Dynamic Voting-Based Ensemble Deep Learning for Closely Resembling Crop Classification

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 653 - 664, 30.06.2025

Engin Eşme , Muhammed Arif Şen , Halil Çimen

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1632938

Abstract

Utilizing modern deep learning techniques for image processing and data classification holds immense promise for yielding significant outcomes. Consequently, deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated successful applications in agricultural contexts, particularly in tasks such as image classification and data analysis. This study focuses on classifying agricultural crop images, which often bear close resemblance, employing 17 distinct deep learning models and dynamic voting. Initially, the paper provides a concise overview of the dataset and the deep learning methodologies employed. Subsequently, the training and testing phases are carried out effectively. The dataset comprises a total of 804 images depicting five different types of crops: jute, maize, rice, sugarcane, and wheat. To ensure robustness, 10-fold cross-validation is employed, and experiments are conducted consistently across all models using the same sample sets. The results obtained report which models can more accurately detect and classify agricultural crop images. Further, the proposed ensemble approach improves accuracy and ensures greater robustness and stability. According to the experimental findings, Shufflenet achieved the highest individual accuracy of 98.63% on the test set, but the ensemble approach increased this value to 99.75%.

Keywords

Deep Learning, Dynamic Voting, Crop Classification

Supporting Institution

Konya Technical University, Artificial Intelligence Application and Research Center

Dinamik Oylama Tabanlı Topluluk Derin Öğrenme ile Benzer Mahsullerin Sınıflandırılması

Abstract

Güncel derin öğrenme tekniklerinin görüntü işleme ve veri sınıflandırma için kullanılması, önemli sonuçlar elde etme açısından büyük bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, derin öğrenme tabanlı yaklaşımlar tarımsal alanlarda, özellikle görüntü sınıflandırma ve veri analizi gibi görevlerde başarılı uygulamalar sergilemektedir. Bu çalışma, genellikle birbirine çok benzeyen tarımsal mahsul görüntülerini sınıflandırmayı amaçlayarak 17 farklı derin öğrenme modeli ve dinamik oylama yöntemini kullanmaktadır. Çalışmanın başlangıcında veri seti ve kullanılan derin öğrenme yöntemlerine ilişkin kısa bir genel bakış sunulmaktadır. Ardından eğitim ve test aşamaları etkili bir şekilde yürütülmektedir. Veri seti, kenevir, mısır, pirinç, şeker kamışı ve buğday olmak üzere beş farklı mahsul türüne ait toplam 804 görüntüden oluşmaktadır. Güvenilirliği sağlamak amacıyla 10 katlı çapraz doğrulama kullanılmış ve tüm modellerde aynı örnek setleriyle tutarlı deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, hangi modellerin tarımsal mahsul görüntülerini daha doğru bir şekilde tespit edip sınıflandırabildiğini rapor etmektedir. Ayrıca önerilen topluluk yaklaşımı doğruluğu artırmakla kalmayıp daha fazla sağlamlık ve kararlılık sağlamaktadır. Deneysel bulgulara göre, Shufflenet test setinde %98,63 ile en yüksek bireysel doğruluğa ulaşmış, ancak topluluk yaklaşımı bu değeri %99,75'e yükseltmiştir.

Keywords

Derin Öğrenme, Dinamik Oylama, Mahsul Sınıflandırma

Supporting Institution

Konya Teknik Üniversitesi Yapay Zeka Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi

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