A new intelligent parking system based on digital systems and the internet of things (IoT): A conceptual design

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 990 - 1008, 15.10.2023

Başak Bıyık , Metin Mutlu Aydın

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1252682

Abstract

The increase in the number of vehicles brings parking needs in city centers. Many studies are being carried out to solve the problem and new parking lots are constructed. With the developing technology, smart systems are effectively used to increase the capacity of existing car parks. Unfortunately, both putting new car parks into service and equipping existing car parks with technological facilities cannot solve the problem. This highlights that public transportation is used effectively instead of vehicles. On the other hand, the idea of enabling people to reduce parking time is a partial solution. Thus, new smart parking mobile application called “Let's Share a Single Vehicle Park-TAPP was developed conceptually. In the system, utilization period must be specified by the user. Users who specify the duration of utilization are rewarded as a fee when they comply. If they do not, they are faced with overpayment and parking utilization restriction. The parking capacity will be planned instantly and an effective operating performance will be achieved. The factors affecting the proposed system were determined by SWOT analysis and the weighting of each factor using the AHP method was obtained by pairwise comparisons. With the A'WOT analysis, it has been determined that the increase in the need for parking spaces with the increase in the number of vehicles. The need for parking, which is the most important factor due to the increasing number of vehicles, shows the need for such innovative systems when all general factor weights of factors are evaluated together.

Keywords

Smart parking system, Mobil application, Internet of things, Park operation systems, Traffic congestion

Project Number

10

Dijital sistemler ve nesnelerin interneti tabanlı yeni bir akıllı otopark sistemi: bir kavramsal tasarım

Abstract

Araç sayısındaki artış kent merkezlerinde otopark ihtiyacını daha da ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Sorunun çözümüne yönelik çok sayıda çalışma yürütülmekte ve birçok yeni otopark inşa edilmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte akıllı sistemlerde mevcut otoparkların kapasitesinin arttırılmasında etkin şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Gerek yeni otoparkların hizmete alınması gerekse mevcut otoparkların teknolojik imkanlarla donatılması ne yazık ki sorunu tamamen çözememektedir. Bu durum toplu taşımanın bireysel araçlar yerine etkin şekilde kullanılması gerçeğini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Diğer yandan, kısmi bir çözüm olarak insanların otopark kullanım sürelerini azaltmalarını sağlamak düşüncesi de yadsınamaz bir gerçek olarak görülmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada bu düşünceyi hayata geçirebilecek yeni bir akıllı otopark sistemi ve bu sistem ile entegre çalışan “Tek Araç Parkını Paylaşalım-TAPP” isimli yeni bir mobil uygulama kavramsal olarak geliştirilmiştir. Bu yeni akıllı otopark işletim ve yönetim sisteminde kullanım süresi kullanıcı tarafından belirtilmek zorundadır. Kullanım süresini belirten kullanıcılar süreye riayet ettiklerinde ücret olarak ödüllendirilirken, süreye uymadıklarında fazla ücret ödeme ve otopark kullanım kısıtlaması ile karşı karşıya bırakılmaktadır. Sistem ile otopark kapasitesi anlık olarak planlanarak etkin bir işletim performansı sağlanabilecektir. Önerilen sistem üzerinde etkili faktörler SWOT (Güçlü yönler-Zayıf yönler-Fırsatlar-Tehditler) analizi ile belirlenerek her bir faktörün AHP (Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci) metodu kullanılarak ağırlıklandırılması ikili karşılaştırmalar ile elde edilmiştir. Uygulanan A’WOT analizi ile araç sayısının artmasıyla birlikte park yeri ihtiyacının artmasının önerilen sistem için önemli bir fırsat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel faktör ağırlıklarına göre tüm faktörler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, artan araç sayısına bağlı oluşan otopark ihtiyacının en önemli faktör olarak öne çıkması bu tür yenilikçi sistemlere ihtiyaç olduğunu net şekilde göstermektedir.

Keywords

Akıllı otopark sistemi, Mobil uygulama, Nesnelerin interneti, Park işletim sistemleri, Trafik sıkışıklığı

Supporting Institution

British Council

Project Number

10

Thanks

Bu çalışma, British Council destekli “i-gCar4ITS: Innovative and Green Carrier Development for Intelligent Transportation System Applications” projesi kapsamında desteklenmektedir. Yazarlar desteklerinden dolayı British Council’e ve makalenin inceleme ve değerlendirme aşamasında yapmış/yapacak oldukları katkılardan dolayı editör ve hakem/hakemlere teşekkür etmektedir.

References

• Ahmed, S., Rahman, M. S., & Rahaman, M. S. (2019). A blockchain-based architecture for integrated smart parking systems. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom workshops) (pp. 177-182). https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730772
• Alam, M., Moroni, D., Pieri, G., Tampucci, M., Gomes, M., Fonseca, J., & Leone, G. R. (2018). Real-time smart parking systems integration in distributed ITS for smart cities. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1485652
• Badhoutiya, A., & Saxena, A. (2022). SPS: A framework of smart parking system using IoT technology. In 2022 6th International Conference on Computing, Communication, Control and Automation (ICCUBEA) (pp. 1-4). https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ICCUBEA54992.2022.10011086
• Canli, H., & Toklu, S. (2021). Deep learning-based mobile application design for smart parking. IEEE Access, 9, 61171-61183. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3074887
• Chaniotakis, E., & Pel, A. J. (2015). Drivers’ parking location choice under uncertain parking availability and search times: A stated preference experiment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 82, 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.10.004
• Gallo, M., Montella, B., & D’Acierno, L. (2011). The transit network design problem with elastic demand and internalisation of external costs: An application to rail frequency optimisation. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(6), 1276-1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2011.02.008
• Golias, J., Yannis, G., & Harvatis, M. (2002). Off-street parking choice sensitivity. Transportation Planning and Technology, 25(4), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308106022000019620
• Hess, D. B. (2001). Effect of free parking on commuter mode choice: Evidence from travel diary data. Transportation Research Record, 1753(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.3141/1753-05
• Hilmani, A., Maizate, A., & Hassouni, L. (2018). Designing and managing a smart parking system using wireless sensor networks. Journal of sensor and actuator networks, 7(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7020024
• Hosseinlou, M. H., Balal, E., Massahi, A., & Ghiasi, I. (2012). Developing optimal zones for urban parking spaces by Arc GIS and AHP. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(11), 3618-3622.
• Inci, E. (2015). A review of the economics of parking. Economics of Transportation, 4(1-2), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.001
• Jambhulkar, P. D., & Thaware, S. R. (2022). Android application for smart parking system. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 4(4), 2638-2644.
• Kajanus, M., Kangas, J., & Kurttila, M. (2004). The use of value focused thinking and the A’WOT hybrid method in tourism management. Tourism management, 25(4), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00120-1
• Kangas, J., Pesonen, M., Kurttila, M., & Kajanus, M. (2001). A’WOT: integrating the AHP with SWOT analysis. In Proceedings of the sixth International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (ISAHP) (pp. 2-4).
• Kanteti, D., Srikar, D. V. S., & Ramesh, T. K. (2017). Intelligent smart parking algorithm. In 2017 International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon) (pp. 1018-1022). https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartTechCon.2017.8358524
• Klappenecker, A., Lee, H., & Welch, J. L. (2010). Finding available parking spaces made easy. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing, (pp. 49-52). https://doi.org/10.1145/1860684.1860696
• Lee, S., Kim, D., Park, S., & Lee, W. (2021). A study on the strategic decision making used in the revitalization of fishing village tourism: using A’WOT analysis. Sustainability, 13(13), 7472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137472
• Levy, N., & Benenson, I. (2015). GIS-based method for assessing city parking patterns. Journal of Transport Geography, 46, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.015
• Litman, T. (2016). Parking management: strategies, evaluation and planning (2nd ed.). Canada: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
• Loukaitou-Sideris, A., Liggett, R., & Sung, H. G. (2007). Death on the crosswalk: A study of pedestrian-automobile collisions in Los Angeles. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26(3), 338-351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X06297008
• Neha, Y., Saritha, V., Samyuktha, N., Gayathri, B., & Charith, A. (2022). Smart parking system using object detection. Proceedings of the 2nd Indian International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, (pp.148-154).
• Pandit, S. N., Akash, R., & Moharir, M. (2019). Cloud based smart parking system for smart cities. In 2019 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT) (pp. 354-359). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSIT46314.2019.8987592
• Ruili, J., Haocong, W., Han, W., O’Connell, E., & McGrath, S. (2018). Smart parking system using image processing and artificial intelligence. In 2018 12th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST) (pp. 232-235). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSensT.2018.8603590
• Runge, J. W., & Cole, T. B. (2002). Crosswalk markings and motor vehicle collisions involving older pedestrians. JAMA, 288(17), 2172-2174. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.17.2172
• Saaty, T. L. (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. Journal of mathematical psychology, 15(3), 234-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
• Safi, Q. G. K., Luo, S., Pan, L., Liu, W., Hussain, R., & Bouk, S. H. (2018). SVPS: Cloud-based smart vehicle parking system over ubiquitous VANETs. Computer Networks, 138, 18-30.
• Saharan, S., Kumar, N., & Bawa, S. (2023). DyPARK: A dynamic pricing and allocation scheme for smart on-street parking system. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2022.3230851.
• Sakurada, L., Barbosa, J., Leitão, P., Alves, G., Borges, A. P., & Botelho, P. (2019). Development of agent-based cps for smart parking systems. In 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, (IECON) (pp. 2964-2969). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926653
• Shaikh, F. I., Jadhav, P. N., Bandarkar, S. P., Kulkarni, O. P., & Shardoor, N. B. (2016). Smart parking system based on embedded system and sensor network. International Journal of Computer Applications, 140(12), 45-51.
• Shao, C., Yang, H., Zhang, Y., & Ke, J. (2016). A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 71, 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.08.010
• Shoup, D. C. (2006). Cruising for parking. Transport policy, 13(6), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.005
• Thomas, D., & Kovoor, B. C. (2018). A genetic algorithm approach to autonomous smart vehicle parking system. Procedia Computer Science, 125, 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.011
• Turki, M., Dammak, B., & Mars, R. (2022). A Private Smart parking solution based on Blockchain and AI. In 2022 15th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN) (pp. 1-7). https://doi.org/10.1109/SIN56466.2022.9970548
• Vakula, D., & Kolli, Y. K. (2017). Low-cost smart parking system for smart cities. In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) (pp. 280-284). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS1.2017.8389415
• Vera-Gómez, J. A., Quesada-Arencibia, A., García, C. R., Suárez Moreno, R., & Guerra Hernández, F. (2016). An intelligent parking management system for urban areas. Sensors, 16(6), 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060931
• Willson, R. W., & Shoup, D. C. (1990). Parking subsidies and travel choices: Assessing the evidence. Transportation, 17, 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02125333