EBEVEYN BESLENME EĞİTİMİNİN OKUL ÇAĞI ÇOCUKLARINDA VERİLEN BESLENME EĞİTİMİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 135 - 148, 23.12.2022

Hazal Küçükkaraca Zakkour , Hilal Yıldıran

https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1140710

Öz

Okul çağı çocukluk döneminde kazanılan sağlıksız beslenme alışkanlıkları ve yeme davranışları yetişkinliğe kadar devam edebilmekte, obezite ve Tip 2 diyabet gibi kronik hastalıkların gelişme riskini artırabilmektedir. Özellikle okul çağı çocuklarda yeme alışkanlıklarında erken yapılan doğru değişikliklerin sağlığı geliştirebileceği ve sonraki yaşamda hastalık geliştirme riskini azaltabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle okul temelli beslenme eğitim programları da dâhil olmak üzere erken dönemde sağlıklı beslenmeyi destekleyen programların önemi artmaktadır. Çeşitli araştırmalar, cinsiyet, yaş, sosyoekonomik durum ve yaşanılan ülke gibi demografik özelliklerden bağımsız olarak, ebeveynlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının çocukların beslenme davranışları üzerinde büyük bir etkisi olduğunu gözlemlemiştir. Aile ile birlikte yeme, ebeveynlerin rol model olması, ebeveyn beslenme bilgi düzeyi, ebeveyn teşvikinin artması ve aşırı baskının azalmasının çocukların beslenme davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ebeveynleri tarafından sağlıklı beslenme konusunda teşvik edilen çocukların okul temelli beslenme eğitim programlarından edindikleri bilgileri daha uzun süre kullanım potansiyelleri vardır. Bu durum, ev ortamının çocuklarda sağlıklı beslenme davranışını desteklemedeki önemli rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Ebeveyn katılımlı çocuk besleme eğitimlerinin, diyetle ilgili hastalıkları önlemek için gelecekte uygulanacak diyet müdahalelerinin ve politikalarının tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri olarak değerlendirildiği çalışmalar artırılmalıdır. Bu derleme de, ebeveyn beslenme eğitiminin okul çağı çocuklarında verilen beslenme eğitimine etkisinin değerlendirildiği çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme eğitimi, okul çağı, obezite, ebeveyn beslenme eğitimi

THE EFFECT OF PARENT'S NUTRITION EDUCATION ON NUTRITION EDUCATION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

Öz

Unhealthy eating habits and eating behaviors gained during school-age childhood can continue into adulthood, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. It is stated that early, correct changes in eating habits, especially in school-age children, can improve health and reduce the risk of developing the disease in later life. For this reason, the importance of programs that support healthy nutrition in the early period, including school-based nutrition education programs, is increasing. Various studies have observed that parents' dietary habits have a great influence on children's eating behaviors, regardless of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, socioeconomic status, and country of residence. Eating with the family, role models of parents, level of parental nutrition knowledge, increased parental encouragement, and reduction of excessive pressure suggest that children's nutritional behaviors can be positively affected. Children who are encouraged by their parents to eat healthily have the potential to use the knowledge they have gained from school-based nutrition education programs for a longer period of time. This highlights the important role of the home environment in supporting healthy eating behavior in children. Studies in which parent-involved child nutrition education is evaluated as modifiable risk factors that can help design future dietary interventions and policies to prevent diet-related diseases should be increased. In this review, studies evaluating the effect of parental nutrition education on nutrition education given to school-age children were examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutrition education, school-age, obesity, parent nutrition education

Kaynakça

• [1] TOÇBİ. Türkiye’de okul çağı çocuklarında (6-10 yaş grubu) büyümenin izlenmesi (TOÇBİ) projesi araştırma raporu. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara. 2011.
• [2] Mushtaq MU, Gull S, Mushtaq K, Abdullah HM, Khurshid U, Shahid U, et al. Height, weight and BMI percentiles and nutritional status relative to the international growth references among Pakistani school-aged children. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12(1):1-12.
• [3] Srivastava A, Mahmood SE, Srivastava PM, Shrotriya VP, Kumar B. Nutritional status of school-age children-A scenario of urban slums in India. Arch Public Health. 2012;70(1):1-8.
• [4] Pekcan G, Şanlıer N, Baş M, Başoğlu S, Acar Tek N. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi 2015 (TÜBER). Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı. 2016.
• [5] Plaut D, Thomas M, Hill T, Worthington J, Fernandes M, Burnett N. Getting to education outcomes: reviewing evidence from health and education interventions. Europe PMC. 2018.
• [6] Baysal A. Beslenme. 10 ed. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınları; 2009.
• [7] Charlton K, Comerford T, Deavin N, Walton K. Characteristics of successful primary school-based experiential nutrition programmes: a systematic literature review. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(14):4642-62.
• [8] Zhou W-j, Xu X-l, Li G, Sharma M, Qie Y-L, Zhao Y. Effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and food safety education program among primary and junior high school students in Chongqing, China. Glob Health Promot. 2016;23(1):37-49.
• [9] Grabauskas V, Petkeviciene J, Kriaucioniene V, Klumbiene J. Health inequalities in Lithuania: education and nutrition habits. Medicina (Kaunas). 2004;40(9):875-83.
• [10] Correia L, Medeiros M, Chaves R, Pereira P, Ramalho R. Nutritional status of children in school age: A look of concern in an era of COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;40:619.
• [11] Zarrazquin Arizaga I, Atucha AF, Kortajarena M, Torres-Unda J, Irazusta A, Ruiz-Litago F, et al. Associations of anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, and aerobic capacity with cardiovascular risk factors of health-science students. Biol Res Nurs. 2018;20(5):549-57.
• [12] Musaiger AO, Awadhalla MS, Al-Mannai M, AlSawad M, Asokan G. Dietary habits and sedentary behaviors among health science university students in Bahrain. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2017;29(2).
• [13] Sarr B, Fernandes M, Banham L, Bundy D, Gillespie A, McMahon B, et al. The evolution of school health and nutrition in the education sector 2000–2015 in sub-Saharan Africa. Public Health Front. 2017;4:271.
• [14] Cheng G, Yang F, Xiong F, Zhao L, Zhang L, Wang Y. Comparison of nutrition education policies and programs for children in China and other selected developed countries. J Glob Health. 2020;4(3):72-8.
• [15] Nguyen VH. School-based exercise interventions effectively increase bone mineralization in children and adolescents. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2018;4(2):39-46.
• [16] Doak C, Visscher T, Renders C, Seidell J. The prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a review of interventions and programmes. Obes Rev. 2006;7(1):111-36.
• [17] Nicklas TA, Hayes D. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition guidance for healthy children ages 2 to 11 years. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(6):1038-44, 46.
• [18] Dunton GF, Liao Y, Grana R, Lagloire R, Riggs N, Chou C-P, et al. State-wide dissemination of a school-based nutrition education programme: a RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(2):422-30.
• [19] Kesztyüs D, Lauer R, Kesztyüs T, Kilian R, Steinacker JM, Group JtHBS. Costs and effects of a state-wide health promotion program in primary schools in Germany–the Baden-Württemberg Study: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172332.
• [20] Fund. WCR. The great grub club [Available from: http://www.greatgrubclub.com/
• [21] Food and Nutrition Service USDoA. Serving up My Plate: a yummy curriculum. 2014 [Available from: http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/serving-myplate-yummy-curriculum.
• [22] NSW Ministry of Health NDatHF. Healthy kids fro professionals. [Available from: http://www.healthykids.nsw.gov.au/.
• [23] Pongutta S, Ajetunmobi O, Davey C, Ferguson E, Lin L. Impacts of School Nutrition Interventions on the Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):589.
• [24] Jemmott III JB, Jemmott LS, O’Leary A, Ngwane Z, Icard L, Bellamy S, et al. Cognitive-behavioural health-promotion intervention increases fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity among South African adolescents: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Psychol Health. 2011;26(2):167-85.
• [25] Yip C, Gates M, Gates A, Hanning RM. Peer-led nutrition education programs for school-aged youth: a systematic review of the literature. Health Educ Res. 2016;31(1):82-97.
• [26] Dorado JB, Azaña GP, Viajar RV, Ramirez MARM, Ferrer EB, Buyco NG, et al. Assessing school-lunch feeding and nutrition education strategy for healthier kids in selected Philippine public schools. Nutr Health. 2020;26(3):231-42.
• [27] Jarpe-Ratner E, Folkens S, Sharma S, Daro D, Edens NK. An experiential cooking and nutrition education program increases cooking self-efficacy and vegetable consumption in children in grades 3–8. JNEB. 2016;48(10):697-705. e1.
• [28] Jadgal MS, Sayedrajabizadeh S, Sadeghi S, Nakhaei-Moghaddam T. Effectiveness of nutrition education for elementary school children based on the theory of planned behavior. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2020;8(1):308-17.
• [29] Annan RA, Apprey C, Agyemang GO, Tuekpe DM, Asamoah-Boakye O, Okonogi S, et al. Nutrition education improves knowledge and BMI-for-age in Ghanaian school-aged children. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(2):927-41.
• [30] Lee SY, Kim J, Oh S, Kim Y, Woo S, Jang HB, et al. A 24-week intervention based on nutrition care process improves diet quality, body mass index, and motivation in children and adolescents with obesity. Nutr Res. 2020;84:53-62.
• [31] Taşdemir A. İlköğretim öğrencilerinde beslenme eğitimi üzerine bir araştırma. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu. 2019;4(1):34-52.
• [32] Murimi MW, Moyeda-Carabaza AF, Nguyen B, Saha S, Amin R, Njike V. Factors that contribute to effective nutrition education interventions in children: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(8):553-80.
• [33] Peralta LR, Dudley DA, Cotton WG. Teaching healthy eating to elementary school students: a scoping review of nutrition education resources. J Sch Health. 2016;86(5):334-45.
• [34] Lin YC, Chao YL, Wu SK, Lin HH, Hsu CH, Hsu HM, et al. Comprehension of handwriting development: Pen‐grip kinetics in handwriting tasks and its relation to fine motor skills among school‐age children. Aust Occup Ther J. 2017;64(5):369-80.
• [35] Davis JN, Pérez A, Asigbee FM, Landry MJ, Vandyousefi S, Ghaddar R, et al. School-based gardening, cooking and nutrition intervention increased vegetable intake but did not reduce BMI: Texas sprouts-a cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18(1):1-14.
• [36] Knobl V, Dallacker M, Hertwig R, Mata J. Happy and healthy: How family mealtime routines relate to child nutritional health. Appetite. 2022:105939.
• [37] Fulkerson JA, Neumark‐Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Story M. Family meal frequency and weight status among adolescents: cross‐sectional and 5‐year longitudinal associations. Obesity. 2008;16(11):2529-34.
• [38] Saltzman JA, Musaad S, Bost KK, McBride BA, Fiese BH. Associations between father availability, mealtime distractions and routines, and maternal feeding responsiveness: An observational study. JFP. 2019;33(4):465.
• [39] Hammons AJ, Fiese BH. Is frequency of shared family meals related to the nutritional health of children and adolescents? Pediatrics. 2011;127(6):e1565-e74.
• [40] Rome ES. Obesity Prevention and Treatment: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2011 [Available from: https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article-abstract/32/9/363/32620/Obesity-Prevention-and-Treatment.
• [41] Pearson N, Biddle SJ, Gorely T. Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(2):267-83.
• [42] Maatoug J, Msakni Z, Zammit N, Bhiri S, Harrabi I, Boughammoura L, et al. School-based intervention as a component of a comprehensive community program for overweight and obesity prevention, Sousse, Tunisia, 2009–2014. 2015.
• [43] Alderman H, Headey DD. How important is parental education for child nutrition? World development. 2017;94:448-64.
• [44] Clark HR, Goyder E, Bissell P, Blank L, Peters J. How do parents' child-feeding behaviours influence child weight? Implications for childhood obesity policy. J Public Health. 2007;29(2):132-41.
• [45] Vereecken C, Maes L. Young children's dietary habits and associations with the mothers’ nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Appetite. 2010;54(1):44-51.
• [46] Erdem S, Özel HG, Çınar Z, Işıkhan SY. Farklı sosyoekonomik düzeye sahip çocuklarda ailenin beslenme tutum ve davranışlarının çocuğun beslenme durumuna etkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi. 2017;45(1):3-11.
• [47] El-Nmer F, Salama AA, Elhawary D. Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents and its impact on growth of their children. Menoufia Med J. 2014;27(3):612.
• [48] Hingle MD, O'Connor TM, Dave JM, Baranowski T. Parental involvement in interventions to improve child dietary intake: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2010;51(2):103-11.
• [49] Verdonschot A, de Vet E, van Seeters N, Warmer J, Collins CE, Bucher T, et al. Caregivers’ role in the effectiveness of two Dutch school-based nutrition education programmes for children aged 7–12 years old. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):140.
• [50] Asakura K, Mori S, Sasaki S, Nishiwaki Y. A school-based nutrition education program involving children and their guardians in Japan: facilitation of guardian-child communication and reduction of nutrition knowledge disparity. Nutr J. 2021;20(1):1-13.
• [51] Liquori T, Koch PD, Contento IR, Castle J. The cookshop program: outcome evaluation of a nutrition education program linking lunchroom food experiences with classroom cooking experiences. J Nutr Educ. 1998;30(5):302-13.
• [52] Perry CL, Bishop DB, Taylor G, Murray DM, Mays RW, Dudovitz BS, et al. Changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children: the 5-a-Day Power Plus program in St. Paul, Minnesota. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(4):603-9.
• [53] Jiang J, Xia X, Greiner T, Wu G, Lian G, Rosenqvist U. The effects of a 3‐year obesity intervention in schoolchildren in Beijing. Child Care Health Dev. 2007;33(5):641-6.
• [54] Prelip M, Kinsler J, Le Thai C, Erausquin JT, Slusser W. Evaluation of a school-based multicomponent nutrition education program to improve young children's fruit and vegetable consumption. JNEB. 2012;44(4):310-8.
• [55] Meng L, Xu H, Liu A, van Raaij J, Bemelmans W, Hu X, et al. The costs and cost-effectiveness of a school-based comprehensive intervention study on childhood obesity in China. PloS one. 2013;8(10):e77971.
• [56] Muros JJ, Zabala M, Oliveras-López MJ, Bouzas PR, Knox E, Rufián-Henares JÁ, et al. Effect of physical activity, nutritional education, and consumption of extra virgin olive oil on lipid, physiological, and anthropometric profiles in a pediatric population. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(9):1245-52.
• [57] Wang J-j, Lau W-cP, Wang H-j, Ma J. Evaluation of a comprehensive intervention with a behavioural modification strategy for childhood obesity prevention: a nonrandomized cluster controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):1-12.
• [58] Sharma SV, Markham C, Chow J, Ranjit N, Pomeroy M, Raber M. Evaluating a school-based fruit and vegetable co-op in low-income children: A quasi-experimental study. Prev Med. 2016;91:8-17.
• [59] Habib-Mourad C, Ghandour LA, Maliha C, Dagher M, Kharroubi S, Hwalla N. Impact of a Three-Year Obesity Prevention Study on Healthy Behaviors and BMI among Lebanese Schoolchildren: Findings from Ajyal Salima Program. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2687.
• [60] Aktaç Ş, Kızıltan G, Avcı S. Beslenme eğitimi müdahalesine aile katılımının okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların beslenme durumlarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim. 2019;44(199).
• [61] Gobel P, Ercan A, Bayram S. The Impact of Nutrition Education of Parents on Food Choices of Their Children. Act Sci Nutr Health. 2020;4:89-98.
• [62] Saridağ Devran B. Lise öğrencileri ve ebeveynlerine verilen beslenme eğitiminin beslenme bilgi ve davranışları üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi. 2019.