MİKROORGANİZMALARDA ÇOĞUNLUĞU ALGILAMA VE ÇOĞUNLUĞU ALGILAMA MEKANİZMASININ ENGELLENMESİ

Abstract

Hücreler arası iletişim ya da çoğunluğu algılama olarak bilinen Quorum Sensing (QS) mekanizması ile gıda kaynaklı patojenler biyofilm, antibiyotik direnci ve virülans gibi etkileri oluşturarak halk sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. QS bakteriler, küfler ve mayalar gibi çeşitli mikroorganizmalarda görülmektedir. QS mekanizmasında hücreler arası iletişimde kullanılan iletişim molekülü olarak otoindükleyiciler görev almaktadır ve bu moleküllerin mikroorganizmalara göre çeşitlilik göstermesi QS mekanizmasının kontrolünü güçleştirmektedir. QS engelleme mekanizması olarak bilinen Quorum Quenching (QQ) konusunda ise son yıllarda birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. QQ mekanizması enzimatik ve kimayasal olarak doğada bulunabilmekte ve bunun yanı sıra bitkisel gıdaların ekstraktları da QS mekanizması sinyallerine kimyasal olarak benzediğinden bu amaçla kullanılmakta ve onları inhibe etmektedir. Bu derlemede halk sağlığı için birçok disiplinde olduğu gibi gıda sektöründe de çok ciddi tehlikelere sebep olan mikroorganizmalardaki QS mekanizması ve bu mekanizmanın zararlı etkilerinin önlenmesini konu alan QQ mekanizması ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

• Mikroorganizmalarda çoğunluğu algılama,hücreler arası iletişim,küfler,mayalar,antibiyotik direnci

QUORUM SENSING AND QUORUM QUENCHING MECHANISM IN MICROORGANISMS

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS), is cell to cell comunication, threatens on public health to make effects by means of biofilm, antibiotic resistance and virulence. QS observed in bacteria, molds and yeasts. Autoinducers are most important communication molecules in QS. And the diversity of these molecules according to microorganisms makes the control of the QS mechanism difficult. In recent years, there is a lot of work about Quorum Quenching (QQ) which is known as blocking mechanism of the QS. The QQ mechanism exists both enzymatically and chemically in nature and the extracts of plant-origin food has ability inhibited autoinducers owing to the fact that they are chemically similar to autoinducers. In this review, the QS mechanism in microorganisms that cause serious hazards in the food sector as well as in many disciplines for public health and the QQ mechanism intended to prevent the harmful effects of QS are discussed.

Keywords

• Quorum sensing,quorum quenching,molds,yeasts,antibiotic resistance

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