Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Piyasa Yoğunlaşmasının Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 101 - 118, 29.01.2025

Caner Aksoy , Bade Ekim Kocaman

Abstract

Bankacılık sektöründeki rekabet ve yoğunluğun anlaşılması, bankaların stratejilerini belirlemeleri ve rekabet avantajı elde etmeleri için kritiktir. Rekabet düzeyi, bankacılık sisteminin performansını, verimliliğini ve istikrarını etkilediği için müşteriler, banka yönetimi, düzenleyiciler ve diğer paydaşlar için önemlidir. Bu araştırma, Türk Bankacılık Sektörü'nün rekabetçi yapısını ve yoğunlaşma dinamiklerini ele alarak sektörün rekabetçi görünümünü ve dönüşümünü açıklığa kavuşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu kapsamda, Türk Bankacılık Sektörü’ndeki piyasa yapısı ve konsantrasyonu kapsamlı konsantrasyon endeksleri kullanılarak deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. N-Firma Yoğunlaşma Endeksi, Herfindahl-Hirschman Endeksi (HHI), Hall-Tideman-Rosenbluth Endeksi, Hannah-Key Endeksi, Kapsamlı Yoğunlaşma Endeksi gibi çeşitli konsantrasyon endekslerini kullanılarak 2000 ile 2022 arasındaki dönemde sektörün yapısal değişiklikleri, kriz etkileri ve ana oyuncuların hakimiyeti izlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yoğunlaşmanın kriz ve düzenleyici değişiklikleri döneminde arttığı elde edilirken, sektördeki oligopolistik eğilimlerin daha da ön plana çıktığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Türk Bankacılık Sektörü, Yoğunlaşma Endeksi, Rekabet

Analysis of Market Concentration in the Turkish Banking Sector

Abstract

Understanding competition and intensity in the banking sector is critical for banks to determine their strategies and gain competitive advantage. The level of competition is important for customers, bank management, regulators and other stakeholders as it affects the performance, efficiency and stability of the banking system. This research aims to clarify the competitive outlook and transformation of the Turkish banking sector by addressing its competitive structure and concentration dynamics. In this context, market structure and concentration in the Turkish banking sector are empirically investigated using comprehensive concentration indices. Using various concentration indices such as N-Firm Concentration Index, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Hall-Tideman-Rosenbluth Index, Hannah-Key Index, Comprehensive Concentration Index, we monitored the structural changes, crisis effects and dominance of the main players in the sector between 2000 and 2022. As a result, we find that concentration increased during the crisis and regulatory changes, while oligopolistic tendencies in the sector became more prominent.

Keywords

Turkish Banking Sector, Concentration Index, Competition

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