Importance of foodborne parasites; epidemiology, transmission routes, risk assessment and control measures

Year 2024, Issue: 31, 62 - 73, 13.02.2024

Ayşe Gülin Eser

https://doi.org/10.56833/gidaveyem.1433098

Abstract

Objective: Today, there are many foodborne diseases. In addition to bacteria, viruses and fungi, parasites are also reported to cause foodborne diseases. These parasites, which include protozoa (e.g. Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma spp.) and helminths (e.g. liver and intestinal parasites; Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Anisakis spp., Trichinella spp.), have always existed in nature since their emergence, spread for various reasons and infected foods in various ways. Many domesticated and wild animals have also played a role as reservoirs in the transmission of these pathogens to foods. Some of the foodborne parasites are zoonotic. The life cycles of each of them are complex and different. In this study, foodborne parasites were evaluated from a general perspective.
Conclusion: In this review, the importance of foodborne parasites in terms of food safety and public health, epidemiology, routes of food contamination, risk assessment, and control measures were evaluated in the light of the literature.

Keywords

foodborne parasites, zoonotic parasites, food safety, public health, contamination

Gıda kaynaklı parazitlerin önemi; epidemiyolojisi, bulaşma yolları, risk değerlendirmesi ve kontrol önlemleri

Abstract

Amaç: Günümüzde gıda kaynaklı birçok hastalık bulunmaktadır. Bakteriler, virüsler ve fungusların yanısıra parazitlerin de gıda kaynaklı hastalıklara sebep olduğu bildirilmektedir. Protozoa (örneğin Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma spp.) ve helmintleri (örneğin karaciğer ve bağırsak parazitleri; Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Anisakis spp., Trichinella spp.) içeren bu parazitler doğada hep var olmuşlar, çeşitli nedenlerle yayılım göstermişler ve gıdalara çeşitli yollarla bulaşmışlardır. Bu patojenlerin gıdalara bulaşmasında evcilleştirilmiş ve vahşi pek çok hayvan da taşıyıcı olarak rol oynamıştır. Gıda kaynaklı parazitlerin bazıları zoonotik özellik göstermektedir. Her birinin yaşam siklusları karmaşık ve farklıdır. Bu çalışmada, gıda kaynaklı parazitler genel bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu derlemede, gıda kaynaklı parazitlerin gıda güvenliği ve halk sağlığı açısından önemi, epidemiyolojisi, gıdalara bulaşma yolları, risk değerlendirmesi ve kontrol önlemleri literatür eşliğinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

gıda kaynaklı parazitler, zoonotik, gıda güvenliği, halk sağlığı, bulaşma

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