Research Article
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Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance

Year 2025, Early View, 1 - 1

Büşra Öztürk Selçuk Sayın

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1392528

Abstract

Historical buildings are being destroyed over time and energy losses are increasing. Therefore, energy efficient preservation of historical buildings is an important issue. However, the application of contemporary additions has increased in cases such as the revival of building units that have not survived to the present day or when a new post-functional space is required. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of contemporary additions on the energy performance of historic buildings through a case study. For this purpose, energy simulation analyzes of the historical Süleyman Pasha Bath in Kocaeli province were performed through Design Builder. Before the simulations applied, information about stone, which is the original material of the building, and glass applied with contemporary materials were entered into the programme. The provinces of Izmir, Konya, Sivas, and Erzurum were selected from five climatic regions for the contemporary additional analysis. In these provinces there are many traditional bathing buildings with similar plan types. According to simulated results, it was concluded that the application of modern additions after the restoration negatively affected the energy performance in all five climate zones. Before applying contemporary additions to historical buildings, factors such as the microclimate, material properties and geometry of the building should be taken into consideration during the design phase and a decision should be made as a result of various analyses. Consequently, when contemporary additions to historic buildings are required, using the most effective construction techniques and materials is important in terms of building sustainability and effectiveness.

Keywords

Contemporary addition Historical building Energy efficiency Energy performance Energy simulation

References

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  • [2] Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., and Pout, C., “A review on buildings energy consumption information,” Energy Building, 40, (3): 394-398, (2008).
  • [3] Ascione, F., Ceroni, F., De Masi, R. F., De’Rossi, F., and Pecce, M. R., “Historical buildings: Multidisciplinary approach to structural/energy diagnosis and performance assessment,” Applied Energy, 185: 1517-1528, (2017).
  • [4] Ionescu, C., Baracu, T., Vlad, G. E., Necula, H., and Badea, A.,“The historical evolution of the energy efficient buildings,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49: 243–253, (2015).
  • [5] International Energy Agency, “Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations,” OECD/IEA, Paris, (2008).
  • [6] Ouyang, J., Wang, C., Li, H., and Hokao, K., “A methodology for energy-efficient renovation of existing residential buildings in China and case study,” Energy and Building, 43(9): 2203–2210, (2011).
  • [7] Lechtenböhmer, S., and Schüring, A., “The potential for large-scale savings from insulating residential buildings in the EU,” Energy Efficiency, 4(2): 257–270, (2011).
  • [8] Danial, C. E., Mahmoud, A. H. A., and Tawfik, M. Y., “Methodology for retrofitting energy in existing office buildings using building information modelling programs,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(6): 102175, (2023).
  • [9] Ozbalta, T. G., Yildiz, Y., Bayram, I., and Yilmaz, O. C., “Energy performance analysis of a historical building using cost-optimal assessment,” Energy Building., 250(3): 1-14, (2021).
  • [10] Galatioto, A., Ciulla, G., and Ricciu, R., “An overview of energy retrofit actions feasibility on Italian historical buildings,” Energy, 137(C): 991-1000, (2017).
  • [11] Balçık, S., and Yamaçlı, R., “Mimarlık Mirası Yapıların İşlevlendirilmesi ve Enerji Verimliliği,” İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 12(25): 29–40, (2022).
  • [12] Bertolin, C., and Loli, A., “Sustainable interventions in historic buildings: A developing decision making tool,” Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34: 291–302, (2018).
  • [13] Karakök, M. E. Ç., and Gökarslan, A. B., “Tarihi Dokuda Çağdaş Ek Kavramının Atölye Ortamında Deneyimlenmesi: Mass’ Workshop 2015,” 13(24): 54–78, (2017).
  • [14] Öztürk, B., “Çağdaş eklerin tarihi yapının enerji performansına etkisinin incelenmesi” Master’s Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, Konya, 94-100, (2023).
  • [15] Kılıç, A.,“Tarihi Çevrede Yeni Yapı-Yeni Ek Bağlamında Norman Foster Yapıları,” Master’s Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri, 25-29, (2015).
  • [16] De Berardinis, P., Rotilio, M., Marchionni, C., and Friedman, A., “Improving the energy-efficiency of historic masonry buildings. A case study: A minor centre in the Abruzzo region, Italy,” Energy Building, 80: 415–423, (2014).
  • [17] Calcerano, F., Thravalou, S., Martinelli, L., Alexandrou, K., Artopoulos, G., and Gigliarelli, E., “Energy and environmental improvement of built heritage: HBIM simulation-based approach applied to nine Mediterranean case-studies,” Building Research Information, 52(2): 225–247, (2024).
  • [18] Fedorczak-Cisak, M., Radziszewska-Zielina, E., Orlik-Kozdoń, B., Steidl, T., and Tatara, T., “Analysis of the thermal retrofitting potential of the external walls of podhale’s historical timber buildings in the aspect of the non-deterioration of their technical condition,” Energies, 13(18): 1–35, (2020).
  • [19] Galbiati, G., Graf, F., Marino, G., and Fürbringer, J. M., “A modelling framework for modern heritage buildings energy simulation,” Journal Building Enginering, 80(12): 1-14, (2023).
  • [20] Onecha, B. and Dotor, A. “Simulation method to assess thermal comfort in historical buildings with high-volume interior spaces—the case of the gothic basilica of sta. Maria del mar in barcelona,” Sustainability, 13(5): 1–20, (2021).
  • [21] Etemad, A., Zare, N., Shafaat, A., ve Bahman, A. M.,“Assessing strategies for retrofitting cooling systems in historical buildings,” Energy Reports, 11(August): 1503–1516, (2024).
  • [22] Lucchi, E., “Renewable Energies and Architectural Heritage: Advanced Solutions and Future Perspectives,” Buildings, 13(3): 631-657, (2023).
  • [23] Timur, B. A., “Thermal Retrofitting on Traditional Buildings With Exterior Hall ( Sofa ): Urban and Rural Houses of Muğla,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, (2019).
  • [24] Han, W., Han, M., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., Xie, K., and Zhang, Y., “Historic Building Renovation with Solar System towards Zero-Energy Consumption: Feasibility Analysis and Case Optimization Practice in China,” Sustainability, 16(3): 1298-1314, (2024).
  • [25] Huo, H., Deng, X., Wei, Y., Liu, Z., and Liu, M., “Optimization of energy-saving renovation technology for existing buildings in a hot summer and cold winter area,” Journal Building Enginering, 86 (1): 108597, (2024).
  • [26] Stellacci, S., Domingos, L., and Resende, R., “Integrated computational approaches for energy retrofit of historical buildings in extreme climate environments,” International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 42(1): 114–132, (2022).
  • [27] Milić, V., Ekelöw, K., Andersson, M., and Moshfegh, B., “Evaluation of energy renovation strategies for 12 historic building types using LCC optimization,” Energy Building, 197(15): 156–170, (2019).
  • [28] Bakonyi, D., and Dobszay, G., “Simulation aided optimization of a historic window’s refurbishment,” Energy Building, 126(15): 51–69, (2016).
  • [29] Rospi, G., Cardinale, N., and Negro, E., “Energy performance and economic feasibility study of historical building in the city of Matera, Southern Italy,” Energies, 10(12): 1-18, (2017).
  • [30] Cho, H. M., Yun, B. Y., Yang, S., Wi, S., Chang, S. J., and Kim, S., “Optimal energy retrofit plan for conservation and sustainable use of historic campus building: Case of cultural property building,” Applied Energy, 275 (1): 115313, (2020).
  • [31] Webb, A. L., “Energy retrofits in historic and traditional buildings: A review of problems and methods,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77 (1): 748–759, (2017).
  • [32] Massarotti, N., Mauro, A., Normino, G., Vanoli, L., Verde, C., Allocca, V., Calcaterra, D., Coda, S., De Vita, P., Forzano, C., Palombo, A., and P. Cosenza, “Innovative solutions to use ground-coupled heat pumps in historical buildings: A test case in the city of Napoli, Southern Italy,” Energies, 14(2): 296- 318, (2020).
  • [33] Magrini, A., Franco, G., and Guerrini, M., “The Impact of the Energy Performance Improvement of Historic Buildings on the Environmental Sustainability,” Energy Procedia, 75: 1399–1405, (2015).
  • [34] Genç, G., “Tarihi Yapıların Enerji Verimli İyileştirilmesi İçin Bir Karar Destek Sistemi Önerisi,” PhD Thesis, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 34-47, (2022).
  • [35] Aksoy, T., and Büyükakın, T., Kocaeli Kültür Envanteri, Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları, Kocaeli, (2011).
  • [36] Yıldırım, Ş., “İşlev Değişikliğinin Tarihi Hamam Yapıları Üzerindeki Etki Ve Sorunları: Üsküdar Yeşil Direkli Hamam Örneği,” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul, (2021).
  • [37] İstanbul Belediyesi, “Tarih Koridoru, Süleyman Paşa Hamamı,” https://www.izmit.bel.tr/tarih_koridoru/suleyman-pasa-hamami_16.html, (2021). Access date: 18.09.2023
  • [38] Orhan G., and Ekici, B. B., “Farklı İklim Bölgelerinde Çatı Türünün Bina Isıtma ve Soğutma Yüküne Etkisi” 43: 110–115, (2022).
  • [39] Solmaz, A. S., “A Critical Review on Building Performance Simulation Tools,” Alam Cipta, 12(2): 7–21, (2019).
  • [40] Tayari, N., and Nikpour, M., “Investigating DesignBuilder Simulation Software’s Validation in Term of Heat Gain through Field Measured Data of Adjacent Rooms of Courtyard House,” Iran. J. Energy Environment, 14(1): 1–8, (2023).
  • [41] Abba, H. Y., Abdul Majid, R., Ahmed, M. H., and Ayegbusi, O. G., “Validation of Designbuilder Simulation Accuracy Using Field Measured Data of Indoor Air Temperature in a Classroom Building,” Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 7(27): 171–178, (2022).
  • [42] Çakmanus, İ., and Künar, A., "Müzelerde iç çevre gereksinimleri: Ayasofya, Topkapı ve Türk İslam Eserleri Müzeleri bağlamında Türkiye’deki durum." 24(1): 235-259, (2016).
  • [43] TS 825., “Binalarda Isı Yalıtım Kuralları”, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, (2013).
  • [44] https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/gunderece.aspx?g=aylik&m=06%2000y=2023&a=01 #sfB Access date: 18.02.2024

Year 2025, Early View, 1 - 1

Büşra Öztürk Selçuk Sayın

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1392528

Abstract

References

  • [1] Jain, A. S., Saikia, P., and Rakshit, D., “Thermal energy performance of an academic building with sustainable probing and optimization with evolutionary algorithm,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 17: 1-13, 100374, (2020).
  • [2] Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., and Pout, C., “A review on buildings energy consumption information,” Energy Building, 40, (3): 394-398, (2008).
  • [3] Ascione, F., Ceroni, F., De Masi, R. F., De’Rossi, F., and Pecce, M. R., “Historical buildings: Multidisciplinary approach to structural/energy diagnosis and performance assessment,” Applied Energy, 185: 1517-1528, (2017).
  • [4] Ionescu, C., Baracu, T., Vlad, G. E., Necula, H., and Badea, A.,“The historical evolution of the energy efficient buildings,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49: 243–253, (2015).
  • [5] International Energy Agency, “Energy Efficiency Policy Recommendations,” OECD/IEA, Paris, (2008).
  • [6] Ouyang, J., Wang, C., Li, H., and Hokao, K., “A methodology for energy-efficient renovation of existing residential buildings in China and case study,” Energy and Building, 43(9): 2203–2210, (2011).
  • [7] Lechtenböhmer, S., and Schüring, A., “The potential for large-scale savings from insulating residential buildings in the EU,” Energy Efficiency, 4(2): 257–270, (2011).
  • [8] Danial, C. E., Mahmoud, A. H. A., and Tawfik, M. Y., “Methodology for retrofitting energy in existing office buildings using building information modelling programs,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(6): 102175, (2023).
  • [9] Ozbalta, T. G., Yildiz, Y., Bayram, I., and Yilmaz, O. C., “Energy performance analysis of a historical building using cost-optimal assessment,” Energy Building., 250(3): 1-14, (2021).
  • [10] Galatioto, A., Ciulla, G., and Ricciu, R., “An overview of energy retrofit actions feasibility on Italian historical buildings,” Energy, 137(C): 991-1000, (2017).
  • [11] Balçık, S., and Yamaçlı, R., “Mimarlık Mirası Yapıların İşlevlendirilmesi ve Enerji Verimliliği,” İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 12(25): 29–40, (2022).
  • [12] Bertolin, C., and Loli, A., “Sustainable interventions in historic buildings: A developing decision making tool,” Journal of Cultural Heritage, 34: 291–302, (2018).
  • [13] Karakök, M. E. Ç., and Gökarslan, A. B., “Tarihi Dokuda Çağdaş Ek Kavramının Atölye Ortamında Deneyimlenmesi: Mass’ Workshop 2015,” 13(24): 54–78, (2017).
  • [14] Öztürk, B., “Çağdaş eklerin tarihi yapının enerji performansına etkisinin incelenmesi” Master’s Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, Konya, 94-100, (2023).
  • [15] Kılıç, A.,“Tarihi Çevrede Yeni Yapı-Yeni Ek Bağlamında Norman Foster Yapıları,” Master’s Thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri, 25-29, (2015).
  • [16] De Berardinis, P., Rotilio, M., Marchionni, C., and Friedman, A., “Improving the energy-efficiency of historic masonry buildings. A case study: A minor centre in the Abruzzo region, Italy,” Energy Building, 80: 415–423, (2014).
  • [17] Calcerano, F., Thravalou, S., Martinelli, L., Alexandrou, K., Artopoulos, G., and Gigliarelli, E., “Energy and environmental improvement of built heritage: HBIM simulation-based approach applied to nine Mediterranean case-studies,” Building Research Information, 52(2): 225–247, (2024).
  • [18] Fedorczak-Cisak, M., Radziszewska-Zielina, E., Orlik-Kozdoń, B., Steidl, T., and Tatara, T., “Analysis of the thermal retrofitting potential of the external walls of podhale’s historical timber buildings in the aspect of the non-deterioration of their technical condition,” Energies, 13(18): 1–35, (2020).
  • [19] Galbiati, G., Graf, F., Marino, G., and Fürbringer, J. M., “A modelling framework for modern heritage buildings energy simulation,” Journal Building Enginering, 80(12): 1-14, (2023).
  • [20] Onecha, B. and Dotor, A. “Simulation method to assess thermal comfort in historical buildings with high-volume interior spaces—the case of the gothic basilica of sta. Maria del mar in barcelona,” Sustainability, 13(5): 1–20, (2021).
  • [21] Etemad, A., Zare, N., Shafaat, A., ve Bahman, A. M.,“Assessing strategies for retrofitting cooling systems in historical buildings,” Energy Reports, 11(August): 1503–1516, (2024).
  • [22] Lucchi, E., “Renewable Energies and Architectural Heritage: Advanced Solutions and Future Perspectives,” Buildings, 13(3): 631-657, (2023).
  • [23] Timur, B. A., “Thermal Retrofitting on Traditional Buildings With Exterior Hall ( Sofa ): Urban and Rural Houses of Muğla,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, (2019).
  • [24] Han, W., Han, M., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., Xie, K., and Zhang, Y., “Historic Building Renovation with Solar System towards Zero-Energy Consumption: Feasibility Analysis and Case Optimization Practice in China,” Sustainability, 16(3): 1298-1314, (2024).
  • [25] Huo, H., Deng, X., Wei, Y., Liu, Z., and Liu, M., “Optimization of energy-saving renovation technology for existing buildings in a hot summer and cold winter area,” Journal Building Enginering, 86 (1): 108597, (2024).
  • [26] Stellacci, S., Domingos, L., and Resende, R., “Integrated computational approaches for energy retrofit of historical buildings in extreme climate environments,” International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 42(1): 114–132, (2022).
  • [27] Milić, V., Ekelöw, K., Andersson, M., and Moshfegh, B., “Evaluation of energy renovation strategies for 12 historic building types using LCC optimization,” Energy Building, 197(15): 156–170, (2019).
  • [28] Bakonyi, D., and Dobszay, G., “Simulation aided optimization of a historic window’s refurbishment,” Energy Building, 126(15): 51–69, (2016).
  • [29] Rospi, G., Cardinale, N., and Negro, E., “Energy performance and economic feasibility study of historical building in the city of Matera, Southern Italy,” Energies, 10(12): 1-18, (2017).
  • [30] Cho, H. M., Yun, B. Y., Yang, S., Wi, S., Chang, S. J., and Kim, S., “Optimal energy retrofit plan for conservation and sustainable use of historic campus building: Case of cultural property building,” Applied Energy, 275 (1): 115313, (2020).
  • [31] Webb, A. L., “Energy retrofits in historic and traditional buildings: A review of problems and methods,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77 (1): 748–759, (2017).
  • [32] Massarotti, N., Mauro, A., Normino, G., Vanoli, L., Verde, C., Allocca, V., Calcaterra, D., Coda, S., De Vita, P., Forzano, C., Palombo, A., and P. Cosenza, “Innovative solutions to use ground-coupled heat pumps in historical buildings: A test case in the city of Napoli, Southern Italy,” Energies, 14(2): 296- 318, (2020).
  • [33] Magrini, A., Franco, G., and Guerrini, M., “The Impact of the Energy Performance Improvement of Historic Buildings on the Environmental Sustainability,” Energy Procedia, 75: 1399–1405, (2015).
  • [34] Genç, G., “Tarihi Yapıların Enerji Verimli İyileştirilmesi İçin Bir Karar Destek Sistemi Önerisi,” PhD Thesis, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 34-47, (2022).
  • [35] Aksoy, T., and Büyükakın, T., Kocaeli Kültür Envanteri, Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi Yayınları, Kocaeli, (2011).
  • [36] Yıldırım, Ş., “İşlev Değişikliğinin Tarihi Hamam Yapıları Üzerindeki Etki Ve Sorunları: Üsküdar Yeşil Direkli Hamam Örneği,” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul, (2021).
  • [37] İstanbul Belediyesi, “Tarih Koridoru, Süleyman Paşa Hamamı,” https://www.izmit.bel.tr/tarih_koridoru/suleyman-pasa-hamami_16.html, (2021). Access date: 18.09.2023
  • [38] Orhan G., and Ekici, B. B., “Farklı İklim Bölgelerinde Çatı Türünün Bina Isıtma ve Soğutma Yüküne Etkisi” 43: 110–115, (2022).
  • [39] Solmaz, A. S., “A Critical Review on Building Performance Simulation Tools,” Alam Cipta, 12(2): 7–21, (2019).
  • [40] Tayari, N., and Nikpour, M., “Investigating DesignBuilder Simulation Software’s Validation in Term of Heat Gain through Field Measured Data of Adjacent Rooms of Courtyard House,” Iran. J. Energy Environment, 14(1): 1–8, (2023).
  • [41] Abba, H. Y., Abdul Majid, R., Ahmed, M. H., and Ayegbusi, O. G., “Validation of Designbuilder Simulation Accuracy Using Field Measured Data of Indoor Air Temperature in a Classroom Building,” Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 7(27): 171–178, (2022).
  • [42] Çakmanus, İ., and Künar, A., "Müzelerde iç çevre gereksinimleri: Ayasofya, Topkapı ve Türk İslam Eserleri Müzeleri bağlamında Türkiye’deki durum." 24(1): 235-259, (2016).
  • [43] TS 825., “Binalarda Isı Yalıtım Kuralları”, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, (2013).
  • [44] https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/gunderece.aspx?g=aylik&m=06%2000y=2023&a=01 #sfB Access date: 18.02.2024
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural Heritage and Conservation, Sustainable Architecture, Architecture (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Büşra Öztürk 0000-0001-8177-0653

Selçuk Sayın 0000-0002-7212-2774

Early Pub Date June 12, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date November 17, 2023
Acceptance Date May 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Early View

Cite

APA Öztürk, B., & Sayın, S. (2024). Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance. Gazi University Journal of Science1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1392528
AMA Öztürk B, Sayın S. Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance. Gazi University Journal of Science. Published online June 1, 2024:1-1. doi:10.35378/gujs.1392528
Chicago Öztürk, Büşra, and Selçuk Sayın. “Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance”. Gazi University Journal of Science, June (June 2024), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1392528.
EndNote Öztürk B, Sayın S (June 1, 2024) Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance. Gazi University Journal of Science 1–1.
IEEE B. Öztürk and S. Sayın, “Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance”, Gazi University Journal of Science, pp. 1–1, June 2024, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1392528.
ISNAD Öztürk, Büşra - Sayın, Selçuk. “Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance”. Gazi University Journal of Science. June 2024. 1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1392528.
JAMA Öztürk B, Sayın S. Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024;:1–1.
MLA Öztürk, Büşra and Selçuk Sayın. “Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance”. Gazi University Journal of Science, 2024, pp. 1-1, doi:10.35378/gujs.1392528.
Vancouver Öztürk B, Sayın S. Examination of the Impact of Contemporary Additions on the Historical Building’s Energy Performance. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024:1-.