Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications

Year 2023, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 675 - 691, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1067707

Abstract

This paper investigates the torque generating capabilities and performance comparison of induction machines (IM) and interior-permanent magnet (IPM) machines for electric vehicle (EV) traction applications. Electromagnetic performance characteristics, such as torque, torque ripple, air-gap flux density, etc. are quantitatively compared by changing the level of electric loading. Other performance metrics such as saturation factor, power losses, efficiency, and so on, as well as the flux-weakening capability and efficiency map have also been compared. For calculations of the electromagnetic performance characteristics, 2D time-stepping finite element analysis (FEA) has been employed. It has been revealed that due to the reduction in torque components of IPM machine as a consequence of magnet demagnetization, it cannot generate toque as high as IM under overloading operating conditions. A thorough review of the literature on comparative studies on the electrical machines used in EV or Hybrid EV (HEV) applications is also included.

References

  • [1] Diaz, S., Tietge, U., Mock, P., "CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: Car manufacturers’ performance in 2015", The International Council on Clean Transportation, (2016).
  • [2] Zeraoulia, M., Benbouzid, M. E. H., Diallo, D., "Electric motor drive selection issues for HEV propulsion systems: a comparative study", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 55(6): 1756-1764, (2006).
  • [3] Dorrell, D. G., Knight, A.M., Evans L., Popescu, M., "Analysis and design techniques applied to hybrid vehicle drive machines — assessment of alternative IPM and induction motor topologies", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(10): 3690-3699, (2012).
  • [4] Goss, J., Popescu M., Staton, D., "A comparison of an interior permanent magnet and copper rotor induction motor in a hybrid electric vehicle application", International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC'13), Chicago, IL, 220-225, (2013).
  • [5] Boldea, I., Tutelea, L. N., Parsa, L., Dorrell, D., "Automotive electric propulsion systems with reduced or no permanent magnets: an overview", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(10): 5696-5711, (2014).
  • [6] Yang, Z., Shang, F., Brown, I. P., Krishnamurthy, M., "Comparative study of interior permanent magnet, induction, and switched reluctance motor drives for EV and HEV applications", IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 1(3): 245-254, (2015).
  • [7] Guan, Y., Zhu, Z. Q., Afinowi, I. A. A., Mipo, J. C., Farah, P., "Comparison between induction machine and interior permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle application", COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 35(2): 572-585, (2016).
  • [8] Li, K., Bouscayrol, A., Cui, S., Cheng, Y., "A hybrid modular cascade machines system for electric vehicles using induction machine and permanent magnet synchronous machine", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(1): 273-281, (2021).
  • [9] Groschup, B., Nell, M., Pauli, F., Hameyer, K., "Characteristic thermal parameters in electric motors: comparison between induction- and permanent magnet excited machine", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 36(3): 2239-2248, (2021).
  • [10] El-Refaie, A. M., "Motors/generators for traction/propulsion applications: A review", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 8(1): 90-99, (2013).
  • [11] Zhu, Z. Q., Howe, D., "Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles", Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(4): 746-765, (2007).
  • [12] Zhu, Z. Q., Chan, C. C., "Electrical machine topologies and technologies for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles", IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 1-6, (2008).
  • [13] Jiang, Y., Krishnamurthy, M., "Performance evaluation of AC machines for propulsion in a range extended electric auto rickshaw", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’12), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2012).
  • [14] Wu, S., Tian, L., Cui, S., "A comparative study of the interior permanent magnet electrical machine’s rotor configurations for a single shaft hybrid electric bus", IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 1-4, (2008).
  • [15] Wang, A., Jia, Y., Soong, W. L., "Comparison of five topologies for an interior permanent-magnet machine for a hybrid electric vehicle", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47(10): 3606-3609, (2011).
  • [16] Liu, X., Chen, H., Zhao, J., Belahcen, A., "Research on the performances and parameters of interior PMSM used for electric vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(6): 3533-3545, (2016).
  • [17] Yamazaki, K., Kumagai, M., "Torque analysis of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors by considering cross-magnetization: variation in torque components with permanent-magnet configurations", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(7): 3192-3201, (2014).
  • [18] Bucherl, D., Nuscheler, R., Meyer, W., Herzog, H. G., "Comparison of electrical machine types in hybrid drive trains: Induction machine vs. permanent magnet synchronous machine", International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM’08), Vilamoura, 1-6, (2008).
  • [19] Yang, R., Schofield, N., Emadi, A., "Comparative study between interior and surface permanent magnet traction machine designs", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’16), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2016).
  • [20] Pellegrino, G., Vagati, A., Guglielmi, P., Boazzo, B., "Performance comparison between surface-mounted and interior PM motor drives for Electric Vehicle Application", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(2): 803-811, (2012).
  • [21] Piña, A. J., Xu, L., "Comparison of apparent power consumption in synchronous reluctance and induction motor under vector control", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’15), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2015).
  • [22] Pellegrino, G., Vagati, A., Boazzo, B., Guglielmi, P., "Comparison of induction and PM synchronous motor drives for EV application including design examples", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 48(6): 2322-2332, (2012).
  • [23] Chan, C. C., "The State of the Art of Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles", Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(4): 704-718, (2007).
  • [24] Guan, Y., Zhu, Z. Q., Afinowi, I., Mipo, J. C., "Influence of machine design parameters on flux-weakening performance of induction machine for electrical vehicle application", IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, 5(1): 43-52, (2015).
  • [25] Olszewski, M., "Evaluation of the 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid synergy drive system", Oak Ridge National Labs, U. S. Department of Energy, (2011).
  • [26] Vas, P., "Vector Control of AC Machines", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 124-130, (1990).
  • [27] Xu, X., Doncker, R., Novotny, D. W., "A stator flux oriented induction machine drive", Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 2: 870-876, (1988).
  • [28] Seibel, B. J., Rowan, T. M., Kerkman, R. J., "Field-oriented control of an induction machine in the field-weakening region with DC-link and load disturbance rejection," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 33(6): 1578-1584, (1997).
  • [29] Gundogdu, T., Zhu, Z. Q., Mipo, J. C., Farah, P., "Investigation of non-sinusoidal rotor bar current phenomenon in induction machines—Influence of slip and electric loading", International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM’16), Lausanne, 1: 419-425, (2016).
  • [30] Gundogdu, T., Komurgoz, G., "Influence of design parameters on flux-weakening performance of interior permanent magnet machines with novel semi-overlapping windings", IET Electric Power Applications, Lausanne, 14: 2547-2563, (2020).
Year 2023, Volume: 36 Issue: 2, 675 - 691, 01.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1067707

Abstract

References

  • [1] Diaz, S., Tietge, U., Mock, P., "CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: Car manufacturers’ performance in 2015", The International Council on Clean Transportation, (2016).
  • [2] Zeraoulia, M., Benbouzid, M. E. H., Diallo, D., "Electric motor drive selection issues for HEV propulsion systems: a comparative study", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 55(6): 1756-1764, (2006).
  • [3] Dorrell, D. G., Knight, A.M., Evans L., Popescu, M., "Analysis and design techniques applied to hybrid vehicle drive machines — assessment of alternative IPM and induction motor topologies", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(10): 3690-3699, (2012).
  • [4] Goss, J., Popescu M., Staton, D., "A comparison of an interior permanent magnet and copper rotor induction motor in a hybrid electric vehicle application", International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC'13), Chicago, IL, 220-225, (2013).
  • [5] Boldea, I., Tutelea, L. N., Parsa, L., Dorrell, D., "Automotive electric propulsion systems with reduced or no permanent magnets: an overview", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(10): 5696-5711, (2014).
  • [6] Yang, Z., Shang, F., Brown, I. P., Krishnamurthy, M., "Comparative study of interior permanent magnet, induction, and switched reluctance motor drives for EV and HEV applications", IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 1(3): 245-254, (2015).
  • [7] Guan, Y., Zhu, Z. Q., Afinowi, I. A. A., Mipo, J. C., Farah, P., "Comparison between induction machine and interior permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle application", COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 35(2): 572-585, (2016).
  • [8] Li, K., Bouscayrol, A., Cui, S., Cheng, Y., "A hybrid modular cascade machines system for electric vehicles using induction machine and permanent magnet synchronous machine", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(1): 273-281, (2021).
  • [9] Groschup, B., Nell, M., Pauli, F., Hameyer, K., "Characteristic thermal parameters in electric motors: comparison between induction- and permanent magnet excited machine", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 36(3): 2239-2248, (2021).
  • [10] El-Refaie, A. M., "Motors/generators for traction/propulsion applications: A review", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 8(1): 90-99, (2013).
  • [11] Zhu, Z. Q., Howe, D., "Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles", Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(4): 746-765, (2007).
  • [12] Zhu, Z. Q., Chan, C. C., "Electrical machine topologies and technologies for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles", IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 1-6, (2008).
  • [13] Jiang, Y., Krishnamurthy, M., "Performance evaluation of AC machines for propulsion in a range extended electric auto rickshaw", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’12), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2012).
  • [14] Wu, S., Tian, L., Cui, S., "A comparative study of the interior permanent magnet electrical machine’s rotor configurations for a single shaft hybrid electric bus", IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 1-4, (2008).
  • [15] Wang, A., Jia, Y., Soong, W. L., "Comparison of five topologies for an interior permanent-magnet machine for a hybrid electric vehicle", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47(10): 3606-3609, (2011).
  • [16] Liu, X., Chen, H., Zhao, J., Belahcen, A., "Research on the performances and parameters of interior PMSM used for electric vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63(6): 3533-3545, (2016).
  • [17] Yamazaki, K., Kumagai, M., "Torque analysis of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors by considering cross-magnetization: variation in torque components with permanent-magnet configurations", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(7): 3192-3201, (2014).
  • [18] Bucherl, D., Nuscheler, R., Meyer, W., Herzog, H. G., "Comparison of electrical machine types in hybrid drive trains: Induction machine vs. permanent magnet synchronous machine", International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM’08), Vilamoura, 1-6, (2008).
  • [19] Yang, R., Schofield, N., Emadi, A., "Comparative study between interior and surface permanent magnet traction machine designs", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’16), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2016).
  • [20] Pellegrino, G., Vagati, A., Guglielmi, P., Boazzo, B., "Performance comparison between surface-mounted and interior PM motor drives for Electric Vehicle Application", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(2): 803-811, (2012).
  • [21] Piña, A. J., Xu, L., "Comparison of apparent power consumption in synchronous reluctance and induction motor under vector control", IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC’15), Dearborn, MI, 1-6, (2015).
  • [22] Pellegrino, G., Vagati, A., Boazzo, B., Guglielmi, P., "Comparison of induction and PM synchronous motor drives for EV application including design examples", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 48(6): 2322-2332, (2012).
  • [23] Chan, C. C., "The State of the Art of Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles", Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(4): 704-718, (2007).
  • [24] Guan, Y., Zhu, Z. Q., Afinowi, I., Mipo, J. C., "Influence of machine design parameters on flux-weakening performance of induction machine for electrical vehicle application", IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, 5(1): 43-52, (2015).
  • [25] Olszewski, M., "Evaluation of the 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid synergy drive system", Oak Ridge National Labs, U. S. Department of Energy, (2011).
  • [26] Vas, P., "Vector Control of AC Machines", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 124-130, (1990).
  • [27] Xu, X., Doncker, R., Novotny, D. W., "A stator flux oriented induction machine drive", Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 2: 870-876, (1988).
  • [28] Seibel, B. J., Rowan, T. M., Kerkman, R. J., "Field-oriented control of an induction machine in the field-weakening region with DC-link and load disturbance rejection," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 33(6): 1578-1584, (1997).
  • [29] Gundogdu, T., Zhu, Z. Q., Mipo, J. C., Farah, P., "Investigation of non-sinusoidal rotor bar current phenomenon in induction machines—Influence of slip and electric loading", International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM’16), Lausanne, 1: 419-425, (2016).
  • [30] Gundogdu, T., Komurgoz, G., "Influence of design parameters on flux-weakening performance of interior permanent magnet machines with novel semi-overlapping windings", IET Electric Power Applications, Lausanne, 14: 2547-2563, (2020).
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Authors

Tayfun Gündoğdu 0000-0002-7150-1860

Publication Date June 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 36 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gündoğdu, T. (2023). Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications. Gazi University Journal of Science, 36(2), 675-691. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1067707
AMA Gündoğdu T. Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications. Gazi University Journal of Science. June 2023;36(2):675-691. doi:10.35378/gujs.1067707
Chicago Gündoğdu, Tayfun. “Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36, no. 2 (June 2023): 675-91. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1067707.
EndNote Gündoğdu T (June 1, 2023) Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications. Gazi University Journal of Science 36 2 675–691.
IEEE T. Gündoğdu, “Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 675–691, 2023, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1067707.
ISNAD Gündoğdu, Tayfun. “Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36/2 (June 2023), 675-691. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1067707.
JAMA Gündoğdu T. Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36:675–691.
MLA Gündoğdu, Tayfun. “Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 2, 2023, pp. 675-91, doi:10.35378/gujs.1067707.
Vancouver Gündoğdu T. Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36(2):675-91.