Production of Al-based Foam Using Powder Metallurgy method, Its Application Areas and Use for Energy Absorption in Polymer-based Armors

Öz

Son yıllarda hem akademik hem de endüstriyel alanlarda yoğun araştırmalara konu olan metalik köpükler, oldukça hafif ve gözenekli yapıya sahip malzemelerdir. Bu malzemeler, çok düşük yoğunlukları ve yüksek enerji emme özellikleriyle otomotiv endüstrisi başta olmak üzere havacılık ve savunma sanayi gibi alanlarda öne çıkmaktadır. Metalik köpükler oldukça gözenekli yapılarına rağmen yüksek mukavemet, düşük ısı iletkenliği ve yüksek enerji emme kapasitesine sahiptir. Metalik köpüklerin mekanik özellikleri, gözeneklerin şekline, boyutuna ve yüzey alanına, üretim sırasında yapıya eklenen takviye elemanlarının özelliklerine ve matris malzemesiyle etkileşimlerine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterir. Köpük malzemeler, hafiflikleri ve enerji emme özellikleri nedeniyle araç tasarımcıları için özellikle cazip hale gelmiştir. Aracın birçok farklı alanında kullanılmalarına rağmen, özellikle çarpışma durumunda araçta oluşabilecek hasarın en aza indirilmesi ve yolcuların en az zarar görmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca, enerji ve çevrenin önemli olduğu günümüzde, araç ağırlığının azaltılması yakıt tüketimini azaltacak ve verimliliği artırarak çevreye verilen zararı en aza indirecektir. Bu makalede, toz metalurjisi (TM) yöntemiyle üretilen kapalı hücreli Al esaslı metalik köpük malzemeler hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra, takviyeli ve takviyesiz köpük üretimi, sandviç köpük üretimi, küresel köpük üretimi ve metalik köpük dolgulu profil üretimi gibi özel üretim yöntemleri hakkında kapsamlı bilgi verilmektedir. Ayrıca, çok yeni bir uygulama olan metalik köpük takviyeli integral zırh malzemesinin üretimi ve diğer uygulamalar hakkında genel bilgiler verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Powdered metal Al foams
• Production methods
• Areas of use
• Armor materials reinforced with metallic foam

Production of Al-based Foam Using Powder Metallurgy method, Its Application Areas and Use for Energy Absorption in Polymer-based Armors

Abstract

Son yıllarda hem akademik hem de endüstriyel alanlarda yoğun araştırmalara konu olan metalik köpükler, oldukça hafif ve gözenekli yapıya sahip malzemelerdir. Bu malzemeler, çok düşük yoğunlukları ve yüksek enerji emme özellikleriyle otomotiv endüstrisi başta olmak üzere havacılık ve savunma sanayi gibi alanlarda öne çıkmaktadır. Metalik köpükler oldukça gözenekli yapılarına rağmen yüksek mukavemet, düşük ısı iletkenliği ve yüksek enerji emme kapasitesine sahiptir. Metalik köpüklerin mekanik özellikleri, gözeneklerin şekline, boyutuna ve yüzey alanına, üretim sırasında yapıya eklenen takviye elemanlarının özelliklerine ve matris malzemesiyle etkileşimlerine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterir. Köpük malzemeler, hafiflikleri ve enerji emme özellikleri nedeniyle araç tasarımcıları için özellikle cazip hale gelmiştir. Aracın birçok farklı alanında kullanılmalarına rağmen, özellikle çarpışma durumunda araçta oluşabilecek hasarın en aza indirilmesi ve yolcuların en az zarar görmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca, enerji ve çevrenin önemli olduğu günümüzde, araç ağırlığının azaltılması yakıt tüketimini azaltacak ve verimliliği artırarak çevreye verilen zararı en aza indirecektir. Bu makalede, toz metalurjisi (TM) yöntemiyle üretilen kapalı hücreli Al esaslı metalik köpük malzemeler hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra, takviyeli ve takviyesiz köpük üretimi, sandviç köpük üretimi, küresel köpük üretimi ve metalik köpük dolgulu profil üretimi gibi özel üretim yöntemleri hakkında kapsamlı bilgi verilmektedir. Ayrıca, çok yeni bir uygulama olan metalik köpük takviyeli integral zırh malzemesinin üretimi ve diğer uygulamalar hakkında genel bilgiler verilmektedir

Keywords

• Powdered metal Al foams
• Production methods
• Areas of use
• Armor materials reinforced with metallic foam

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