Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2016, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 549 - 558, 30.09.2016

Ummihan Taskoparan Yilmaz Zehra Yazar Aydın

Abstract

References

  • Takimoto, M. “Determinations of melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid by ion-exchange separation and ultraviolet absorptiometry.” Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi (in Japanese) 1961; 64: 1234-8.
  • USFDA (2007). Interim melamine and analogues safety/risk assessment. Silver Spring, MD, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/melamra.html; accessed 14 November 2008.
  • Crows, G.M., Ji, S., Pittman C.U. and Ran, R. “Melamine chemicals, Inc., Ammeline-melamine-formaldehyde resins (AMFR) and method of preparation” European Patent Office, EP0598473 A2; 1994 May 25.
  • Nelieu, S., Kerhoas, L. and Einhorn, J. “Degradation of atrazine into ammeline by combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment in water” Envir Sci Tech, 34: 430–437 (2000).
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pet Food Recall (Melamine)/ Tainted Animal Feed, http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/ petfood.htm. 2007.
  • Luengyosluechakul, S. “Evidence of melamine and related substances contamination to animal feed in Thailand” The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 374: 7 (2007).
  • Mackenzie, H.I. and Van Rensburg, I.B.J. “Ammelide and ammeline as nonprotein nitrogen supplements for sheep” J S Afr Vet Assoc 39(2): 41-5 (1968).
  • WHO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Toxicological and Health Aspects of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid, Report of a WHO Expert Meeting In collaboration with FAO Supported by Health Canada,Ottawa, Canada; 2008.
  • Dobson, R.L.M, Motlagh, S., Quijano, M,, Cambron, R.T, Baker, T.R., Pullen, A.M.T., Regg, B.T., Bigalow-Kern, A.S., Vennard, T., Fix, A., Reimschuessel, R., Overmann, G., Shan, Y. and Daston, G.P. “Identification and Characterization of Toxicity of Contaminants in Pet Food Leading to an Outbreak of Renal Toxicity in Cats and Dogs” Toxicol Sci 106(1), 251–262 (2008).
  • Sun, N., Shen, Y., Sun, Q., Li, X.,R., Jia, L.,Q.,, Zhang, G.J., Zhang, W.,P., Chen, Z., Fan, J.,F., Jiang, Y.,P., Feng, D.,C., Zhang, R.,F., Zhu, X.,Y. and Xiao, H.,Z. “Melamine related urinary calculus and acute renal failure in infants” Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 46(11): 810-5 (2008).
  • Guan, N., Fan, Q., Ding, J., Yiming, Z., Jingqiao, L., Ai, Y., Xu, G., Zhu, S., Yao, C., Jiang, L., Miao, J., Zhang, H., Zhao, D., Liu, X. and Yao, Y. “Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children” N Engl J Med 360: 1067-74 (2009).
  • Ciolino, L.,A., Mohrhaus, A.,S. and Ranieri, T.,L. “59th Southeast Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society” Greenville, SC, United States; 2007; 310.
  • Furusawa, N., A, “100% water mobile phase HPLC-PDA analysis of melamine and related analogues” J Am Chem Soc 3: 295-99 (2012).
  • Huan, Y., Yanfei, T., Dongmei, C., Yulian, W., Zhaoying, L., Yuanhu, P., Lingli, H., Dapeng, P., Menghong, D., Zhenli, L. and Zonghui, Y. “Development of a high performance liquid chromatography method and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with pressurized liquid extraction for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of cyromazine, melamine and its metabolites in foods of animal origin” Anal Chim Acta 682:48-58 (2010).
  • Ehling, S., Tefera, S. and Ho, I.,P. “High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous detection of the adulteration of cereal flours with melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid” Food Addit Contam 24: 1319-25 (2007).
  • Shin, O., Tatsuo, F., Yasuhiko, I., Tetsue, M., Toshiaki, Y., Hiroyuki, M., Sei-Ichi R. and Choichiro, S. “Determination of melamine derivatives, melam, melem, ammeline and ammelide by high-performance cation-exchange chromatography” J Chromatogr A 815: 197-204 (1998).
  • Vachirapatama, N. And Maitresorasun, S. “Simultaneous determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in milk products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography” J Food and Drug Anal 21: 66-72 (2013).
  • Vinas, P., Campillo, N., Fe´rez-Melgarejo, G. and Hernandez-Cordoba, M. “Determination of melamine and derivatives in foods by liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and diode array detection” Anal. Lett 45: 2508-18 (2012).
  • Braekevelta, E., Laua, B.,P.,Y., Fenga, S., Menarda, C., Tittlemier, S.,A. “Determination of melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid in infant formula purchased in Canada by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry” Food Addit Contam Part A 28: 698-704 (2011).
  • Jingen, X., Naiyuan, Z., Cong, Z., Bo, C., Yongning, W. and Shouzhuo, Y. “Simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry” J Sep Sci 33: 2688-97 (2010).
  • Campbell, J., A., Wunschel, D.,S. and Petersen, C.,E. “Analysis of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide and ammeline using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOFMS)” Anal Let. 40: 3107-18 (2007).
  • Yee-Lok, W. and Chuen-Shing, M. “A single analytical procedure for the simultaneous and confirmatory determination of melamine and related compounds in various food matrices by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-MS)” Anal Methods 5:2305-14 (2013).
  • Debowski, J., K., and Wilde, N., D. “Determination of isocyanuric acid, ammelide, ammeline and melamine in crude isocyanuric acid by ion chromatography” J Chromatogr 639 (2): 338-40 (1993).
  • Zhao, T., Liu, L., Li, G., Dang, A. and Li, T. “Electrochemical determination of melamine with a glassy carbon electrode coated with a multi-wall carbon nanotube/chitosan composite” J Electrochem Soc 159(5): 141-5 (2012).
  • Liao, C.,W., Chen, Y.,R., Chang, J.,L. and Zen, J.,M. “Single-run electrochemical determination of melamine in dairy products and pet foods” J Agric Food Chem 59: 9782-7 (2011).
  • Cao, Q., Zhao, H., Zeng, L., Wang, J., Wang, R., Qiu, X. and He, Y. “Electrochemical determination of melamine using oligonucleotides modified gold electrodes” Talanta 80: 484-8 (2009).
  • Inam, R. and Tekalp, F. “Square wave voltammetric determination of diafenthiuron and its application to water, soil and insecticide formulation” Int J Environ Anal Chem 92: 85-95 (2012).
  • Greef, R., Peat, R., Peter, L., M., Pletcher, D., Robinson. J., “Instrumental methods in electrochemistry” Wiley, New York; 1985, p 178.
  • Brett, C., M., A., Brett, A., M., O. Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods and Applications, 1st ed.; Oxford University Press: New York; 1993.
  • Gosser, D., K. Cyclic Voltammetry, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim; 1994
  • Yilmaz, U., T. and Yazar, Z. “Determination of Melamine by Differential Pulse Polarography / Application to Milk and Milk Powder” Food Anal. Methods. 5: 119–125 (2012).
  • Inam, R., Mercan, H., Yılmaz, E., Uslu, B. “Differential pulse polarographic determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids” Anal Lett 40: 529 (2007).

THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK

Year 2016, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 549 - 558, 30.09.2016

Ummihan Taskoparan Yilmaz Zehra Yazar Aydın

Abstract

A electrochemical approach has been proposed for the determination of ammeline. Electrocemical behavior of ammeline was investigated by differential pulse polarography and cyclic voltammetry in a Britton–Robinson buffer. Optimum conditions for the analytical determination were found to be pH 9.5 at a reduction potential of –30 mV. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of ammeline from 0,5 μM - 39,65 μM (0.06 µg mL-1 – 4.76 µg mL-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. Based on this use and under optimized conditions, with the DPP method for ammeline analysis had detection of limit (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 0.15 µM and 0.5 µM (0.02 µg mL-1 - 0.06 µg mL-1), respectively. This offered method has been used for the determination of ammeline in spiked milk. The result demonstrated that this method is a simple, rapid, sensitive, stable and low-cost method for ammeline detection.

 

Keywords

ammeline determination polarography milk cyclic voltammetry

References

  • Takimoto, M. “Determinations of melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid by ion-exchange separation and ultraviolet absorptiometry.” Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi (in Japanese) 1961; 64: 1234-8.
  • USFDA (2007). Interim melamine and analogues safety/risk assessment. Silver Spring, MD, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/melamra.html; accessed 14 November 2008.
  • Crows, G.M., Ji, S., Pittman C.U. and Ran, R. “Melamine chemicals, Inc., Ammeline-melamine-formaldehyde resins (AMFR) and method of preparation” European Patent Office, EP0598473 A2; 1994 May 25.
  • Nelieu, S., Kerhoas, L. and Einhorn, J. “Degradation of atrazine into ammeline by combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment in water” Envir Sci Tech, 34: 430–437 (2000).
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pet Food Recall (Melamine)/ Tainted Animal Feed, http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/ petfood.htm. 2007.
  • Luengyosluechakul, S. “Evidence of melamine and related substances contamination to animal feed in Thailand” The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 374: 7 (2007).
  • Mackenzie, H.I. and Van Rensburg, I.B.J. “Ammelide and ammeline as nonprotein nitrogen supplements for sheep” J S Afr Vet Assoc 39(2): 41-5 (1968).
  • WHO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Toxicological and Health Aspects of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid, Report of a WHO Expert Meeting In collaboration with FAO Supported by Health Canada,Ottawa, Canada; 2008.
  • Dobson, R.L.M, Motlagh, S., Quijano, M,, Cambron, R.T, Baker, T.R., Pullen, A.M.T., Regg, B.T., Bigalow-Kern, A.S., Vennard, T., Fix, A., Reimschuessel, R., Overmann, G., Shan, Y. and Daston, G.P. “Identification and Characterization of Toxicity of Contaminants in Pet Food Leading to an Outbreak of Renal Toxicity in Cats and Dogs” Toxicol Sci 106(1), 251–262 (2008).
  • Sun, N., Shen, Y., Sun, Q., Li, X.,R., Jia, L.,Q.,, Zhang, G.J., Zhang, W.,P., Chen, Z., Fan, J.,F., Jiang, Y.,P., Feng, D.,C., Zhang, R.,F., Zhu, X.,Y. and Xiao, H.,Z. “Melamine related urinary calculus and acute renal failure in infants” Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 46(11): 810-5 (2008).
  • Guan, N., Fan, Q., Ding, J., Yiming, Z., Jingqiao, L., Ai, Y., Xu, G., Zhu, S., Yao, C., Jiang, L., Miao, J., Zhang, H., Zhao, D., Liu, X. and Yao, Y. “Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children” N Engl J Med 360: 1067-74 (2009).
  • Ciolino, L.,A., Mohrhaus, A.,S. and Ranieri, T.,L. “59th Southeast Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society” Greenville, SC, United States; 2007; 310.
  • Furusawa, N., A, “100% water mobile phase HPLC-PDA analysis of melamine and related analogues” J Am Chem Soc 3: 295-99 (2012).
  • Huan, Y., Yanfei, T., Dongmei, C., Yulian, W., Zhaoying, L., Yuanhu, P., Lingli, H., Dapeng, P., Menghong, D., Zhenli, L. and Zonghui, Y. “Development of a high performance liquid chromatography method and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with pressurized liquid extraction for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of cyromazine, melamine and its metabolites in foods of animal origin” Anal Chim Acta 682:48-58 (2010).
  • Ehling, S., Tefera, S. and Ho, I.,P. “High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous detection of the adulteration of cereal flours with melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid” Food Addit Contam 24: 1319-25 (2007).
  • Shin, O., Tatsuo, F., Yasuhiko, I., Tetsue, M., Toshiaki, Y., Hiroyuki, M., Sei-Ichi R. and Choichiro, S. “Determination of melamine derivatives, melam, melem, ammeline and ammelide by high-performance cation-exchange chromatography” J Chromatogr A 815: 197-204 (1998).
  • Vachirapatama, N. And Maitresorasun, S. “Simultaneous determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in milk products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography” J Food and Drug Anal 21: 66-72 (2013).
  • Vinas, P., Campillo, N., Fe´rez-Melgarejo, G. and Hernandez-Cordoba, M. “Determination of melamine and derivatives in foods by liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and diode array detection” Anal. Lett 45: 2508-18 (2012).
  • Braekevelta, E., Laua, B.,P.,Y., Fenga, S., Menarda, C., Tittlemier, S.,A. “Determination of melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid in infant formula purchased in Canada by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry” Food Addit Contam Part A 28: 698-704 (2011).
  • Jingen, X., Naiyuan, Z., Cong, Z., Bo, C., Yongning, W. and Shouzhuo, Y. “Simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry” J Sep Sci 33: 2688-97 (2010).
  • Campbell, J., A., Wunschel, D.,S. and Petersen, C.,E. “Analysis of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide and ammeline using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOFMS)” Anal Let. 40: 3107-18 (2007).
  • Yee-Lok, W. and Chuen-Shing, M. “A single analytical procedure for the simultaneous and confirmatory determination of melamine and related compounds in various food matrices by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-MS)” Anal Methods 5:2305-14 (2013).
  • Debowski, J., K., and Wilde, N., D. “Determination of isocyanuric acid, ammelide, ammeline and melamine in crude isocyanuric acid by ion chromatography” J Chromatogr 639 (2): 338-40 (1993).
  • Zhao, T., Liu, L., Li, G., Dang, A. and Li, T. “Electrochemical determination of melamine with a glassy carbon electrode coated with a multi-wall carbon nanotube/chitosan composite” J Electrochem Soc 159(5): 141-5 (2012).
  • Liao, C.,W., Chen, Y.,R., Chang, J.,L. and Zen, J.,M. “Single-run electrochemical determination of melamine in dairy products and pet foods” J Agric Food Chem 59: 9782-7 (2011).
  • Cao, Q., Zhao, H., Zeng, L., Wang, J., Wang, R., Qiu, X. and He, Y. “Electrochemical determination of melamine using oligonucleotides modified gold electrodes” Talanta 80: 484-8 (2009).
  • Inam, R. and Tekalp, F. “Square wave voltammetric determination of diafenthiuron and its application to water, soil and insecticide formulation” Int J Environ Anal Chem 92: 85-95 (2012).
  • Greef, R., Peat, R., Peter, L., M., Pletcher, D., Robinson. J., “Instrumental methods in electrochemistry” Wiley, New York; 1985, p 178.
  • Brett, C., M., A., Brett, A., M., O. Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods and Applications, 1st ed.; Oxford University Press: New York; 1993.
  • Gosser, D., K. Cyclic Voltammetry, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim; 1994
  • Yilmaz, U., T. and Yazar, Z. “Determination of Melamine by Differential Pulse Polarography / Application to Milk and Milk Powder” Food Anal. Methods. 5: 119–125 (2012).
  • Inam, R., Mercan, H., Yılmaz, E., Uslu, B. “Differential pulse polarographic determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids” Anal Lett 40: 529 (2007).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Chemistry
Authors

Ummihan Taskoparan Yilmaz This is me

Zehra Yazar Aydın This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 29 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Taskoparan Yilmaz, U., & Aydın, Z. Y. (2016). THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK. Gazi University Journal of Science, 29(3), 549-558.
AMA Taskoparan Yilmaz U, Aydın ZY. THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK. Gazi University Journal of Science. September 2016;29(3):549-558.
Chicago Taskoparan Yilmaz, Ummihan, and Zehra Yazar Aydın. “THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK”. Gazi University Journal of Science 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 549-58.
EndNote Taskoparan Yilmaz U, Aydın ZY (September 1, 2016) THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK. Gazi University Journal of Science 29 3 549–558.
IEEE U. Taskoparan Yilmaz and Z. Y. Aydın, “THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 549–558, 2016.
ISNAD Taskoparan Yilmaz, Ummihan - Aydın, Zehra Yazar. “THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK”. Gazi University Journal of Science 29/3 (September 2016), 549-558.
JAMA Taskoparan Yilmaz U, Aydın ZY. THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2016;29:549–558.
MLA Taskoparan Yilmaz, Ummihan and Zehra Yazar Aydın. “THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 29, no. 3, 2016, pp. 549-58.
Vancouver Taskoparan Yilmaz U, Aydın ZY. THE DETERMINATION OF AMMELINE BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY /APPLICATION TO MILK. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2016;29(3):549-58.