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BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 48 - 60, 17.03.2021

Fatih Sırıken , Belgin Sırıken , Buket Demırcı

Abstract

Gıda sahtekârlığı, farkındalığı, kaygıları ve tehlikesi gittikçe artan bir konudur. Gıdalarda yapılan sahtekarlıklar, gıda kalitesini ve halk sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen küresel bir sorundur. Çeşitli ülkelerde ve ülkemizde gıda sahtekarlıkları ile ilgili yasal tanımlamalar yapılmıştır. Sahtekârlık yapılmasının çeşitli amaçları olsa daha ana sebep maddi kazançtır. İkincil neden ise verilen gıda kaynaklarının kıt olmasıdır. Küresel ticaret, gıdaların uzak mesafelerden tüketicilere ulaşmasına olanak sağlamakta ve günümüzde de pek çok ürünün bileşimi ve girdileri çok çeşitli ülkelerden gelmektedir. Bu durum, istemeden gıdaların kontaminasyonuna ve gıda güvenliği kaygılarına neden olmaktadır. Gıda sahtekarlıklarına karşı tüketicileri korumak için, gıdaların test edilmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve gıda sahtekarlığının saptanması gereklidir. Geniş yelpazede yapılan gıda sahtekarlıklarını ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla kullanılan gelenekse analiz yöntemleri yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bunların yerine izotop işaretleme, genomik ve proteomiks (geniş ölçekli protein analiz yöntemleri-kütle spektrometresi) analiz yöntemleri gibi daha kapsamlı ve güvenilir analitik metotlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Yapılan bu derlemede gıda sahtekarlığının tanımı, amacı, ilgili yasal düzenlemeler, olası bazı yan etkileri, en çok sahtekarlık yapılan ürünler, gıda hilelerini saptama yöntemleri ve ülkemizde 2019 yılında gıda sahtekarlığını tespit amacıyla yürütülen analizler ile bunların sonuçları irdelenecektir.

Keywords

Gıda sahtekarlığı Sağlık Riski Analiz Yötemleri

References

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  • 2. Spink J, Moyer DC. Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud. Journal of Food Science. 2011; 76(9): 157-163.
  • 3. Sprink J, Moyer DC. Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Froud. Journal of Food Science. 2011; 76(9): 157-163.
  • 4. Wilson B. Swindled: From Poison Sweets to Counterfeit Coffee—The Dark History of Food Cheats, John Murray Publishers, 2008.
  • 5. Manning L, Soon JM. Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast evolving literature. Journal of Food Science. 2016; 81(4): 823-834.
  • 6. Mueller T. Extra Virginity: The Sublime and Scandalous World of Olive Oil, W.W. Norton & Company, 2011.
  • 7. Johnson R. Food fraud and economically motivated adulteration offood and food ients ingredients. Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report, R43358.Washing, 2014.
  • 8. Buck EH. Seafood Marketing: Combating Fraud and Deceptin. Congressional Research Service, RL34124.ton, DC (USA), 2010.
  • 9. Bottemiller H. Chinese Authorities Seize Melamine-tainted Dairy. Food Safety News, April 29. Date: 4.11.2019. Available at: https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/04/chinese-authorities-seize-more-melamine-tainted-dairy.
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  • 19. Manning L. Soon JM. Developing systems to control food adulteration. Food Policy.2014; 49(1): 23–32
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  • 28. Georgio CA, Danezis G. Food Authentication: Management, Analysis and Regulation. Food Authentication: Management, Analysis and Regulation. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2017, p. 19-24.
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  • 33. Çiçek KÇ, Yilmaz N, Çelik A, Meram IG. (2005) Kapsaisinin (Kırmızı Biber) İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine etkileri. Date: 5.12.2019. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270745881_Kapsaisinin_Kirmizi_Biber_Ins an_Sagligi_Uzerine_Etkileri.
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  • 37. Prabakaran E, Pandian K. Amperometric detection of Sudan I in red chili powder samplesusing ag nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode. Food Chemistry. 2015; 166: 198-205.
  • 38. Tsuda S, Matsusaka N, Madarame H, Ueno S, Susa N, Ishida K, Sasaki YF. The comet assay in eight mouse organs: results with 24 azo compounds. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2000; 465 (1), 11-26.
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  • 43. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Yönetmeliği (2013). Yayımlandığı Tarih: 30 Haziran 2013 Sayı: 28693.
  • 44. Özkara E, Üzün İ, Cantürk G, Tanç O, Cantürk N, Erkol Z Ani ölüm olgularında sildenafil (Viagra) kullanımı. Adli Tıp Dergisi (Journal of Forensic Medicine). 2010; 24 (1):22-29.
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  • 46. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska-Szajda B, Szajda SD, Simonienko K, Zalewska A, Szulc A. Sibutramine-induced mania as the first manifestation of bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12:43.
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  • 49. Nathan PJ, O’Neill BV, Napolitano A, Bullmore ET. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of centrally acting antiobesity drugs. CNS Neuroscience Theraphy. 2011; 5: 490-505.
  • 50. Cubero-Leon E, de Rudder O, Maquet A. Metabolomics for organic food authentication: Results from a long-term field study in carrots. Food Chemistry. 2007; 239:760-770.
  • 51. Ali -ME, Hashim U, Mustafa S, Che Man YB. Swine-specific PCR-RFLP assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for semiquantitative detection of pork in commercial meat products. Food Analytical Methods. 2011; 5(3):613-623.
  • 52. Nurjuliana M, Che Man YB, Mat Hashim D, Mohamed AKS. Rapididentification of pork for halal authentication using the electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometer with headspace analyzer. Meat Science. 2011;88(4) 638-644.
  • 53. Rahman A, Sismindary Erwanto Y, Che Man YB. Analysis of pork adulterationin beef meatball using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meat Science. 2011;88: 91-95.
  • 54. Asensio L, Gonzalez I, Garcia T, Martin R. Determination of food authenticity by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA). Food Control. 2008; 19(1): 1-8.
  • 55. Che Man YB, Mustafa S, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Nordin R, Sazili AQ. Porcine-specificpolymerase chain reaction assay based on mitochondrial D-loopgene for the identification of pork in raw meat. International Journal of FoodProperties. 2012; 15(2): 134–144.
  • 56. Ali ME, Hashim U, Kashif M, Mustafa S, Che Man YB, Abd Hamid SB. Development of swine-specific DNA markers for biosensor-based halal authentication. Genetic and Molecular Research. 2012; 11 (2): 1762-1772.
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Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 48 - 60, 17.03.2021

Fatih Sırıken , Belgin Sırıken , Buket Demırcı

Abstract

References

  • 1. Bansal S, Singh A, Mangal M, Mangal AK, Kumar S. Food adulteration: Sources, health risks, and detection methods. Critical Reviews Food Science and Nutrition. 2017; 57(6): 1174-1189.
  • 2. Spink J, Moyer DC. Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud. Journal of Food Science. 2011; 76(9): 157-163.
  • 3. Sprink J, Moyer DC. Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Froud. Journal of Food Science. 2011; 76(9): 157-163.
  • 4. Wilson B. Swindled: From Poison Sweets to Counterfeit Coffee—The Dark History of Food Cheats, John Murray Publishers, 2008.
  • 5. Manning L, Soon JM. Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast evolving literature. Journal of Food Science. 2016; 81(4): 823-834.
  • 6. Mueller T. Extra Virginity: The Sublime and Scandalous World of Olive Oil, W.W. Norton & Company, 2011.
  • 7. Johnson R. Food fraud and economically motivated adulteration offood and food ients ingredients. Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report, R43358.Washing, 2014.
  • 8. Buck EH. Seafood Marketing: Combating Fraud and Deceptin. Congressional Research Service, RL34124.ton, DC (USA), 2010.
  • 9. Bottemiller H. Chinese Authorities Seize Melamine-tainted Dairy. Food Safety News, April 29. Date: 4.11.2019. Available at: https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/04/chinese-authorities-seize-more-melamine-tainted-dairy.
  • 10. Moore J. The USP Food Fraud Database, and Beyond” Presentation at the USP Workshop of Economically Motivated Adulteration of Food Ingredients and Dietary Supplements, September 26–27, 2013.
  • 11. Johnson, R. Food Fraud and “Economically Motivated Adulteration of food and Food Ingredient. Congressional Research service, Informing the legistative debate since 1994. 2014. Date: 01.11.2019. Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43358.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 1.11.2019.
  • 12. European Commission (EC). Q&A on Horsemeat and Ireland’s Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Equine DNA and Mislabeling of Processed Beef Investigation, March, 2013. Date: 11.11.2019. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/horsemeat/March 2013.
  • 13. GMA (The Grocery Manufacturees Association). Consumer Product Fraud, Deterrence and Detection, 2010, Date: 01.11.2019. https://studylib.net/doc/11917504/consumer-product-fraud--deterrence-and-detection-strength.
  • 14. Everstine K, Kircher A. Estimated by the Food Standards Agency of the U.K., “The Implications of Food Fraud,” Food Quality & Safety magazine, June/July 2013.
  • 15. Ryan JM. Food Fraud.Elsevier Inc.Academic Press, Palm Bay, FL, USA,2016.
  • 16. Grundy H, Kelly SD, Charlton AJ, Donarski AJ, Hird S, Hird HJ, Collins MJ. Food Authenticity and Food Fraud Research: Achievements and Emerging Issues, January, 2012.
  • 17. FDA (2018). Mitigation strategies to protect food against intentional adulteration: Guidance for industry. U.S. Department of health and human services food and Drug administration center for food safety and applied nutrition June 2018. Date: 15 December 2018. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/ GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/UCM611043.
  • 18. Mitenius N, Kennedy SP, Busta FF. Food defense. In: Motarjemi Y, Lelieveld H Food Safety Management, Academic Press, USA 2014 p: 937-958.
  • 19. Manning L. Soon JM. Developing systems to control food adulteration. Food Policy.2014; 49(1): 23–32
  • 20. .BRC (British Retail Consortium). Global standard food safety, Vol. 8, BRC Global Standart. Date: 2.11.2019. Available at: http://www.medagri.org/docs/group/108/free_locked_BRC%20Food%20Standard%208%20Web_English.pdf.
  • 21. Veteriner Hizmetleri Bitki Sağlığı Gıda ve Yem Kanunu (2010) Kanun No: 5996. Yayımlandığı Tarih: 113 Haziran 2010 gün ve 27610 sayılı Resmî gazete.
  • 22. 28145 sayılı Gıda ve Yemin Resmi Kontrollerine Dair Yönetmelik, 2011. Yayımlandığı Tarih: Yayımlandığı: 17 Aralık
  • 23. Smith R. Rural rogues: A case story on the “smokies” trade. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2004; 10(4): 277–294.
  • 24. Smith R. Documenting and Investigating the entrepreneurial tradein illegal veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In: Handbook of Veterinary Business and Enterprise. Oxford, England: Elsevier,2013.
  • 25. Huck CW. Pezzei C K, & Huck-Pezzei, V. A. An industryperspective of food fraud. Current Opinion in Food Science, 2016;10: 32–37.
  • 26. Aung MM. & Chang YS. Traceability in a food supply chain: Safety and quality perspectives. Food Control. 2014; 39, 172–184.
  • 27. Riviere J. E. & Buckley GJ. Ensuring safe foods and medical products through stronger regulatory systems abroad. Washington, DC, USA: NationalAcademies Press, 2012.
  • 28. Georgio CA, Danezis G. Food Authentication: Management, Analysis and Regulation. Food Authentication: Management, Analysis and Regulation. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2017, p. 19-24.
  • 29. Spink J, Spink J, Fortin ND, Moyer DC, Miao H, Wu YN. Food authenticity and adulteration food fraud prevention: Policy, strategy, and decision-making – Implementation steps for a governmentagency or industry. CHIMIA, 2016;70(70), 320–328.
  • 30. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Resmi web sayfası (Taklit ve Tağşiş). Gıdalar, 2019. Date: 5.11.2019. Available at: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/Lists/Duyuru/Attachments/1071/Kamuoyu_Duyuru_Listesi.pdf.
  • 31. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği.Tebliğ No: 2012/58.27 Temmuz 2012, Sayı: 2866.
  • 32. Türkiye Arı Yetiştiriciliği Merkez Birliği (TAB). Bal, 2003. Date: 25.10.2019. Available at: https://www.tab.org.tr/bal.
  • 33. Çiçek KÇ, Yilmaz N, Çelik A, Meram IG. (2005) Kapsaisinin (Kırmızı Biber) İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine etkileri. Date: 5.12.2019. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270745881_Kapsaisinin_Kirmizi_Biber_Ins an_Sagligi_Uzerine_Etkileri.
  • 34. Akgül A. Baharat Bilimi ve Teknolojisi, Gıda Teknolojisi DerneğiYayınları, No15, Ankara,1993.
  • 35. Demiray E, Tülek Y. Kurutma İşlemininKırmızı Biberdeki Renk Maddelerine Etkisi.GıdaTeknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi. 2012; 7(3):1-10
  • 36. Yiğit H, İnanç AL. Açıkta ve Ambalajlı Olarak Satışa Sunulan Kırmızı biberlerde Sentetik Boya Varlığı. Akademik Gıda. 2017; 15(3): 261-268.
  • 37. Prabakaran E, Pandian K. Amperometric detection of Sudan I in red chili powder samplesusing ag nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode. Food Chemistry. 2015; 166: 198-205.
  • 38. Tsuda S, Matsusaka N, Madarame H, Ueno S, Susa N, Ishida K, Sasaki YF. The comet assay in eight mouse organs: results with 24 azo compounds. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 2000; 465 (1), 11-26.
  • 39. DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe. MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2003. Mitteilung 39.WILEY-VCH-Verlag, Weinheim.
  • 40. McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Stevenson J. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2007; 370 (9598): 1560-1567.
  • 41. WHO (World Health Organization). International Agency for Researh on Canser: IARC Monographs on the evaluation of The Carcinogen Risk to Human. Supplemen 7. Volume 1 to 42, Lyon Farance, 1987.
  • 42. European Commission (EC). n. 460/2003 of 20 June 2003. Official Journal of Eouropen Union. 2003: L 154:114.
  • 43. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Yönetmeliği (2013). Yayımlandığı Tarih: 30 Haziran 2013 Sayı: 28693.
  • 44. Özkara E, Üzün İ, Cantürk G, Tanç O, Cantürk N, Erkol Z Ani ölüm olgularında sildenafil (Viagra) kullanımı. Adli Tıp Dergisi (Journal of Forensic Medicine). 2010; 24 (1):22-29.
  • 45. Florentin M, Liberopoulos EN, Elisaf MS. Sibutramine-associated adverse effects: apractical guide for its safe use. Obesite Review. 2008; 9:378-87.
  • 46. Waszkiewicz N, Zalewska-Szajda B, Szajda SD, Simonienko K, Zalewska A, Szulc A. Sibutramine-induced mania as the first manifestation of bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12:43.
  • 47. Buckett WR, Thomas PC, Luscombe GP. The pharmacology of sibutramine hydrochloriden (BTS 54 524), a new antidepressant which induces rapid noradrenerjic down-regulation. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 1988; 12 (43):575-84.
  • 48. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı.) T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı İlaç ve Eczacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Reductil (Sibutramin) hakkında, 22.01.2010 tarih 006064 sayılı yazısı.
  • 49. Nathan PJ, O’Neill BV, Napolitano A, Bullmore ET. Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of centrally acting antiobesity drugs. CNS Neuroscience Theraphy. 2011; 5: 490-505.
  • 50. Cubero-Leon E, de Rudder O, Maquet A. Metabolomics for organic food authentication: Results from a long-term field study in carrots. Food Chemistry. 2007; 239:760-770.
  • 51. Ali -ME, Hashim U, Mustafa S, Che Man YB. Swine-specific PCR-RFLP assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for semiquantitative detection of pork in commercial meat products. Food Analytical Methods. 2011; 5(3):613-623.
  • 52. Nurjuliana M, Che Man YB, Mat Hashim D, Mohamed AKS. Rapididentification of pork for halal authentication using the electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometer with headspace analyzer. Meat Science. 2011;88(4) 638-644.
  • 53. Rahman A, Sismindary Erwanto Y, Che Man YB. Analysis of pork adulterationin beef meatball using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meat Science. 2011;88: 91-95.
  • 54. Asensio L, Gonzalez I, Garcia T, Martin R. Determination of food authenticity by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA). Food Control. 2008; 19(1): 1-8.
  • 55. Che Man YB, Mustafa S, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Nordin R, Sazili AQ. Porcine-specificpolymerase chain reaction assay based on mitochondrial D-loopgene for the identification of pork in raw meat. International Journal of FoodProperties. 2012; 15(2): 134–144.
  • 56. Ali ME, Hashim U, Kashif M, Mustafa S, Che Man YB, Abd Hamid SB. Development of swine-specific DNA markers for biosensor-based halal authentication. Genetic and Molecular Research. 2012; 11 (2): 1762-1772.
  • 57. Köppel R, Ruf J, Rentsch J. Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection and quantificationof DNA from beef, pork, horse and sheep. European Food Researchand Technology. 2011;232(1): 151–1.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Fatih Sırıken

Belgin Sırıken

Buket Demırcı 0000-0002-3442-5061

Publication Date March 17, 2021
Submission Date December 29, 2020
Acceptance Date January 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sırıken, F., Sırıken, B., & Demırcı, B. (2021). BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 48-60.
AMA Sırıken F, Sırıken B, Demırcı B. BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI. Gazi Sağlık Bil. March 2021;6(1):48-60.
Chicago Sırıken, Fatih, Belgin Sırıken, and Buket Demırcı. “BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 48-60.
EndNote Sırıken F, Sırıken B, Demırcı B (March 1, 2021) BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6 1 48–60.
IEEE F. Sırıken, B. Sırıken, and B. Demırcı, “BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI”, Gazi Sağlık Bil, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2021.
ISNAD Sırıken, Fatih et al. “BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6/1 (March 2021), 48-60.
JAMA Sırıken F, Sırıken B, Demırcı B. BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2021;6:48–60.
MLA Sırıken, Fatih et al. “BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2021, pp. 48-60.
Vancouver Sırıken F, Sırıken B, Demırcı B. BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2021;6(1):48-60.
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