Deneyimlenen ve Varsayımsal Bir Deprem Sonrası Mekânsal Olanaklar ve İnsan Davranışları: 2020 Ege Denizi Depremi

Öz

Depremler, özellikle yüksek yoğunluklu kentsel alanlarda yaşayan bireyler için önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Deprem sonrası bireylerin güvenli bölgelere tahliyesi, afet yönetimi açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 2020 Ege Denizi Depremi’ni deneyimlemiş üniversite öğrencilerinin gerçek ve varsayımsal deprem anlarındaki tahliye davranışlarını incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin tercih ettiği açık alan türleri, tahliye güzergâhlarının mesafeleri ve bu tercihlerde etkili olan bireysel özelliklere ilişkin bilgiler anket ve harita işaretleme yöntemiyle elde edilmiş ve istatistiksel analizlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, öğrencilerin gerçek deprem anında boş alan gibi “plansız açık alanlara”, varsayımsal senaryoda ise yeşil alan ve toplanma alanı gibi “planlı açık alanlara” yöneldiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, güvenli alana erişimde gerçek deprem durumunda ortalama yaklaşık 95 m, varsayımsal durumda ise yaklaşık 140 m mesafe kat ettikleri görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar depreme ilişkin farkındalılık arttıkça bireylerin kısmen daha uzakta bulunan daha uygun alanlara gitmeyi tercih ettiklerini göstermiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen bulgular, tahliye davranışlarının yalnızca demografik değişkenlere göre değil, aynı zamanda mekânsal çevrenin sunduğu olanaklara göre de şekillendiğini ortaya koyarak çevresel olanaklar teorisini desteklemektedir. Araştırma, deprem sonrası bireylerin güvenli alanlara tahliyesinde riskleri azaltmak adına, planlı açık alanların herkes için erişilebilir hale getirilmesine yönelik planlama uygulamalarının ve yerel yönetimlerce belirlenen toplanma alanlarının görünürlüğünü artıracak kentsel tasarım müdahalelerinin gerekliliğinin altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deprem
• Mekansal Davranış
• Kentsel Mekan
• Mekansal Olanaklar

Spatial Opportunities and Human Behavior After Experienced and Hypothetical Earthquakes: 2020 Aegean Sea

Abstract

Earthquakes pose significant risks, especially in densely populated urban areas. Post-earthquake evacuation to safe zones is critical for effective disaster management. This study examines the real and hypothetical evacuation behaviors of university students who experienced the 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake. Data on preferred open space types, evacuation route distances, and influencing individual characteristics were collected through surveys and map-marking techniques, then analyzed statistically. Findings indicate that during the actual earthquake, students moved toward “unplanned open spaces” like vacant lots, while in the hypothetical scenario, they preferred “planned open spaces” such as green areas and designated gathering points. The average evacuation distance was about 95 meters in the real event and 140 meters in the hypothetical case, suggesting that increased awareness may lead individuals to choose more appropriate but farther locations. The study supports the theory of environmental affordances, revealing that evacuation behaviors are shaped not only by demographic factors but also by spatial features. The results highlight the importance of ensuring the accessibility of planned open spaces and enhancing the visibility of official gathering areas through urban design interventions to reduce evacuation-related risks.

Keywords

• Earthquake
• Spatial Behavior
• Urban Space
• Spatial Opportunities

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