Research Article

“The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia

Volume: 31 July 1, 2026
EN

“The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia

Abstract

The Urartian stone block from Joshun, in the centre of the Dizmar Qaradaq region, Eastern Azerbaijan Province, Iran, previously introduced, is here re-examined and provides significant new information. It is the first attested inscription recording the construction of "the city of the god Ḫaldi" within the borders of Iran. The cuneiform inscription preserves the name of Ala, son of Argišti; its epigraphy and ductus indicate that he was most probably the son of Argišti II. Despite the poor epigraphy and minor errors, the inscription is to be regarded as authentic: had it been a forgery, the name of a previously attested Urartian king would have been employed rather than the otherwise unknown name of Ala. Ala, whose name appears on a royal inscription for the first time, constructed this fortification in support of Bia. Possibly the son of Argišti II and brother of Rusa II, he may have ruled the territory east of Lake Urmia for a period, either before, after, or contemporaneously with Rusa II.

Keywords

Thanks

The authors wish to thank Hossein Mokari for providing a photograph, and a video of the block, from which a cropped detail was extracted.

References

  1. Biscione, R. – Khatib Shahidi, H. 2007. “Italian-Iranian archaeological survey in Eastern Azerbaijan. Provisional report on the 2006-1385 field season.” In: Archaeological Reports (7) on the occasion of the 9th Annual Symposium on Iranian Archaeology, Vol. 1, 25-34.
  2. Çilingiroğlu, A. – Işıklı, M. 2014. “25. Yılında Ayanis Kalesi Kazıları.” In: H. Kasapoğlu – M. A. Yılmaz (edd.), Anadolu’nun Zirvesinde Türk Arkeolojisinin 40 Yılı, 309-325.
  3. Dara, M. 2017. Urartian Cuneiform Inscriptions from Iran (Katibehaye mikhiye Urartuee az Iran).
  4. Dara, M. 2019. “New Observations Regarding the Urartian Inscription of the Tul-e Talesh Bracelet.” In: Pavel S. Avetisyan – R. Dan – Y. H. Grekyan (edd.), Over the Mountains and Far Away (Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday), 187-190.
  5. Dara, M. 2022. “The newly found Urartian inscription of Sarab and KURgír-du-ni.” Anatolica 48: 49-59.
  6. Dara, M. 2023a. “Aşulis’ Seal Impressions on the Urartian Tablets and Bullae.” Zabano katibeh 4/5: 19-37.
  7. Dara, M. 2023b. “The Origin of the Discovered Urartian Bulla in Ziwiye.” Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 27: 113-125.
  8. Dara, M. – Naseri, H. S. 2023. “The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varza-qan.” Gephyra 25:119-137.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Language Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 1, 2026

Submission Date

May 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 20, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31

APA
Dara, M., & Naseri Someeh, H. (2026). “The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia. Gephyra, 31, 185-194. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1943201
AMA
1.Dara M, Naseri Someeh H. “The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia. GEPHYRA. 2026;31:185-194. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1943201
Chicago
Dara, Maryam, and Hossein Naseri Someeh. 2026. “‘The City of God Ḫaldi’ by Ala, Son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia”. Gephyra 31 (July): 185-94. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1943201.
EndNote
Dara M, Naseri Someeh H (July 1, 2026) “The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia. Gephyra 31 185–194.
IEEE
[1]M. Dara and H. Naseri Someeh, “‘The city of God Ḫaldi’ by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia”, GEPHYRA, vol. 31, pp. 185–194, July 2026, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1943201.
ISNAD
Dara, Maryam - Naseri Someeh, Hossein. “‘The City of God Ḫaldi’ by Ala, Son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia”. Gephyra 31 (July 1, 2026): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1943201.
JAMA
1.Dara M, Naseri Someeh H. “The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia. GEPHYRA. 2026;31:185–194.
MLA
Dara, Maryam, and Hossein Naseri Someeh. “‘The City of God Ḫaldi’ by Ala, Son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia”. Gephyra, vol. 31, July 2026, pp. 185-94, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1943201.
Vancouver
1.Maryam Dara, Hossein Naseri Someeh. “The city of God Ḫaldi” by Ala, son of Argišti, in Joshun, East of Lake Urmia. GEPHYRA. 2026 Jul. 1;31:185-94. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1943201