BİR DERLEME: GIDA SAHTEKÂRLIĞI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 48 - 60, 17.03.2021

Fatih Sırıken Belgin Sırıken Buket Demırcı

Öz

Gıda sahtekârlığı, farkındalığı, kaygıları ve tehlikesi gittikçe artan bir konudur. Gıdalarda yapılan sahtekarlıklar, gıda kalitesini ve halk sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen küresel bir sorundur. Çeşitli ülkelerde ve ülkemizde gıda sahtekarlıkları ile ilgili yasal tanımlamalar yapılmıştır. Sahtekârlık yapılmasının çeşitli amaçları olsa daha ana sebep maddi kazançtır. İkincil neden ise verilen gıda kaynaklarının kıt olmasıdır. Küresel ticaret, gıdaların uzak mesafelerden tüketicilere ulaşmasına olanak sağlamakta ve günümüzde de pek çok ürünün bileşimi ve girdileri çok çeşitli ülkelerden gelmektedir. Bu durum, istemeden gıdaların kontaminasyonuna ve gıda güvenliği kaygılarına neden olmaktadır. Gıda sahtekarlıklarına karşı tüketicileri korumak için, gıdaların test edilmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve gıda sahtekarlığının saptanması gereklidir. Geniş yelpazede yapılan gıda sahtekarlıklarını ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla kullanılan gelenekse analiz yöntemleri yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bunların yerine izotop işaretleme, genomik ve proteomiks (geniş ölçekli protein analiz yöntemleri-kütle spektrometresi) analiz yöntemleri gibi daha kapsamlı ve güvenilir analitik metotlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Yapılan bu derlemede gıda sahtekarlığının tanımı, amacı, ilgili yasal düzenlemeler, olası bazı yan etkileri, en çok sahtekarlık yapılan ürünler, gıda hilelerini saptama yöntemleri ve ülkemizde 2019 yılında gıda sahtekarlığını tespit amacıyla yürütülen analizler ile bunların sonuçları irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gıda sahtekarlığı, Sağlık Riski, Analiz Yötemleri

Kaynakça

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