Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Özellikleri ve Quorum Sensing Mekanizması

Year 2017, Issue: 18, 42 - 52, 01.09.2017

Belgin Sırıken Veli Öz

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa fırsatçı bir mikroorganizma olup, gıdalara ve gıda ile temas eden yüzeylerde tutunup, biyofilm oluşturabilme kabiliyetine sahip mikroorganizmaların başında gelmektedir. Etken çoğunlukla nosokomiyal ve immun sistemi baskılanmış konakçılarda enfeksiyonlara neden olur. Etkenin biyofilm içinde üremesi ve antibiyotik dirençliliği nedeniyle eredikasyonu güçtür. Enfeksiyonun oluşumu sırasında, P. aeruginosa Quorum sensing (QS-Çevreyi Algılama) regülatör sisteminin kontrolü altında bir dizi virulans faktörler üretir. QS; bakterilerin biyofilm oluşturabilmek amacıyla bitişiğinde yer alan diğer bakteri hücrelerine sinyal molekülleri (oto-induser-AI) göndererek hücreleri uyarması ve etkileşime geçmesine verilen isimdir. Bu nedenle ekstrasellüler sinyaller ve QS düzenleme sistemleri biyofilm varlığı için oldukça önemli olup, yeni tedavi edici stratejilerin gelişmesi için de etkili bir hedef olarak düşünülmektedir. P. aeruginosa’da QS düzenlenmesi en az iki N-asetil homoserin lakton kodlayan gen çiftleri (LasI–RhII) tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Bu genler aynı zamanda elastaz, alkalin fosfataz, hidrojen siyanid, ekzotoksin A, katalaz, ramnolipid, piyosiyanin, asile edilmiş homoserin laktonları ve superoksit dizmutaz gibi virulans faktörlerin üretimini de düzenlerler. QS’yi düzenlemede yardımcı olan bir diğer gen çifti ise PQS-MvfR’dir. PQS ekspresyonu LasR’ye bağlıdır ve Rh1R geni ekspresyonunu artırır.

Keywords

P. aeruginosa, Virulans Faktörleri, Biyofilm

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