Research Article
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Investigation of Emotional Socialization Behaviors of Parents with Preschool Children

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 1 - 17, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.1067801

Abstract

Emotion socialization, with a general definition, refers to responses of the people who are important in child’s life towards children's emotions and communications with the child regarding emotions. In the study, it was aimed to examine the change of emotional socialization behaviors of mothers and fathers with preschool children according to parent gender. In the study, the relational screening model was chosen as the research method. The study group of the research consisted of 378 mothers and 357 fathers whose children were educated in kindergardens in 3 districts of Istanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. Responses to Children's Emotions Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. According to this study, It was determined that mothers preferred positive emotion socialization behaviors towards their children's emotions more than fathers, and fathers preferred negative emotion socialization behaviors more than mothers. With this; It is seen that mothers and fathers with a high level of education prefer negative emotion socialization behaviors less and as the monthly household income increases, both mothers and fathers have more negative emotion socialization behaviors were found to be less preferred. In addition, it was determined that mothers who do not work in any job use both positive and negative emotion socialization behaviors more than working mothers.

References

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  • Aydın, F. (2010). Maternal emotion regulation, socio-economic status and social context as predictors of maternal emotion socialization practices. (Master thesis). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Aznar, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2013). Spanish parents' emotion talk and their children's understanding of emotion. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 670.
  • Baker, J. K., Fenning, R. M. & Crnic, K. A. (2011). Emotion socialization by mothers and fathers: Coherence among behaviors and associations with parent attitudes and children’s social competence. Social Development, 20(2): 412-430.
  • Bjørk, R. F., Havighurst, S. S., Pons, F., & Karevold, E. B. (2020). Pathways to behavior problems in Norwegian kindergarten children: The role of parent emotion socialization and child emotion understanding. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(6), 751-762.
  • Blandon, A. Y., & Scrimgeour, M. B. (2015). Child, parenting, and situational characteristics associated with toddlers' prosocial behaviour. Infant and Child Development, 24(6), 643-660.
  • Brown, G. L., Craig, A. B., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2015). Parent gender differences in emotion socialization behaviors vary by ethnicity and child gender. Parenting, 15(3), 135-157.
  • Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Mother–child emotion communication and childhood anxiety symptoms. Cognition and Emotion, 29(3), 416-431.
  • Büyükbiçer, E. (2019). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile annelerinin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cole, P. M., & Tan, P. Z. (2015). Emotion socialization from a cultural perspective. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (p. 499–519). Guilford.
  • Corapci, F., Aksan, N., & Yagmurlu, B. (2012). Socialization of Turkish Children's Emotions: do different emotions elicit different responses?. Global Studies of Childhood, 2(2), 106-116.
  • Cunningham, J. N., Kliewer, W., & Garner, P. W. (2009). Emotion socialization, child emotion understanding and regulation, and adjustment in urban African American families: Differential associations across child gender. Development and psychopathology, 21(1), 261-283.
  • Denham, S. A. (2007). Dealing with feelings: How children negotiate the worlds of emotions and social relationships. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 11(1), 1.
  • Denham, S. A., & Kochanoff, A. T. (2002). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ understanding of emotion. Marriage & Family Review, (34), 311-343.
  • Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2007). The socialization of emotional competence. Handbook of socialization: Theory and research, 614-637.
  • Denham, S. A., Cook, M., & Zoller, D. (1992). ‘Baby looks very sad’: Implications of conversations about feelings between mother and preschooler. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(3), 301-315.
  • Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers' emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and emotion, 21(1), 65-86.
  • Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschoolers' emotion understanding. Developmental psychology, 30(6), 928.
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological inquiry, 9(4), 241-273.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children's social functioning. Child development, 70(2), 513-534.
  • Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., & Spinrad, T. L. (2011). Effortful control: Relations with emotion regulation, adjustment, and socialization in childhood. . D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications içinde (ss. 263–283). Guilford Press.
  • Ersay, E. (2014). Parental socialization of emotion: How mothers respond to their children's emotions in Turkey. International Journal of Emotional Education, 6(1), 33-46.
  • Fivush, R., Brotman, M. A., Buckner, J. P., & Goodman, S. H. (2000). Gender differences in parent–child emotion narratives. Sex roles, 42(3-4), 233-253.
  • Garner, P. W., Dunsmore, J. C., & Southam‐Gerrow, M. (2008). Mother–child conversations about emotions: Linkages to child aggression and prosocial behavior. Social Development, 17(2), 259-277.
  • Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268.
  • Gottman, J., Katz, L., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-Emotion. New York: Routledge.
  • Grady, J. S. (2020). Parents’ reactions to toddlers’ emotions: Relations with toddler shyness and gender. Early Child Development and Care, 190(12), 1855–1862.
  • Güven, E., & Erden, G. (2017). Duygu sosyalleştirmenin çocuklarda gözlenen davranış sorunlarına katkısı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32(79), 18–32.
  • Hasçuhadar, B. (2015). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda ebeveynlik davranışları, duygu sosyalleştirme, hazzı geciktirme, sosyal yeterlilik ve yaratıcılık arasındaki ilişkiler. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bolu.
  • Hastings, P. D., Utendale, W. T., & Sullivan, C. (2007). The Socialization of Prosocial Development. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (p. 638–664). Guilford.
  • Hurrell, K. E., Hudson, J. L., &Schniering, C. A. (2015). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: Relationships with emotion regulation in children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, (29), 72-82.
  • İlhan, T. (2017). Ebeveynlerin duygu sosyalleştirme stratejileri ile çocukların sosyal yetkinlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Johnson, A. M., Hawes, D. J., Eisenberg, N., Kohlhoff, J., & Dudeney, J. (2017). Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 54, 65-80.
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi Kavramlar İlkeler Teknikler. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Kaya, E. (2016). Babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamaları ve bu uygulamaların okul öncesi çocuklarının sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerindeki rolü. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kitzmann, K., & Howard, K. M. (2011). Emotion socialization by early childhood educators: Conceptual models from psychology. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, (5), 23-44.
  • Li, D., Li, D., Wu, N., & Wang, Z. (2019). Intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation through parents' reactions to children's negative emotions: Tests of unique, actor, partner, and mediating effects. Children and Youth Services Review, 101, 113-122.
  • Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. S. (2012). Culture and emotion: The integration of biological and cultural contributions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), 91-118.
  • Nelson, J. A., & Boyer, B. P. (2018). Maternal responses to negative emotions and child externalizing behavior: Different relations for 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐year‐olds. Social Development, 27(3), 482-494.
  • O'neal, C. R., & Magai, C. (2005). Do parents respond in different ways when children feel different emotions? The emotional context of parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 467-487.
  • Ornaghi, V., Pepe, A., Agliati, A., & Grazzani, I. (2019). The contribution of emotion knowledge, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style to explaining toddlers’ emotion regulation. Social Development, 28(3), 581-598.
  • Ornaghi, V., Conte, E., & Grazzani, I. (2020). Empathy in toddlers: the role of emotion regulation, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2844.
  • Özen Uyar, R., Yılmaz Genç, M. M., & Aktaş Arnas, Y. (2018). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların duygu düzenleme ve duyguları anlama becerilerinin yordayıcısı olarak annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları. Eğitim ve Bilim 43(195). doi: 10.15390/EB.2018.7629
  • Özkan, H. K. (2015). Annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları ile çocukların benlik algısı ve sosyal problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Özkan, H. K., & Aksoy, A. B. (2017). An investigation of maternal emotion socialization behaviors, children's self-perceptions, and social problem-solving skills. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 67, 125-139.
  • Özkan, S. (2019). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların duygu düzenleme becerileri ile ebeveynlerinin sosyal sorun çözme ve çocuklarının olumsuz duygularıyla başetme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Saarni, C. (2001). Cognition, Context, and Goals: Significant Components in Social-Emotional Effectiveness. Social Development, 10(1), 125-29.
  • Seçer, Z., & Karabulut, N. (2016). Anne-babaların duygusal sosyalleştirme davranışları ile okul öncesi çocukların sosyal becerilerinin analizi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(185), 147-165.
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Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuğuna Sahip Anne ve Babaların Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 1 - 17, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.1067801

Abstract

Duygu sosyalleştirme genel bir tanımla, çocuk için önemli olan kişilerin çocukların duygularına yönelik tepkilerini ve çocukla kurdukları iletişim biçimini ifade etmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı; okul öncesi dönem çocuğuna sahip anne ve babaların duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının ebeveyn cinsiyetine göre değişimini incelemektir. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak araştırma yöntemi olarak ilişkisel tarama modeli seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, çocukları 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul iline bağlı 3 ilçede bağımsız anaokulları ve anasınıflarında eğitim gören 378 anne ve 357 baba oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Çocukların Duygularına Verilen Tepkiler Ölçeği (Ebeveyn Formu) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda annelerin çocuklarının duygularına yönelik olumlu duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını babalara göre daha fazla tercih ettiği, olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını ise babaların annelere göre daha fazla tercih ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte; eğitim düzeyi yüksek olan anne-babaların olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını daha az tercih ettiği, herhangi bir işte çalışmayan annelerin çalışan annelere göre hem olumlu hem de olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını daha fazla kullandıkları ve aylık hane geliri arttıkça hem annelerin hem de babaların olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını daha az tercih ettikleri saptanmıştır.

References

  • Altıntop, İ. (2019). Ebeveynlerin duygu sosyalleştirmesi ile çocukların sosyal yetkinliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü , İzmir.
  • Aydın, F. (2010). Maternal emotion regulation, socio-economic status and social context as predictors of maternal emotion socialization practices. (Master thesis). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Aznar, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2013). Spanish parents' emotion talk and their children's understanding of emotion. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 670.
  • Baker, J. K., Fenning, R. M. & Crnic, K. A. (2011). Emotion socialization by mothers and fathers: Coherence among behaviors and associations with parent attitudes and children’s social competence. Social Development, 20(2): 412-430.
  • Bjørk, R. F., Havighurst, S. S., Pons, F., & Karevold, E. B. (2020). Pathways to behavior problems in Norwegian kindergarten children: The role of parent emotion socialization and child emotion understanding. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(6), 751-762.
  • Blandon, A. Y., & Scrimgeour, M. B. (2015). Child, parenting, and situational characteristics associated with toddlers' prosocial behaviour. Infant and Child Development, 24(6), 643-660.
  • Brown, G. L., Craig, A. B., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2015). Parent gender differences in emotion socialization behaviors vary by ethnicity and child gender. Parenting, 15(3), 135-157.
  • Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Mother–child emotion communication and childhood anxiety symptoms. Cognition and Emotion, 29(3), 416-431.
  • Büyükbiçer, E. (2019). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile annelerinin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cole, P. M., & Tan, P. Z. (2015). Emotion socialization from a cultural perspective. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (p. 499–519). Guilford.
  • Corapci, F., Aksan, N., & Yagmurlu, B. (2012). Socialization of Turkish Children's Emotions: do different emotions elicit different responses?. Global Studies of Childhood, 2(2), 106-116.
  • Cunningham, J. N., Kliewer, W., & Garner, P. W. (2009). Emotion socialization, child emotion understanding and regulation, and adjustment in urban African American families: Differential associations across child gender. Development and psychopathology, 21(1), 261-283.
  • Denham, S. A. (2007). Dealing with feelings: How children negotiate the worlds of emotions and social relationships. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 11(1), 1.
  • Denham, S. A., & Kochanoff, A. T. (2002). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ understanding of emotion. Marriage & Family Review, (34), 311-343.
  • Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2007). The socialization of emotional competence. Handbook of socialization: Theory and research, 614-637.
  • Denham, S. A., Cook, M., & Zoller, D. (1992). ‘Baby looks very sad’: Implications of conversations about feelings between mother and preschooler. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(3), 301-315.
  • Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers' emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and emotion, 21(1), 65-86.
  • Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschoolers' emotion understanding. Developmental psychology, 30(6), 928.
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological inquiry, 9(4), 241-273.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children's social functioning. Child development, 70(2), 513-534.
  • Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., & Spinrad, T. L. (2011). Effortful control: Relations with emotion regulation, adjustment, and socialization in childhood. . D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications içinde (ss. 263–283). Guilford Press.
  • Ersay, E. (2014). Parental socialization of emotion: How mothers respond to their children's emotions in Turkey. International Journal of Emotional Education, 6(1), 33-46.
  • Fivush, R., Brotman, M. A., Buckner, J. P., & Goodman, S. H. (2000). Gender differences in parent–child emotion narratives. Sex roles, 42(3-4), 233-253.
  • Garner, P. W., Dunsmore, J. C., & Southam‐Gerrow, M. (2008). Mother–child conversations about emotions: Linkages to child aggression and prosocial behavior. Social Development, 17(2), 259-277.
  • Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268.
  • Gottman, J., Katz, L., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-Emotion. New York: Routledge.
  • Grady, J. S. (2020). Parents’ reactions to toddlers’ emotions: Relations with toddler shyness and gender. Early Child Development and Care, 190(12), 1855–1862.
  • Güven, E., & Erden, G. (2017). Duygu sosyalleştirmenin çocuklarda gözlenen davranış sorunlarına katkısı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32(79), 18–32.
  • Hasçuhadar, B. (2015). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda ebeveynlik davranışları, duygu sosyalleştirme, hazzı geciktirme, sosyal yeterlilik ve yaratıcılık arasındaki ilişkiler. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bolu.
  • Hastings, P. D., Utendale, W. T., & Sullivan, C. (2007). The Socialization of Prosocial Development. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (p. 638–664). Guilford.
  • Hurrell, K. E., Hudson, J. L., &Schniering, C. A. (2015). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: Relationships with emotion regulation in children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, (29), 72-82.
  • İlhan, T. (2017). Ebeveynlerin duygu sosyalleştirme stratejileri ile çocukların sosyal yetkinlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Johnson, A. M., Hawes, D. J., Eisenberg, N., Kohlhoff, J., & Dudeney, J. (2017). Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 54, 65-80.
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi Kavramlar İlkeler Teknikler. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Kaya, E. (2016). Babaların duygu sosyalleştirme uygulamaları ve bu uygulamaların okul öncesi çocuklarının sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerindeki rolü. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kitzmann, K., & Howard, K. M. (2011). Emotion socialization by early childhood educators: Conceptual models from psychology. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, (5), 23-44.
  • Li, D., Li, D., Wu, N., & Wang, Z. (2019). Intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation through parents' reactions to children's negative emotions: Tests of unique, actor, partner, and mediating effects. Children and Youth Services Review, 101, 113-122.
  • Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. S. (2012). Culture and emotion: The integration of biological and cultural contributions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), 91-118.
  • Nelson, J. A., & Boyer, B. P. (2018). Maternal responses to negative emotions and child externalizing behavior: Different relations for 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐year‐olds. Social Development, 27(3), 482-494.
  • O'neal, C. R., & Magai, C. (2005). Do parents respond in different ways when children feel different emotions? The emotional context of parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 467-487.
  • Ornaghi, V., Pepe, A., Agliati, A., & Grazzani, I. (2019). The contribution of emotion knowledge, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style to explaining toddlers’ emotion regulation. Social Development, 28(3), 581-598.
  • Ornaghi, V., Conte, E., & Grazzani, I. (2020). Empathy in toddlers: the role of emotion regulation, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2844.
  • Özen Uyar, R., Yılmaz Genç, M. M., & Aktaş Arnas, Y. (2018). Okul öncesi dönem çocukların duygu düzenleme ve duyguları anlama becerilerinin yordayıcısı olarak annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları. Eğitim ve Bilim 43(195). doi: 10.15390/EB.2018.7629
  • Özkan, H. K. (2015). Annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları ile çocukların benlik algısı ve sosyal problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Özkan, H. K., & Aksoy, A. B. (2017). An investigation of maternal emotion socialization behaviors, children's self-perceptions, and social problem-solving skills. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 67, 125-139.
  • Özkan, S. (2019). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların duygu düzenleme becerileri ile ebeveynlerinin sosyal sorun çözme ve çocuklarının olumsuz duygularıyla başetme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Saarni, C. (2001). Cognition, Context, and Goals: Significant Components in Social-Emotional Effectiveness. Social Development, 10(1), 125-29.
  • Seçer, Z., & Karabulut, N. (2016). Anne-babaların duygusal sosyalleştirme davranışları ile okul öncesi çocukların sosyal becerilerinin analizi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(185), 147-165.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education, Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sema İnce 0000-0002-3007-7637

Ebru Ersay 0000-0002-1326-238X

Early Pub Date March 15, 2022
Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date February 3, 2022
Acceptance Date March 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA İnce, S., & Ersay, E. (2022). Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuğuna Sahip Anne ve Babaların Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışlarının İncelenmesi. Gelişim Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(5), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.1067801

Journal of Development and Psychology (JODAP)