Osmanlı sağlık yapılarında fiziksel çevre koşullarının etkileri: Edirne 2. Beyazit Külliyesi

Öz

Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Darüşşifa/Şifahane gibi isimlerle karşımıza çıkan sağlık yapıları; hem halk sağlığına hizmet eden hem de tıp eğitiminin sürdürüldüğü medreselerle birlikte tasarlanan alanlardır. Anadolu Selçuklular döneminden başlayıp Osmanlı’da da Bursa, İstanbul, Edirne, Manisa gibi birçok şehirde inşa edilmiş bu yapıların çoğu günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Edirne Sultan II. Beyazıt Külliyesi Şifahanesi bu yapılardan biridir. Bu çalışmada II. Beyazıt Külliyesi Şifahanesi’nin yerleşim alanı özellikleri ile plan ve yapı kabuğu özellikleri birlikte ele alınarak fiziksel çevre verilerinin Şifahane tasarımına etkisi ve kullanıcılarına sağladığı iç ortam kalitesi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada fiziksel çevre verileri; ısıl performans, doğal aydınlatma, havalandırma ve akustik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca mevcut durumun yapının enerji tüketimine etkisi de hesaplanmıştır. Bunun için çalışmada literatür araştırması, doğrudan gözlem, yerinde inceleme, simülasyon, ölçme ve fotoğraflarla belgeleme gibi yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Şifahane’nin 530 yıl öncesinde fonksiyon, planlama ve yapı kabuğu özellikleri açısından çevre koşullarıyla uyumlu olduğu, kullanıcılar açısından gerekli konfor şartını sağlarken enerji tüketiminin de kabul edilebilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• II. Beyazıt Külliyesi Şifahanesi
• Sağlık yapıları
• Tarihi binalar
• İç ortam kalitesi
• Fiziksel çevre koşulları

The effects of physical environment in Ottoman healthcare facilities: 2nd Beyazid Complex in Edirne

Abstract

Healthcare facilities have an important place in Ottoman Architecture. Started to be built during the Anatolian Seljuk period and continued into the Ottoman in many cities, they manage to survive. However, it is not possible to use them with their original functions today. Most of them are used by serving as exhibition and museum buildings like Edirne Sultan 2nd Beyazid Health Complex. In the use of such historical buildings, the examination of their response to changing living conditions and needs is important. This study investigates how the physical environment affected the design of the complex, and the impacts of its planning and building envelope on today’s IEQ. The physical environmental data were discussed about thermal, daylight, ventilation, and acoustics performances by calculating and evaluating the existing energy consumption of the building. Methods like literature review, direct observation, on-site examination, simulation, and documenting with photographs were used. It was determined that five hundred years ago, the building was compatible with its physical environmental data in terms of its function, planning, and building envelope, and, as being a museum today, it provides all the necessary comfort conditions for its users, and that the energy consumption is at an acceptable level.

Keywords

• 2nd Beyazid Health Complex
• Healthcare facility
• Historical buildings
• Indoor environmental quality
• Physical environment

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