Brogitaros ve Pessinus Meselesi Cicero’nun İ. Ö. 56’daki Clodius hicvinin Galatia Arkaplanı Hakkında Bazı Düşünceler (Harusp. Resp. 27-29)

Öz

Pessinus’un Hellenistik Dönem tarihine ilişkin mevcut tüm edebi kaynaklar Roma müdahalesini içermektedir. Çoğunlukla bu kaynaklar Roma politik ve ekonomik çıkarlarına odaklanan ve bizzat tapınakla ilgili bilgiyi, çarpıtmasa bile, önemli ölçüde sınırlayan Roma bakış açısıyla güçlü bir biçimde şekillenmiştir. Buna çarpıcı bir örnek Cicero’nun De haruspicum responsis eserinin 27.–29. bölümlerinde Publius Clodius’a karşı yaptığı hararetli bir tartışmadan bir kesittir. Bu, Pessinus’un kontrolünü Tolistobog Deiotaros yerine Trokmi Brogitaros’a bahşeden yasa hakkındaki temel kaynağımızdır. Cicero’nun kullandığı retorik, modern araştırmacıları, bu olayı, gerçekten de olması gerektiği gibi, Roma Cumhuriyet Dönemi çekişmeleri içinde ele almak konusunda cesaretlendirmiş ama aynı zamanda bu çatışmanın arkasında spesifik olarak Galatia’nın müdahil oluşunu daha iyi anlamaya yarayacak girişimlerin de hevesini kırmıştır. Buna rağmen, Cicero’nun polemiklerini, ama özellikle de söylemediği şeylerin yansımasının ustaca bir analizi, bize Attalos Krallığı’nın İ. Ö. 133/129’da sona erişinin ardından Pessinus’un az bilinen tarihine ilişkin bazı mantıklı hipotezler ortaya koymamıza imkân verecektir. Böyle yaparak, Tolistobog’ların Pessinus’a olan ilgisinin oldukça geç olduğuna ve bu emporion’un Tolistobog’ların kent merkezi oluşuna uzanan gelişim sürecinin İ. Ö. 60’lı yıllar civarında başlamış olabileceğine dair görüşlere dair başka argümanlar elde edebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pessinus,Brogitaros,Deiotaros,Cicero,P. Clodius Pulcher,Pompeius,Mithra¬dates VI Eupator,Tolistobogn Galatları,Trokmi Galatları,Tapınak devletleri,Hellenistik Krallık

Brogitaros and the Pessinus-Affair Some Considerations on the Galatian Background of Cicero’s Lampoon against Clodius in 56 BC (Harusp. Resp. 27–29)

Abstract

All of our extant literary sources on the history of Pessinus in the Hellenistic age involve Roman agency. For the most part, they are strongly shaped by a specifically Roman perspective that focuses on Roman political or economic interests, and in a way that significantly limits, if not distorts, the information on the sanctuary itself. A telling example is a section from Cicero’s fervent lampoon against Publius Clodius, De haruspicum responsis 27–29. This is our main source for the law that granted the control of Pessinus to the Trokmian Brogitaros at the cost of the Tolistobogian Deiotaros. Cicero’s rhetoric has encouraged modern scholars to contextualize this incident within Roman Republican strives – which is indeed pertinent –, but, at the same time, discouraged attempts to better understand specifically Galatian agency behind the conflict. However, a subtle analysis of Ciceronian polemics, especially a reflection on what Cicero does not say, will allow us to put forward some plausible hypotheses about the otherwise poorly attested history of Pessinus after the end of the Attalid Kingdom in 133/129 BC. By doing so, we shall gain further arguments for the view that Tolistobogian interest in Pessinus was very late, and that the development of this emporion to the urban center of the Tolistobogians may well have started as late as around 60 BC.

Keywords

• Pessinus,Brogitaros,Deiotaros,Cicero,P. Clodius Pulcher,Pompey,Mithradates VI Eu¬pator,Tolistobogian Galatians,Trokmian Galatians,Temple States,Hellenistic Kingship

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