Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Acil Kontraseptif Yöntemleri ve Kullanım Kurallarını Bilme Durumları

Yıl 2022, , 415 - 424, 30.06.2022

Özlem Can Gürkan , Eda Şimşek Şahin , Fazıl Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.888078

Öz

Acil kontraseptif yöntemler (AKY) istenmeyen gebeliklerin oluşumunun önlenmesi için bireylere “ikinci bir şans” sunması bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinin AKY kullanım kurallarıyla ilgili bilgi düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki araştırmanın evrenini Şubat 2015-Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasında Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrenciler (N=1480) oluşturdu. Araştırmanın örneklem hesabı %80 güven aralığı, α=0,05 hata payı ile hesaplandı ve araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 648 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler öz bildirime dayalı soru formuyla toplandı. Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20,4±1,4’tü ve yarısından fazlası hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisiydi. Cinsel ilişki yaşayan katılımcıların (%8,5), %47,3’ünün modern aile planlaması yöntemi kullanmakta olduğu bulundu. Korumasız cinsel ilişki sonrasında katılımcıların %20’sinin AKY kullandığı belirlendi. AKY’yi duyan ve bilgisi olan katılımcı oranı %42,3’tü. Katılımcıların AKY hakkında en önemli bilgi kaynağı sağlık çalışanları olduğu ancak buna rağmen katılımcıların önemli bir kısmının AKY’lere ilişkin eksik ve hatalı bilgiye sahip olduğu bulundu. AKY’yi bilme ve duyma durumu ile yaş, bölüm, öğrenim yılı ve cinsel ilişki yaşama durumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Katılımcıların tamamının sağlık alanında eğitim görüyor olmasına karşın hem hormonal AKY’ler hem de postkoital RİA uygulamasıyla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları belirlendi. AKY’ye ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin artırılmasına yönelik, üniversitelerde Aile Planlaması, Cinsel Sağlık gibi derslerin yaygınlaştırılması, cinsel sağlık danışmanlığı birimlerinin oluşturulması ve konu ile ilgili bilgilendirmelerin yapılması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acil kontrasepsiyon, Kontrasepsiyon, Postkoital kontrasepsiyon, İstenmeyen gebelik, Üniversite öğrencisi

Knowing Emergency Contraceptive Methods and Usage Rules of University Students

Öz

Emergency contraceptive methods (ECM) offer individuals a "second chance" to unwanted pregnancies. This research is planned to evaluate the knowledge levels of university students about ECM rules. This descriptive and cross-sectional research population consisted of students (N=1480) studied at Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences between February 2015 and April 2015. The sample calculation of the study was calculated with an 80% confidence interval and α=0.05. The research was carried out with 648 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected with a questionnaire based on self-reporting. The mean age of the participants was 20.4±1.4 years, and more than half were nursing students. Participants' rates of sexual intercourse were 8.5%, and 47.3% of these were using modern contraceptives. Only 20% used ECM after unprotected sexual intercourse. The rate of participants who heard and had knowledge of ECM was 42.3%. Although the participants' source of information was health professionals, it was found that they had incomplete and erroneous information about ECMs. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between knowing and hearing ECM, age, department, years of education, and sexual intercourse (p<0.05). Although all of the participants were educated in health, it was determined that they did not have enough information about both the hormonal ECMs and the post-coital IUD. In order to increase the level of knowledge about ECM, it is recommended to expand courses such as Family Planning and Sexual Health, establish units where sexual health counseling is given at universities, and provide information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emergency contraceptions, Contraceptions, Postcoital contraception, Unwanted pregnancy, University student

Kaynakça

• 1. Aşut, Ö, Vaizoğlu, S. ve Cali, S. (2019). “Acil kontrasepsiyon hakkında tıp öğrencilerinin bilgi ve tutumları.” Cukurova Medical Journal, 44 (2), 612–620.
• 2. Nsubuga, H, Sekandi, J.N, Sempeera, H. and Makumbi, F.E. (2016). “Contraceptive use, knowledge, attitude, perceptions and sexual behavior among female University students in Uganda: A cross- sectional survey”. BMC Women’s Health, 16 (1), 1–11.
• 3. Veloso, D.L.C, Peres, V.C, Lopes, J.D.S.O.D.C, Salge, A.K.M. and Guimarães, J.V. (2014). “Emergency contraception: knowledge and attitudes of nursing students.” Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem, 35, 33-39.
• 4. Sorhaindo A, Becker, D, Fletcher H. and Garcia, S.G. (2002). “Emergency contraception among university students in Kingston, Jamaica: A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices.” Contraception, 66(4), 261–268.
• 5. World Health Organization. (2020). “Adolescent health in the South-East Asia Region.” https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/adolescent-health.(Erişim tarihi 22.05.2020).
• 6. World Health Organization. (2020). “Adolescent pregnancy.” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy.(Erişim tarihi:28.05.2020).
• 7. Osei-Tutu, E.M. (2019). “Male Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge of and Attitude Towards Emergency Contraceptives.” African Sociological Review, 23 (2), 125–145.
• 8. Kaya, F, Serin, Ö. ve Genç, A. (2007). “Eğitim Fakültesi Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Cinsel Yaşamlarına İlişkin Yaklaşımlarının Belirlenmesi.” TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, 6 (6), 441– 448.
• 9. Ejembi, C. and Otu, A. (2005). “Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and reproductive health outcomes among Nigerian university students.” In Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care. 16 (2) https://doi.org/10.4314/jcmphc.v16i2.32407
• 10. Mogilevkina, I, Tydén, T. and Odlind, V. (2001). “Ukrainian medical students’ experiences, attitudes, and knowledge about reproductive health.” Journal of the American College Health Association, 49 (6), 269–272.
• 11. Kitapçıoğlu, G, Yanıkkerem, E, Sevil Ü. ve Yüksel D. (2008). “Gebelerde Doğum ve Postpartum Döneme İlişkin Endişeler; Bir Ölçek Geliştirme ve Validasyon Çalışması” Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (1) 47–54.
• 12. Giray, H. ve Kılıç, B. (2004). “Bekar Kadınlar ve Üreme Sağlığı.” Sted, 13 (8), 286–289.
• 13. World Health Organization. (2015). “Health worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception”.https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/unsafe_abortion/abortion-task-shifting/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2020).
• 14. World Health Organization, WHO (2019). “Preventing unsafe abortion.” https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/preventing-unsafe-abortion. (Erişim tarihi 28.05.2020).
• 15. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. (2019). “2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı ve TÜBİTAK”. Ankara. Türkiye.
• 16. World Health Organization. (2018). “Emergency contraception.” https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception. (Erişim tarihi 27.05.2020).
• 17. Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. (2018). “Fact Sheet: Emergency Contraception.” http://files.kff.org/attachment/emergency-contraception-fact-sheet. (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2020).
• 18. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017). “Committee Opinion No 707: Access to Emergency Contraception.” Obstetrics & Gynecology: 130 (1) 48-52.
• 19. Ellertson, C. (1996). “History and Efficacy of Emergency Contraception: Beyond Coca-Cola.” Family Planning Perspectives, 28 (2), 1-5. https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/psrh/1996/03/history-and-efficacy-emergency-contraception-beyond-coca-cola
• 20. Von-Hertzen, B.H. and Van-Look, P.F. (1993). “Research on New Methods of Emergency Contraception.” Family Planning Perspectives. 28 (2), 52–88.
• 21. Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014). “Fact Sheet: Sexual Health of Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.” https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/sexual-health- of-adolescents-and-young-adults-in-the-united-states/. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2020).
• 22. Leelakanok, N. ve Methaneethorn, J. (2020). “Levonorgestrel Acil Oral Kontraseptifin Yan Etkilerinin Sistematik Bir İncelemesi ve Meta-analizi.” Clin Drug Investig 40, 395–420 https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40261-020-00901-x.
• 23. National Health System. (2021). “Emergency contraception (morning after pill, IUD).” https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/emergency-contraception/ (Erişim tarihi: 14.02.2021).
• 24. Downing, A. (2014). “University Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Emergency Contraception Pills.” Journal of Community Health Nursing. 31 (2), 75–89.
• 25. Hudson J, Nguku S.M, Sleiman J, Karlen W, Dumont G.A, Petersen C.L, Warriner C.B. and Ansermino J.M. (2012). “Knowledge and Attitudes of Emergency Contraceptive.” 957–967.
• 26. Tajure, N. (2010). “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Graduating Female Students of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia.” Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 20 (2).
• 27. Corbett, P.O, Mitchell, C.P, Taylor, J.S. and Kemppainen J. (2006). “Emergency contraception: Knowledge and perceptions in a university population.” Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18 (4), 161-168.
• 28. Tripathi R, Rathore, A.M, and Sachdeva, J. (2003). “Emergency contraception: Knowledge, attitude, and practices among health care providers in North India.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 29 (3), 142–146.
• 29. Sahin, N.H. (2008). “Male university students’ views, attitudes and behaviors towards family planning and emergency contraception in Turkey.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 34 (3), 392–398.
• 30. Byamugisha, J.K, Mirembe, F.M, Faxelid, E. and Gemzell-Danielsson, K. (2006). “Emergency contraception and fertility awareness among university students in Kampala, Uganda.” African Health Sciences, 6 (4), 194–200.
• 31. Golbasi, Z, Erenel, A.S. and Tugut, N. (2012). “Knowledge and opinions of Turkish university students about contraceptive methods and emergency contraception.” Sexuality and Disability, 30 (1), 77–87. 32. Hoque, M.E. and Ghuman, S. (2012). “Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes of Emergency Contraception among Female University Students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” PLoS ONE, 7 (9), 1–7.
• 33. Damiri, B, Sandouka, H.N, Janini, E.H. and Yaish, O.N. (2020). “Prevalence and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among university students in the West Bank, Palestine.” Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 27 (2), 173–182.
• 34. Jao, N.C, Robinson, L.D, Kelly, P.J, Ciecierski C.C. and Hitsman, B. (2019). “Unhealthy behavior clustering and mental health status in United States college students. Journal of American College Health, 67 (8), 790–800.
• 35. Vakilian, K, Keramat, A, Mousav, S.A. and Chaman, R. (2019). "Experience Assessment of Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, and Substance Use Among Shahroud University Students by Crosswise Model Estimation –The Alarm to Families." The Open Public Health Journal, 12 (1), 33–37.
• 36. Vatansev, H. Kutlu, R, Gülerarslan Özdengül, A, Demırbas, N, Taşer, S. and Yılmaz, F. (2019). "Medicine and Communication Faculty Students of Tobacco and Tobacco Products Usage Differences." Ankara Medical Journal, 19 (2), 1-10.
• 37. Kongnyuy, E.J, Ngassa P, Fomulu, N, Wiysonge, C.S, Kouam, L. and Doh, A.S. (2007). “A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practice of emergency contraception among university students in Cameroon.” BMC Emergency Medicine, 7, 1–7.
• 38. Celik, M, Ekerbicer, H.C, Ergun, U.G. and Tekin, N. (2007). “Emergency contraception: Knowledge and attitudes of Turkish nursing and midwifery students.” European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 12 (1), 63–69.
• 39. Kistnasamy, E.J, Reddy, P. and Jordaan, J. (2009). “An evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practices of South African university students regarding the use of emergency contraception and of art as an advocacy tool.” South African Family Practice, 51 (5), 423–426.
• 40. Dejene, T, Tsion, A. and Belachew, T. (2010). “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptives Among Adama University Female Students.” Ethiop J Health Sci, 20 (3), 195-202.