Review
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COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 32 - 42, 24.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745

Abstract

Koronavirüsün bir çeşidi olan Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 2020 yılının mart ayında pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Bu hastalıkta kaynak semptomatik/asemptomatik COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna yakalanan kişilerdir. Hastalığın genel olarak bulaşması damlacık yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenme, fiziksel aktivite ve düzenli uykunun bağışıklık sistemini geliştirdiğine dair araştırmalar mevcuttur. Bu sebeple COVID-19’da da bunlar önem kazanmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte vitaminlerin hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisindeki faydaları üzerine yapılan araştırmalar artmıştır. Araştırmalarda D vitamininin, virüslere karşı fiziksel bariyeri güçlendirmede, antimikrobiyal peptitlerin üretimini uyarmada ve inflamatuar sitokin üretimini azaltmada önemli bir rol oynayabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. C vitamininin ise COVID-19 hastalarında bağışıklık tepkisini artırmaya katkı sağlayarak hayatta kalma oranlarını artırabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı COVID-19 hastalığı üzerinde C ve D vitaminlerinin etkisini gözlemlemek, hastalığı önleyici ve tedavi edici yaklaşımları gözden geçirmektir.

Supporting Institution

SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Thanks

Bu makaleyi yazmamda destek olan sevgili Nevra KOÇ hocama teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

References

  • 1. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid-19 (SARS-Cov2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. ‘Genel Bilgiler Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı’. 2020.
  • 2. World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situtiation Report: 114. 5 August 2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332089).
  • 3. Tanık FA. Bir Yönetmeme Hikâyesi: Türkiye’de Covıd-19 Pandemisi. Covıd-19 Pandemisi 18 Ay Değerlendirme Raporu, 88.
  • 4. Ahmadpoor P, Rostaing L. Why the immune system fails to mount an adaptive immune response to a Covid -19 infection. Transpl Int. 2020.
  • 5. Eskici G. Covid-19 pandemisi: Karantina için beslenme önerileri. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 2020; 124-129.
  • 6. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği ‘Covid-19 Beslenme Önerileri’. http://www.tdd.org.tr/index.php/duyurular/69-covid-19-beslenme-onerileri Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 7. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(5): 479-90.
  • 8. Ünal O. Covıd-19 Tedavisinde Vitamin C Ve Vitamin D. Medical Journal Of Suleyman Demirel University. 2021; 28.
  • 9. Zhou Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Jiang S, Du L. Advances in MERS-CoV Vaccines and Therapeutics Based on the Receptor-Binding Domain. Viruses. 2019; Jan 14;11(1).
  • 10. Kasraeian M, Zare M, Vafaei H, Asadi N, Faraji A, Bazrafshan K, Roozmeh S. COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2022; 35(9), 1652-1659.
  • 11. Chowdhury, Sudipta Dhar, Anu Mary Oommen. Epidemiology of COVID-19. Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, 2020; 03-07.
  • 12. Khalili M, Karamouzian M, Nasiri N, Javadi S, Mirzazadeh A, Sharifi H. Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology & Infection. 2020; 148.
  • 13. Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM Jr, et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2031756.
  • 14. Memikoğlu O, Genç V. COVİD-19. E-Kitap, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi: Ankara 2020.
  • 15. Bilici S, Irmak H, Buzgan T. Sağlık Personeline Yönelik El Yıkama Ve El Dezenfeksiyonu Rehberi. 2008.
  • 16. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ‘Besin Güvenliği ve Hijyen’. 2017. URL: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenme/besin-guvenligi-ve-hijyen.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 17. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye'ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. 2015; 96.
  • 18. WHO. ‘Nutrition advice for adults during the COVID-19 outbreak’. URL: http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/nutrition-infocus/nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-19-outbreak.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 19. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020.
  • 20. Özenoğlu A. Duygu durumu, besin ve beslenme ilişkisi. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2018; 9(4):357-365.
  • 21. Eskici G. Covid-19 karantinası: beslenme, ağırlık kontrolü ve bağışıklığa yönelik öneriler gündem: Karantinada ramazan ayı beslenme önerileri. 2020.
  • 22. Deluca HF. History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. Bonekey Rep. 2014;3:479.
  • 23. Edwards M, Cole Z, Harvey N, Cooper C. The global epidemiology of vitamin D status. 2014;3(3):148-58.
  • 24. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, Ali HI, Platat C, Ismail LC, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021; 143:1-9.
  • 25. Charoenngam N, Shirvani A, Holick MF. Vitamin D and its potential benefit for the COVID-19 pandemic. Endocrine Practice. 2021; 27(5), 484-493.
  • 26. Jeffery LE, Burke F, Mura M, Zheng Y, Qureshi OS, Hewison M. et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol. 2009; 183(9):5458-67.
  • 27. Garvin MR, Alvarez C. Mille, JI, Prates ET, Walker AM, Amos BK, Jacobson D. A mechanistic model and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 involving a RAS-mediated bradykinin storm. eLife. 2020; 9, e59177.
  • 28. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, Chung MH, Kwon HY, Lee JS. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 100:390-3.
  • 29. Liu N, Sun J, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao M, Li H. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 104:58-64.
  • 30. Sulli A, Gotelli E, Casabella A, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Alessandri E. et al. Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3).
  • 31. Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvao Azevedo LM, de Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 1-9.
  • 32. Ling SF, Broad E, Murphy R, Pappachan JM, Pardesi-Newton S, Kong MF. et al. High-Dose Cholecalciferol Booster Therapy is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Observational Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12).
  • 33. Entrenas Castillo M, Entrenas Costa LM, Vaquero Barrios JM, Alcala Diaz JF, Lopez Miranda J, Bouillon R. et al. Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020; 203:105751.
  • 34. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, Pinto AJ, Goessler KF, Duran, CSC. et al. Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021; 325(11):1053-60.
  • 35. Açar Y. Yıldıran H. Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Yetişkin Bireylerin Besin Desteği Kullanımı ve Kaygı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. 2021.
  • 36. Kashiouris MG, L'Heureux M, Cable CA, Fisher BJ, Leichtle SW, Fowler AA. The Emerging Role of Vitamin C as a Treatment for Sepsis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2).
  • 37. Paciolla C, Fortunato S, Dipierro N, Paradiso A, De Leonardis S, Mastropasqua L, de Pinto MC. Vitamin C in plants: From functions to biofortification. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(11):519. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110519.
  • 38. Carr AC. Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients. 2017; 9(11): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211
  • 39. Hoang BX, Shaw DG, Fang W, Han B. A Possible application of high dose vitamin C in the prevention and therapy for Coronavirus infections. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2020; 23, 256-262.
  • 40. Marik PE, Khangoora V, Rivera R, Hooper MH, Catravas J. Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for the treatment ofsevere sepsis and septic shock: A retrospective before-after study. Chest. 2017; 151(6), 1229-38.
  • 41. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu12041181.
  • 42. Kim H, Jang M, Kim Y, Choi J, Jeon J, Kim J, Hwang Y, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Red ginseng and Vitamin C increase immune cell activity and decrease lung inflammation induced by influenza A virus/H1N1 infection. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2016; 68(3): 406–420. https://doi. org/10.1111/jphp.12529.
  • 43. Carr AC, Rosengrave PC, Bayer S, Chambers S, Mehrtens J, Shaw GM. Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Crit Care. 2017; 21:300.
  • 44. Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2020. 106002802092805. https://doi. org/10.1177/1060028020928052.
  • 45. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C as a Possible Therapy for COVID-19. Infect Chemother. 2020; 52(2): 1–2.https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.e2.
  • 46. Xing Y, Zhao B, Yin L, Guo M, Shi H, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Vitamin C supplementation is necessary for patients with coronavirus disease: An ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry finding. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2021; 196, 113927.
  • 47. Hiedra R, Lo KB, Elbashabsheh M, Gul F, Wright RM, Albano J. et al. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020; 18(12):1259-61.
  • 48. Zhao B, Ling Y, Li J, Peng Y, Huang J, Wang Y. et al. Beneficial aspects of high dose intravenous vitamin C on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in severe condition: a retrospective case series study. Ann Palliat Med. 2021; 10(2):1599-609.
  • 49. Zhang J, Rao X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Liu F, Guo G. et al. Pilot trial of high-dose vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2021; 11(1):5.
  • 50. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C can shorten the length of stay in the ICU: A meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4),708.
  • 51. Thomas S, Patel D, Bittel B, Wolski K, Wang Q, Kumar A. et al. Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4(2):e210369.
  • 52. Kumari P, Dembra S, Dembra P, Bhawna F, Gul A, Ali B. et al. The Role of Vitamin C as Adjuvant Therapy in COVID-19. Cureus. 2020; 12(11):e11779.

APPROACHES TO C AND D VITAMINS WITH THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 32 - 42, 24.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745

Abstract

The new Koronavirus disease (COVID-19), a variant of the coronavirus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in march 2020. In this disease, the source is those infected with symptomatic/asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. The disease is generally transmitted by droplets. There are studies that healthy and balanced nutrition, physical activity and regular sleep improve the immune system. This is why these are important in COVID-19. With COVID-19 pandemic, research on the benefits of vitamins in prevention and treatment of diseases has increased. The research found that vitamin D may play an important role in strengthening the physical barrier against viruses, stimulating the production of antimicrobial peptides and reducing the production of inflammatory cytococcus. Vitamin C can increase survival rates by contributing to increased immunity response in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review is to observe the effect of vitamin C and D on COVID-19 disease and to review the prevention and therapeutic approaches.

References

  • 1. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Covid-19 (SARS-Cov2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. ‘Genel Bilgiler Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı’. 2020.
  • 2. World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situtiation Report: 114. 5 August 2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332089).
  • 3. Tanık FA. Bir Yönetmeme Hikâyesi: Türkiye’de Covıd-19 Pandemisi. Covıd-19 Pandemisi 18 Ay Değerlendirme Raporu, 88.
  • 4. Ahmadpoor P, Rostaing L. Why the immune system fails to mount an adaptive immune response to a Covid -19 infection. Transpl Int. 2020.
  • 5. Eskici G. Covid-19 pandemisi: Karantina için beslenme önerileri. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 2020; 124-129.
  • 6. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği ‘Covid-19 Beslenme Önerileri’. http://www.tdd.org.tr/index.php/duyurular/69-covid-19-beslenme-onerileri Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 7. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(5): 479-90.
  • 8. Ünal O. Covıd-19 Tedavisinde Vitamin C Ve Vitamin D. Medical Journal Of Suleyman Demirel University. 2021; 28.
  • 9. Zhou Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Jiang S, Du L. Advances in MERS-CoV Vaccines and Therapeutics Based on the Receptor-Binding Domain. Viruses. 2019; Jan 14;11(1).
  • 10. Kasraeian M, Zare M, Vafaei H, Asadi N, Faraji A, Bazrafshan K, Roozmeh S. COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2022; 35(9), 1652-1659.
  • 11. Chowdhury, Sudipta Dhar, Anu Mary Oommen. Epidemiology of COVID-19. Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, 2020; 03-07.
  • 12. Khalili M, Karamouzian M, Nasiri N, Javadi S, Mirzazadeh A, Sharifi H. Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology & Infection. 2020; 148.
  • 13. Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM Jr, et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2031756.
  • 14. Memikoğlu O, Genç V. COVİD-19. E-Kitap, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi: Ankara 2020.
  • 15. Bilici S, Irmak H, Buzgan T. Sağlık Personeline Yönelik El Yıkama Ve El Dezenfeksiyonu Rehberi. 2008.
  • 16. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ‘Besin Güvenliği ve Hijyen’. 2017. URL: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenme/besin-guvenligi-ve-hijyen.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 17. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye'ye Özgü Besin ve Beslenme Rehberi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. 2015; 96.
  • 18. WHO. ‘Nutrition advice for adults during the COVID-19 outbreak’. URL: http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/nutrition-infocus/nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-19-outbreak.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 15 Nisan 2022.
  • 19. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020.
  • 20. Özenoğlu A. Duygu durumu, besin ve beslenme ilişkisi. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2018; 9(4):357-365.
  • 21. Eskici G. Covid-19 karantinası: beslenme, ağırlık kontrolü ve bağışıklığa yönelik öneriler gündem: Karantinada ramazan ayı beslenme önerileri. 2020.
  • 22. Deluca HF. History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. Bonekey Rep. 2014;3:479.
  • 23. Edwards M, Cole Z, Harvey N, Cooper C. The global epidemiology of vitamin D status. 2014;3(3):148-58.
  • 24. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, Ali HI, Platat C, Ismail LC, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021; 143:1-9.
  • 25. Charoenngam N, Shirvani A, Holick MF. Vitamin D and its potential benefit for the COVID-19 pandemic. Endocrine Practice. 2021; 27(5), 484-493.
  • 26. Jeffery LE, Burke F, Mura M, Zheng Y, Qureshi OS, Hewison M. et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol. 2009; 183(9):5458-67.
  • 27. Garvin MR, Alvarez C. Mille, JI, Prates ET, Walker AM, Amos BK, Jacobson D. A mechanistic model and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 involving a RAS-mediated bradykinin storm. eLife. 2020; 9, e59177.
  • 28. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, Chung MH, Kwon HY, Lee JS. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 100:390-3.
  • 29. Liu N, Sun J, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao M, Li H. Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 104:58-64.
  • 30. Sulli A, Gotelli E, Casabella A, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Alessandri E. et al. Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3).
  • 31. Pereira M, Dantas Damascena A, Galvao Azevedo LM, de Almeida Oliveira T, da Mota Santana J. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 1-9.
  • 32. Ling SF, Broad E, Murphy R, Pappachan JM, Pardesi-Newton S, Kong MF. et al. High-Dose Cholecalciferol Booster Therapy is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Observational Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12).
  • 33. Entrenas Castillo M, Entrenas Costa LM, Vaquero Barrios JM, Alcala Diaz JF, Lopez Miranda J, Bouillon R. et al. Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020; 203:105751.
  • 34. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, Pinto AJ, Goessler KF, Duran, CSC. et al. Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021; 325(11):1053-60.
  • 35. Açar Y. Yıldıran H. Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Yetişkin Bireylerin Besin Desteği Kullanımı ve Kaygı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. 2021.
  • 36. Kashiouris MG, L'Heureux M, Cable CA, Fisher BJ, Leichtle SW, Fowler AA. The Emerging Role of Vitamin C as a Treatment for Sepsis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2).
  • 37. Paciolla C, Fortunato S, Dipierro N, Paradiso A, De Leonardis S, Mastropasqua L, de Pinto MC. Vitamin C in plants: From functions to biofortification. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(11):519. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110519.
  • 38. Carr AC. Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients. 2017; 9(11): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211
  • 39. Hoang BX, Shaw DG, Fang W, Han B. A Possible application of high dose vitamin C in the prevention and therapy for Coronavirus infections. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2020; 23, 256-262.
  • 40. Marik PE, Khangoora V, Rivera R, Hooper MH, Catravas J. Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for the treatment ofsevere sepsis and septic shock: A retrospective before-after study. Chest. 2017; 151(6), 1229-38.
  • 41. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu12041181.
  • 42. Kim H, Jang M, Kim Y, Choi J, Jeon J, Kim J, Hwang Y, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Red ginseng and Vitamin C increase immune cell activity and decrease lung inflammation induced by influenza A virus/H1N1 infection. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2016; 68(3): 406–420. https://doi. org/10.1111/jphp.12529.
  • 43. Carr AC, Rosengrave PC, Bayer S, Chambers S, Mehrtens J, Shaw GM. Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Crit Care. 2017; 21:300.
  • 44. Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2020. 106002802092805. https://doi. org/10.1177/1060028020928052.
  • 45. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C as a Possible Therapy for COVID-19. Infect Chemother. 2020; 52(2): 1–2.https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.e2.
  • 46. Xing Y, Zhao B, Yin L, Guo M, Shi H, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Vitamin C supplementation is necessary for patients with coronavirus disease: An ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry finding. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2021; 196, 113927.
  • 47. Hiedra R, Lo KB, Elbashabsheh M, Gul F, Wright RM, Albano J. et al. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020; 18(12):1259-61.
  • 48. Zhao B, Ling Y, Li J, Peng Y, Huang J, Wang Y. et al. Beneficial aspects of high dose intravenous vitamin C on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in severe condition: a retrospective case series study. Ann Palliat Med. 2021; 10(2):1599-609.
  • 49. Zhang J, Rao X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Liu F, Guo G. et al. Pilot trial of high-dose vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2021; 11(1):5.
  • 50. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C can shorten the length of stay in the ICU: A meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4),708.
  • 51. Thomas S, Patel D, Bittel B, Wolski K, Wang Q, Kumar A. et al. Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4(2):e210369.
  • 52. Kumari P, Dembra S, Dembra P, Bhawna F, Gul A, Ali B. et al. The Role of Vitamin C as Adjuvant Therapy in COVID-19. Cureus. 2020; 12(11):e11779.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Kübra Siyasal 0000-0001-6758-3624

Publication Date March 24, 2023
Submission Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date November 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Siyasal, K. (2023). COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745
AMA Siyasal K. COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR. Gazi Sağlık Bil. March 2023;8(1):32-42. doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745
Chicago Siyasal, Kübra. “COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 1 (March 2023): 32-42. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745.
EndNote Siyasal K (March 1, 2023) COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 32–42.
IEEE K. Siyasal, “COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR”, Gazi Sağlık Bil, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 32–42, 2023, doi: 10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745.
ISNAD Siyasal, Kübra. “COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (March 2023), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745.
JAMA Siyasal K. COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2023;8:32–42.
MLA Siyasal, Kübra. “COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023, pp. 32-42, doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1138745.
Vancouver Siyasal K. COVID-19’UN ÖNLENMESİ VE TEDAVİSİNDE BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ İLE C VE D VİTAMİNLERİNE DAİR YAKLAŞIMLAR. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2023;8(1):32-4.