clinical ve Laboratory Standards Institute önerileri doğrultusunda minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak test edildi. Çalışmada kullanılan standart suşlar: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 idi. Stok bitki ekstraktlarının Mueller Hinton sıvı besiyeri ile son konsantrasyonu 6.25-0.05 mg/mL arası olacak şekilde mikropleytlerde dilüsyonları yapıldı. Gentamisin çalışmanın kontrolü amacıyla kullanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 4 bitki ekstresinin ilk konsantrasyonu olan 6.25 mg/mL’de, test edilen bakteri suşlarına antibakteriyel etki gösterdiği saptandı. Sadece Linaria genistifolia ekstresinin Standart E.coli suşunda MİK değeri 3.12 mg/mL olarak belirlendi.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, test edilen bitki ekstrelerinin MİK değerleri yüksek bulunmuş ve yeterli antibakteriyel etki göstermediği saptanmıştır. Aynı bitkilerin farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak tekrar antibakteriyel etkilerinin araştırılmasının uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır

References

  • Baytop T. Bitkiler İle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). Baskı, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, 1999; 357-8.
  • Kalaycıoğlu A, Öner C. Bazı bitki ekstraktsiyonlarının an- timutajenik etkilerinin Amest-Salmonella test sistemi ile araştırılması. Tr J Botany 1994;18:117-22.
  • KILIÇ Ö. Marrubium parviflorum subsp. parviflorum Bit- kisinin Yağ Asidi ve Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonu. MSU Fen Bil Derg 2018; 6:487-91.
  • Borchardt JR, Wyse DL, Sheaffer CC, et al. Antimicrobial activity of native and naturalized plants of Minnesota and Wisconsin. J Med Plants Res 2008; 2:98-110.
  • Tüney İ, Cadirci BH, Ünal D, Sukatar A. Antimicrobial ac- tivities of the extracts of marine algae from the coast of Urla (Izmir, Turkey). Turkish J Biol 2006;30:171-5.
  • Sagdic O, Karahan A, Ozcan M, Ozkan G. Note: effect of some spice extracts on bacterial inhibition. Food Sci Tech- nol In. 2003; 9:353-8.
  • Konyalıoğlu S. Et kalitesi üzerine diyetle alınan E vitamini- nin etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim 2001;42:25-36.
  • Malayoğlu HB. Biberiyenin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) an- tioksidan etkisi. Hayvansal Üretim 2010;51:59-67.
  • Demirezer LO, Ucakturk NKE, Kuruuzum-Uz A, Guvenalp Z, Kazaz C. HPLC fingerprinting of sennosides in laxative drugs with isolation of standard substances from some sen- na leaves. Rec Nat Prod 2011;5:261.
  • Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns 2007;33:713-8.
  • Davis JA, Leckie JO. Surface ionization and complexation at the oxide/water interface II. Surface properties of amorp- hous iron oxyhydroxide and adsorption of metal ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 1978;67:90-107.
  • Buruk C. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yetişen bazı endemik bitkilerin antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon. 2002.
  • Njume C, Afolayan A, Ndip R. An overview of antimic- robial resistance and the future of medicinal plants in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2009;3:685-99.
  • Sree KS, Yasodamma N, Paramageetham C. Phyohemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of the metha- nolic leaf extract: Sebastiania Chamaelea Muell.Arg. Bios- can 2010;5:173-5.
  • Nazri NM, Ahmat N, Adnan A, Mohamad SS, Ruzaina SS. In vitro antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of Malaysian table salad. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10: 5728-35.
  • Das AK. An explicit J–V model of a solar cell for simple fill factor calculation. Solar Energy 2011;85:1906-9.
  • Kırbağ S, Zengin F. Elazığ yöresindeki bazı tıbbi bitkilerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri. YYÜ Tar Bil Derg 2006;16:77- 80.
  • Aksu Mİ, Nas S. Dut pekmezi üretim tekniği ve çeşitli fizik- sel-kimyasal özellikleri. Gıda 1996;21:83-8.
  • Dulger B. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Scrop- hulariaceaefrom Turkey. Pharm Biol 2008;44:672-6.
  • Hegnauer R. Aucubinartige Glucoside. Uber ihre Verbre- itung und Bedeutung als systematisches Merkmal. Pharm Acta Helv 1966;41:577-87.
  • Deveci H, Nur G, Kırpık M, Harmankaya A, Yıldız Y. Feno- lik bileşik içeren bitkisel antioksidanlar. Kafkas Üniv Fen Bil Enst Derg 2016;9:26-32.
  • Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S. Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced di- abetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2005;57:90-6.
  • Ajose FO. Some Nigerian plants of dermatologic importan- ce. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:48-55.
  • Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J dermatol 2008;53:163-6.
  • Sethi S, Dutta A, Gupta BL, Gupta S. Antimicrobial activity of spices against isolated food borne pathogens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:260-2.
  • Aktuğ ŞE, Karapinar M. Sensitivity of some common fo- od-poisoning bacteria to thyme, mint and bay leaves. Int J Food Microbiol 1986;3:349-54.
  • Rasooli I, Rezaei MB, Allameh A,. Ultrastructural studies on antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oils on Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Infect Dis 2006;10:236-41.
  • Mejlholm O, Dalgaard P. Antimicrobial effect of essential oils on the seafood spoilage micro‐organism Photobacte- rium phosphoreum in liquid media and fish products. Lett Appl Microbiol 2002;34:27-31.
  • Schelz Z, Molnar J, Hohmann J. Antimicrobial and antiplas- mid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia 2006;77:279-85.

Investigation of antibacterial activities of various plant extracts

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 197 - 202, 01.09.2020

Abstract

Objective: Since ancient times, human beings have used plants to treat many diseases and have achieved successful results. Today, many plant extracts were also used in the treatment of many diseases especially in the Far East and in our country. In this study; it was aimed to determine the antibacterial activities of extracts obtained from the leaves of Ceratonia siliqua, Malva sylvestris, Viscum albüm, Aloe vera and Linaria genistifolia plants by using liquid microdilution. Material and Methods: The plants were dried and powdered. Twenty grams of the prepared powdery plant samples were weighed and extracted with methanol for 24 hours maceration method . This mixture was filtered by using Whatman paper. The solvent used in the extraction was then completely evapored in a rotary evaporator 50°C . Plant extracts were stored at +4°C until analyzed. Twenty five mg/mL stock was prepared from plant extracts which were obtained in this study. The antibacterial effect of plant extracts was tested by minimum inhibitor concentrations MIC against to five bacterial strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according to intructions of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Stock extracts were diluted with Mueller-Hinton Broth in microplates to a final concentration of 6.25-0.05 mg/ml. Gentamicin was used for control of the study.Results: It was observed that the antibacterial activity is against tested bacterial strains were observed at 6.25 mg/ml, which was the first concentration of 4 plant extracts included in this study. 3.12 mg/ml MIC value was determined in only standart E.coli strain against Linaria genistifolia extract.Conclusion: As a result, tested the plant extracts were found to have high MIC values an did not show enough antibacterial effect. It has been concluded that it would be appropriate to investigate the antibacterial effects of the same plants using different extraction methods

References

  • Baytop T. Bitkiler İle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). Baskı, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, 1999; 357-8.
  • Kalaycıoğlu A, Öner C. Bazı bitki ekstraktsiyonlarının an- timutajenik etkilerinin Amest-Salmonella test sistemi ile araştırılması. Tr J Botany 1994;18:117-22.
  • KILIÇ Ö. Marrubium parviflorum subsp. parviflorum Bit- kisinin Yağ Asidi ve Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonu. MSU Fen Bil Derg 2018; 6:487-91.
  • Borchardt JR, Wyse DL, Sheaffer CC, et al. Antimicrobial activity of native and naturalized plants of Minnesota and Wisconsin. J Med Plants Res 2008; 2:98-110.
  • Tüney İ, Cadirci BH, Ünal D, Sukatar A. Antimicrobial ac- tivities of the extracts of marine algae from the coast of Urla (Izmir, Turkey). Turkish J Biol 2006;30:171-5.
  • Sagdic O, Karahan A, Ozcan M, Ozkan G. Note: effect of some spice extracts on bacterial inhibition. Food Sci Tech- nol In. 2003; 9:353-8.
  • Konyalıoğlu S. Et kalitesi üzerine diyetle alınan E vitamini- nin etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim 2001;42:25-36.
  • Malayoğlu HB. Biberiyenin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) an- tioksidan etkisi. Hayvansal Üretim 2010;51:59-67.
  • Demirezer LO, Ucakturk NKE, Kuruuzum-Uz A, Guvenalp Z, Kazaz C. HPLC fingerprinting of sennosides in laxative drugs with isolation of standard substances from some sen- na leaves. Rec Nat Prod 2011;5:261.
  • Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns 2007;33:713-8.
  • Davis JA, Leckie JO. Surface ionization and complexation at the oxide/water interface II. Surface properties of amorp- hous iron oxyhydroxide and adsorption of metal ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 1978;67:90-107.
  • Buruk C. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yetişen bazı endemik bitkilerin antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon. 2002.
  • Njume C, Afolayan A, Ndip R. An overview of antimic- robial resistance and the future of medicinal plants in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2009;3:685-99.
  • Sree KS, Yasodamma N, Paramageetham C. Phyohemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of the metha- nolic leaf extract: Sebastiania Chamaelea Muell.Arg. Bios- can 2010;5:173-5.
  • Nazri NM, Ahmat N, Adnan A, Mohamad SS, Ruzaina SS. In vitro antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of Malaysian table salad. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10: 5728-35.
  • Das AK. An explicit J–V model of a solar cell for simple fill factor calculation. Solar Energy 2011;85:1906-9.
  • Kırbağ S, Zengin F. Elazığ yöresindeki bazı tıbbi bitkilerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri. YYÜ Tar Bil Derg 2006;16:77- 80.
  • Aksu Mİ, Nas S. Dut pekmezi üretim tekniği ve çeşitli fizik- sel-kimyasal özellikleri. Gıda 1996;21:83-8.
  • Dulger B. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Endemic Scrop- hulariaceaefrom Turkey. Pharm Biol 2008;44:672-6.
  • Hegnauer R. Aucubinartige Glucoside. Uber ihre Verbre- itung und Bedeutung als systematisches Merkmal. Pharm Acta Helv 1966;41:577-87.
  • Deveci H, Nur G, Kırpık M, Harmankaya A, Yıldız Y. Feno- lik bileşik içeren bitkisel antioksidanlar. Kafkas Üniv Fen Bil Enst Derg 2016;9:26-32.
  • Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S. Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced di- abetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2005;57:90-6.
  • Ajose FO. Some Nigerian plants of dermatologic importan- ce. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:48-55.
  • Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J dermatol 2008;53:163-6.
  • Sethi S, Dutta A, Gupta BL, Gupta S. Antimicrobial activity of spices against isolated food borne pathogens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:260-2.
  • Aktuğ ŞE, Karapinar M. Sensitivity of some common fo- od-poisoning bacteria to thyme, mint and bay leaves. Int J Food Microbiol 1986;3:349-54.
  • Rasooli I, Rezaei MB, Allameh A,. Ultrastructural studies on antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oils on Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Infect Dis 2006;10:236-41.
  • Mejlholm O, Dalgaard P. Antimicrobial effect of essential oils on the seafood spoilage micro‐organism Photobacte- rium phosphoreum in liquid media and fish products. Lett Appl Microbiol 2002;34:27-31.
  • Schelz Z, Molnar J, Hohmann J. Antimicrobial and antiplas- mid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia 2006;77:279-85.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Ümran Günter This is me

Salih Maçin This is me

Emine İnci Tuncer This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 30 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Günter Ü, Maçin S, Tuncer Eİ. Çeşitli Bitki Ekstrelerinin Antibakteriyel Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması. Genel Tıp Derg. 2020;30(3):197-202.

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