KORUYUCU AĞIZ SAĞLIĞI DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ VE SAĞLIK İNANÇ MODELİ UYGULAMASI

Öz

Giriş: Koruyucu ağız sağlığı bakımı, ağız hastalıkları riskinin azaltılmasında ve genel sağlığın desteklenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak Türkiye’de koruyucu diş hekimliği hizmetleri henüz istenilen düzeyde değildir ve sağlık inançları, güven ve diş hekimi kaygısının koruyucu davranışlar üzerindeki birlikte etkilerine dair çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Amaç: Bu çalışma, Planlı Davranış Teorisi (PDT), Sağlık İnanç Modeli (SİM), kaygı ve güven değişkenlerini bütüncül bir çerçevede birleştirerek bireylerin koruyucu bakım davranışlarını etkileyen faktörleri incelemektedir. Yöntem: Araştırmada kesitsel bir yöntem kullanılmış ve Ankara’da 523 katılımcıdan anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Veriler, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik değerlendirmeleri, hipotez testi için önyükleme, aracılık analizi ve tahmin değerlendirmesini içeren kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgular, algılanan engeller dışında tüm SİM bileşenlerinin, algılanan davranışsal kontrol (ADK) hariç tüm PDT bileşenlerinin ve kaygının koruyucu bakım niyetini anlamlı şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Koruyucu davranış ise ADK, güven ve kaygı değişkenlerinden anlamlı biçimde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Güven, kaygı ve algılanan engellerle negatif; koruyucu diş hekimi ziyareti dâhil olmak üzere PDT ve SİM’e ait diğer tüm bileşenlerle ise pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte güven, koruyucu bakım niyetiyle doğrudan anlamlı bir ilişki göstermemektedir.  Aracılık analizleri, kaygı ile birlikte PDT ve SİM bileşenlerinin (ADK ve engeller hariç) güven ile niyet arasındaki ilişkiyi tam aracılık yoluyla açıkladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kaygı ve ADK güven ile davranış arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolü üstlendiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu araştırma, koruyucu ağız sağlığı hizmeti sunucularına, bireylerin koruyucu bakım arayışını engelleyebilecek diş kaygısı ve güven gibi çeşitli zorlukları ele alarak hedefe yönelik koruyucu ve eğitici girişimler tasarlamaları için değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diş hekimine gitme
• Planlı Davranış Teorisi
• Sağlık İnanç Modeli
• Güven
• Önleyici ağız bakımı.
• Diş hekimi kaygısı

FACTORS INFLUENCING PREVENTIVE ORAL CARE BEHAVIORS: APPLYING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

Abstract

Background: Preventive oral care is crucial for reducing the risk of oral diseases and promoting overall health. However, in Turkey, preventive care services have not yet reached the desired level and studies on the impact of health beliefs, trust, and dental anxiety on preventive dental attendance intentions and behaviors remains limited. Aim: This study examined the factors influencing individuals' behaviors in seeking preventive care, using a model that integrated the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Health Belief Model (HBM), anxiety, and trust. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design, and data were collected through a survey from 523 participants in Ankara. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, including reliability and validity assessment, bootstrapping for hypothesis testing, mediation analysis, and predictive assessment. Results: The findings showed that HBM constructs (except barriers), TPB constructs (except perceived behavioral control [PBC]), and anxiety predicted intention, while PBC, trust, and anxiety predicted behavior. Trust is negatively associated with anxiety and HBM barriers, while being positively associated with all other HBM and TPB constructs, including dental attendance, but shows no significant association with intention. Accordingly, anxiety and all TPB and HBM constructs (except PBC and barriers) fully mediated the relationship between trust and intention, whereas anxiety and PBC partially mediated the relationship between trust and behavior. Conclusion: This research provides valuable insights for oral healthcare providers to design targeted prevention and education initiatives, addressing various challenges like dental anxiety and trust that may hinder seeking preventive care.

Keywords

• Preventive oral care
• Dental attendance
• Dental anxiety
• Planned Behavior Theory
• Health Belief Model
• Trust

Kaynakça

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