Obez Astımlı Çocuklarda Akdeniz Diyeti Uyumu, Solunum Fonksiyonları ve Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 896 - 908, 25.09.2025

Şenay Çatak , Nilüfer Acar Tek

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1666010

Abstract

Bu çalışma obez astımlı çocuklarda Akdeniz diyeti uyumu, solunum fonksiyonları ve beslenme durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Bu çalışma; Temmuz-Eylül 2024 tarihinde Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Hastanesi Çocuk Alerji ve İmmünoloji Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 6-15 yaş aralığındaki toplam 55 obez ve astımlı çocukla yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik özellikler, sağlık bilgileri, beslenme alışkanlıklarını içeren bir anket formu uygulanmış ve bunun yanı sıra 3 günlük besin tüketim kayıtları alınmıştır. Katılımcılara Akdeniz Diyeti Kalite İndeksi (KIDMED) uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçüleri ve vücut bileşimi analizi yapılmış ve spirometre cihazıyla solunum fonksiyon testleri ölçülmüştür.
Çocukların yaş ortalaması 10,03±0,25 yıl, KIDMED puanı 7,02±2,79 olup orta düzeyde Akdeniz diyeti uyumu saptanmıştır. Erkeklerde düşük uyum, olumsuz vücut bileşimi ile ilişkili bulunurken (p<0,05), kızlarda anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Enerji ve besin ögeleri alımı, diyet antioksidan kapasitesi, ORAC değerleri ile KIDMED puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır. Doymuş yağ asidi ve kolesterol alımı FVC ile negatif, FEV1 ve E vitamini ile pozitif, FEV1/FVC oranı ise posa, E vitamini, fosfor, demir ve çinko alımı ile pozitif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Akdeniz diyeti gibi sağlıklı bir beslenme modelinin benimsenmesi hem vücut ağırlığının kontrolünde hem de astımın kontrolünde fayda sağlayabilir. Bu konuda yapılmış daha büyük örneklemli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

astım , akdeniz diyeti , obezite

Evaluation of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Respiratory Functions and Nutritional Status in Obese Asthmatic Children

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate Mediterranean diet adherence, respiratory functions, and nutritional status in obese children with asthma.
This study was conducted between July and September 2024 at Aydın Adnan Menderes University Hospital, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic. A total of 55 obese children aged 6-15 years with asthma who agreed to participate were included. A questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, health information, and dietary habits was administered. Additionally, three-day food consumption records were collected. The KIDMED index was applied to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and spirometry tests for respiratory function were performed.
The mean age of the children was 10.03±0.25 years. The mean KIDMED score was 7.02±2.79, indicating moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among boys, lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a more adverse body composition (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in girls (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed between energy and nutrient intake, dietary antioxidant capacity, ORAC values, and KIDMED scores. A negative correlation was found between saturated fat and cholesterol intake and FVC, while a positive correlation was observed between FEV1 and vitamin E intake. Additionally, FEV1/FVC ratio showed a positive correlation with dietary fiber, insoluble fiber, vitamin E, phosphorus, iron, and zinc intake (p<0.05).
Adopting a healthy dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean diet may benefit both weight management and asthma control. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords

asthma , mediterranean diet , obesity

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