GELENEKSEL KURU FERMENTE TÜRK SUCUĞUNDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ENTEROKOK SUŞLARINDA ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENÇ GENLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Enterococcus faecium ve Enterococcus faecalis, sucuk gibi fermente et ürünlerinde sıklıkla bulunan laktik asit bakterisi türleridir. Bu bakteriler, ürünün benzersiz tadını, dokusunu ve raf ömrünü şekillendirmeye yardımcı olmaları nedeniyle fermentasyon sürecinde önem arz etmektedir. Bazı enterokokların enfeksiyonlara yol açtığı bilinse de çeşitli gıdalardan, özellikle et ürünlerinden izole edilen enterokokların, klinik suşlara kıyasla çok daha düşük patojenik potansiyele sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu durum, gıda kaynaklı enterokoklara olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel olarak fermente edilmiş sucuk örneklerinden izole edilen E. faecium (24 adet) ve E. faecalis (1 adet) olmak üzere toplam 25 Enterococcus suşunda eritromisin (ermA, ermB, ermC), tetrasiklin (tetM, tetL), siprofloksasin (gyrA), streptomisin (strA, strB, aadA, aadE), vankomisin (vanA, vanB) ve gentamisin [(aac(6')aph(2''), aac(3'')II, aac(3'')IV)] direnç genlerinin varlığı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile araştırılmıştır. PZR analizinin sonucunda, hiçbir izolatta ermA, ermB, ermC, tetM, tetL, gyrA, strA, strB, aadA, aadE, vanA, vanB, aac(6')aph(2''), aac(3'')II ve aac(3'')IV genlerinin varlığı tespit edilmemiştir. Daha önce yapılan disk difüzyon testlerine göre bazı suşların siprofloksasin (13/25) ve eritromisine (1/25) dirençli olduğu bilinmesine rağmen bu suşların da söz konusu antibiyotik direnç genlerini içermediği görülmüştür. Enterokok türleri genellikle gıda güvenliği açısından şüpheli bir statüye sahip olarak değerlendirilir. Yapılan çalışmada araştırılan antibiyotik direnç genlerinin sucuktan izole edilen enterokoklarda bulunmaması bu suşlara gıda güvenliği açısından bir avantaj sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Sucuk
• Enterococcus
• antibiyotik direnç
• polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu

INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN ENTEROCOCCUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SUCUK, A TRADITIONAL DRY-FERMENTED TURKISH SAUSAGE

Abstract

Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are lactic acid bacteria frequently found in fermented meat products such as sausage. These bacteria are important in the fermentation process because they help shape the unique taste, texture, and shelf life of the product. Although some enterococci are known to cause infections, enterococci isolated from various foods, especially meat products, have been shown to have much lower pathogenic potential compared to clinical strains. This has increased interest in foodborne enterococci. In this study, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes for erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC), tetracycline (tetM, tetL), ciprofloxacin (gyrA), streptomycin (strA, strB, aadA, aadE), vancomycin (vanA, vanB), and gentamicin [(aac(6')aph(2''), aac(3'')II, aac(3'')IV)] was investigated in a total of 25 Enterococcus strains—E. faecium (24) and E. faecalis (1) —isolated from traditionally fermented sucuk samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a result of PCR analysis, the presence of the genes ermA, ermB, ermC, tetM, tetL, gyrA, strA, strB, aadA, aadE, vanA, vanB, aac(6')aph(2''), aac(3'')II, and aac(3'')IV was not detected in any isolate. Although previous disk diffusion tests indicated that certain strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (13/25) and erythromycin (1/25), it was observed that these strains did not harbor the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes. Enterococcus species are generally regarded as having a questionable status in terms of food safety. In this study, the absence of the investigated antibiotic resistance genes in enterococci isolated from sausage provides a potential advantage for these strains with respect to food safety.

Keywords

• Sausage
• Enterococcus
• antibiotic resistance
• polymerase chain reaction

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