Tatarlı Höyük’ten (Adana) Hellenistik Dönem İthal Mühürlü Amphora Kulpları

Year 2018, Volume: 15, 153 - 174, 15.05.2018

Erkan Dündar Ayça Gerçek

https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.420778

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Tatarlı Höyük Kazılarında 2008-2017 yılları
arasında bulunan ve Hellenistik Dönem’e tarihlenen yirmi iki mühürlü amphora
kulpu ele alınmıştır. Tatarlı Höyük Adana/Ceyhan’ın 24 km doğusunda, önceleri
Yedigöz/Yedioluk olarak isimlendirilen Tatarlı köyünde bulunmaktadır. Ovalık
Kilikya Bölgesi’ndeki büyük höyük yerleşimlerinden biri olan Tatarlı Höyük 350
metreye 180 metre boyutlarında olup ova zemininden 37 metre yüksekliktedir. Çukurova’nın
doğusunda bulunan höyük önemli ticaret rotaları üzerinde yer alır.

Bu çalışmada değerlendirilen yirmi iki mühürlü amphora
kulpundan on sekizinin Rodos kökenli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İkisi okunamayan
Rodos mühürlerinin dokuzu yönetici, yedisi ise üreticilere aittir. Höyükte
bulunan ikinci büyük buluntu grubu ise Kıbrıs kökenlilerdir. Ele geçen iki
Kıbrıs kökenli amphora kulpunun birisinin üzerinde Kıbrıs hece yazısıyla
yazılmış ancak tam olarak okunamayan bir mühür bulunmaktadır. Diğer Kıbrıs
örneği üzerinde ise dört harften oluşan bir monogram görülür. Yerleşimde
bulunan mühürler arasında sadece bir tanesi Khios kökenlidir. Söz konusu kulp
üzerinde M. Ö. yak. 250 - yak. 225 yılları arasında aktif olan ve mühürlerine
birçok yerleşimde rastlanan üretici Ἱκέσιος’un ismi okunur. Höyükte ele geçen mühürler arasında belki
de en önemli olan örnek bir Knidos mührüdür. Bu mühür üzerinde yönetici Λυσάνιος ve üretici Ἀριστοκράτης’un isimleri
birlikte görünür. Her iki ismin de Tatarlı örneğinde bulunması, önceki
çalışmalarda farklı dönemlere tarihlenen bu isimlerin kronolojilerinin yeni
veriler bağlamında yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Bu
nedenle, yönetici Λυσάνιος ve üretici Ἀριστοκράτης için bu çalışmada M. Ö. 2.
yüzyılın ilk yarısı gibi geniş bir tarih aralığı verilmesi yoluna gidilmiştir.

Ovalık
Kilikya’nın önemli höyük yerleşimlerinden biri olan Tatarlı Höyük’te bulunan
yirmi iki adet mühürlü amphora kulpunun, bölgeden konu hakkında bilgi veren
malzemeler olması önemlidir. Söz konusu buluntular, özelde yerleşimin
Hellenistik Dönem tabakalarının tarihlendirilmesine katkı sağladığı gibi, aynı
zamanda mühürlü amphora kulplarının Küçük Asya’nın Akdeniz coğrafyasındaki
yayılımı ve istatistiği açısından da önemli bilgiler sunmuştur.

Keywords

Tatarlı Höyük, mühürlü amphora kulpları, Kilikya, Hellenistik Dönem

Imported Hellenistic Stamped Amphora Handles from Tatarlı Höyük (in the Province of Adana-Turkey)

Abstract

Twenty two
amphora stamps from the Tatarlı Höyük excavations in Cilicia (2008-2017) are
the subject of this article. Tatarlı Höyük is situated in the Tatarlı village,
formerly Yedigöz/Yedioluk, 24 km east of Ceyhan, Adana. It is one of the
largest sites in Cilicia Pedias (Plain Cilicia), and is a flat-topped, wooded
mound on a basalt outcrop, with a base measuring 350 m by 180 m and a height of
37 m. Located in the eastern part of the Çukurova, the mound was in a strategic
position with its location on important trade routes.

It was
determined that eighteen of the twenty two stamped amphora handles in this
study were of Rhodian origin. Nine of the Rhodian stamps belong to the eponyms,
and seven to the fabricants. Only two of the Rhodian stamps are illegible. The
second group from the Tatarlı Höyük are of Cyprus origin. One of two amphora
handles in this group has a stamp in the Cypriot syllable, but it cannot be clearly
read. On the other Cypriot example there is also a monogram or an abbreviation
consisting of four letters. Only one Chian stamp was found. The name of the
fabricant Ἱκέσιος, which is thought to have been active between ca. 250 - ca.
225 B.C., is read on this Chian stamp found at the site. Perhaps the most
important example among the Tatarlı examples is the Cnidian stamp. On the stamp
both the name of the eponym Λυσάνιος and the name of the fabricant Ἀριστοκράτης
are recorded. The appearance of both these names together on the Tatarlı
example raises questions concerning the published chronology of these names, as
they have been dated to different periods in previous studies. In the context
of this find, it seems the place of these two figures in the chronology may
need to be revised. For this reason, a somewhat broader date range has been given
to both the eponym Λυσάνιος and the fabricant Ἀριστοκράτης, the first half of
the 2^nd century B.C.

These twenty two stamped amphora handles found at Tatarlı Höyük, a major
mound site of Cilicia Pedias (Plain Cilicia), provide us with a body of information
on this subject for the region. This material, in particular, provides
important information not only for the dating of the settlement’s Hellenistic
Period strata, but also concerning the spread and statistics of the amphora within
Asia Minor’s Mediterranean geography.

Keywords

Tatarlı Höyük, stamped amphora handles, Cilicia, Hellenistic Period

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