A New Multi-Target Compiler Architecture for Edge-Devices and Cloud Management

Abstract

Edge computing is the concept where the computation is handled at edge-devices. The transfer of the computation from servers to edge-devices will decrease the massive amount of data transfer generated by edge-devices. There are several efficient management tools for setup and connection purposes, but these management tools cannot provide a unified programming system from a single source code/project. Even though it is possible to control each device efficiently, a global view of the computation is missing in a programming project that includes several edge-devices for computation and data analysis purposes, and the devices need to be programmed individually. A generic workflow engine might automate part of the problem using standard interfaces and predefined objects running on edge-devices. Nevertheless, the approach fails in fine-tuning each edge-device since the computation cannot be moved easily among devices. This paper introduces a new compiler architecture to control and program edge-devices from a single source code. The source code can be distributed to multiple edge-devices using simple compiler directives, and the transfer and communication of the source code with multiple devices are handled transparently. Fine-tuning the source code and code movement between devices becomes very efficient in editing and time. The proposed architecture is a lightweight system with fine-tuned computation and distribution among devices.

Keywords

• Edge-device programming
• Internet of things
• Multi-target compiler
• Cloud management

References

1. [1] Bhardwaj, K., Sreepathy, S., Gavrilovska, A. A., Schwan, K., "ECC: Edge Cloud Composites," in 2nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering, 38-47, (2014).
2. [2] Chen, X., "Decentralized computation offloading game for mobile cloud," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(4): 974-983, (2015).
3. [3] Chen, X., Jiao, L., Li, W., Fu, X., "Efficient Multi-User Computation Offloading for Mobile-Edge Cloud Computing," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 24(5): 2795-2808, (2016).
4. [4] Loomba, R., Frein, R. D., Jennings, B., "Selecting Energy Efficient Cluster-Head Trajectories for Collaborative Mobile Sensing," in 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference, San Diego, 1-7, (2015).
5. [5] Sani, A. A., Boos, K., Hong, M. Y., Zhong, L., "Rio: a system solution for sharing i/o between mobile systems," in Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, 343, (2014).
6. [6] Varghese, B., Buyya, R., "Next generation cloud computing: New trends and research directions," Future Generation Computer Systems, 79(3): 849-861, (2018).
7. [7] Yi, S., Li, C., Li, Q., "A Survey of Fog Computing: Concepts, Applications and Issues," in Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Mobile Big Data, 37-42, (2015).
8. [8] Varghese, B., Wang, N., Barbhuiya, S., Kilpatrick, P. Nikolopoulos, D. S., "Challenges and opportunities in edge computing," in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud, New York, 20-26, (2016).

9. [9] Hong, K., Lillethun, D., Ramachandran, U., Ottenwälder, B., Koldehofe, B., "Mobile Fog: A Programming Model for Large–Scale Applications on the Internet of Things," in Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Mobile cloud computing, 15-20, (2013).
10. [10] http://microservices.io., Available: 2020.
11. [11] Arumugam, S. S., Badrinath, R., Herranz, A. H., Holler, J., Azevedo, C. R. B., Xiao, B., Tudor, V., "Accelerating Industrial IoT Application Deployment through Reusable AI Components," in Global IoT Summit, 1-4, (2019).
12. [12] Bracciale, L., Loreti, P., Detti, A., Paolillo, R., Melazzi, N. B., "Lightweight Named Object: An ICN-Based Abstraction for IoT Device Programming and Management," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3): 5029-5039, (2019).
13. [13] Chen, H., Xie, K., Cui, L., Pescapè, A., "A Formal Methodology for Easing Development and Maintenance of Entity Services in Service Oriented Software-Defined Internet of Things," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(6): 9516-9530, (2019).
14. [14] Fersi, G., "A distributed and flexible architecture for Internet of Things," in The International Conference on Advanced Wireless, Information, and Communication Technologies, 130-137, (2015).
15. [15] Nastic, S., Sehic, S., V¨ogler, M., Truong, H.-L., Dustdar, S., "A Novel Programming Model for IoT Applications on Cloud Platforms," in IEEE 6th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, 53-60, (2013).
16. [16] Zambonelli, F., "Key Abstractions for IoT-Oriented Software Engineering," IEEE Software, 34(1): 38-45, (2017).
17. [17] Vogler, M., Schleicher, J. M., Inzinger, C., Dustdar, S., "DIANE – Dynamic IoT Application Deployment," in IEEE International Conference on Mobile Services, 298-305, (2015).
18. [18] Peña, M. A. L., Fernández, I. M., "SAT-IoT: An Architectural Model for a High- Performance Fog/Edge/Cloud IoT Platform," in IEEE 5th World Forum on Internet of Things, 633-638, (2019).
19. [19] Pramudianto, F., Kamienski, C. A., Souto, E., Borelli, F., Gomes, L. L., Sadok, D., Jarke, M., "IoTLink: An Internet of Things Prototyping Toolkit," in IEEE 11th Intl Conf on Autonomic and Trusted Computing and 2014 IEEE 14th Intl Conf on Scalable Computing and Communications and Its Associated Workshops, 1-9, (2014).
20. [20] Vlasov, Y., Illiashenko, O., Uzun, D., Haimanov, O., "Prototyping tools for IoT systems based on virtualization techniques," in IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies, 87-92, (2018).
21. [21] Liu, F., Tang, G., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Zhang, X, Zhou, T., "A Survey on Edge Computing Systems and Tools," in Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(8): 1537-1562, (2019).
22. [22] Ray, P. P., "A survey of IoT cloud platforms," Future Computing and Informatics Journal, 181: 35-46, (2016).
23. [23] Siow, E., Tiropanis, T., Hall, W., "Analytics for the Internet of Things: A Survey," ACM Computing Surveys, 51(4): 74, (2018).
24. [24] Sobin, C. C., "A Survey on Architecture, Protocols and Challenges in IoT," Wireless Personal Communications, 112: 1383–1429, (2020).
25. [25] Hernández-Ramos, J. L., Baldini, G., Matheu, S. N. N., Skarmeta, A., "Updating IoT devices: challenges and potential approaches," in Global Internet of Things Summit, Dublin, 1-5, (2020).
26. [26] Zikria, Y. B., Kim, S. W., Hahm, O., Afzal, M. K., "Internet of Things (IoT) Operating Systems Management: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solution," Sensors, 19(8): 1793, (2019).
27. [27] Song, Z. J., Tilevich, E., "A Programming Model for Reliable and Efficient Edge-Based Execution Under Resource Variability," in IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing, 64-71, (2019).
28. [28] Rafique, W., Yaqoob, I., Qi, L., Imran, M., Rasool, R. U., Dou, W., "Complementing IoT Services Through Software Defined Networking and Edge Computing: A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 22(3): 1761-1804, (2020).
29. [29] Ray, P., "A survey on Internet of Things architectures," Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences, 30(3): 291–319, (2016).
30. [30] Kumar, N. M., Mallick, P. K., "The Internet of Things: Insights into the building blocks, component interactions, and architecture layers," in International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Science, 132: 109-117, (2018).
31. [31] Kumar, S. Y. R. and Champa, H. N., "An Extensive Review on Sensing as a Service Paradigm in IoT: Architecture, Research Challenges, Lessons Learned and Future Directions," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 14(6): 1220-1243, (2019).
32. [32] Rafique, W., Zhao X., Yu, S., Yaqoob, I., Imra, M., Dou, W., "An Application Development Framework for Internet-of-Things Service Orchestration," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(5): 4543-4556, (2020).
33. [33] Gökçay, E., "An on Demand Virtual CPU Arhitecture based on Cloud Infrastructure," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, Setubal, 323-329, (2017).