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Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisi: Kavram ve Literatür Odaklı Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 37, 39 - 83, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.905751

Abstract

Bu makale, Türkiye’de yeterince iyi tanınmayan, ancak Batılı Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) yazınında uzunca bir süredir çalışılan “Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisini” (OGT), çeşitli kavramsal ve pratik tartışmalarla, tanımlayıcı yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Giddens’ın “insanın öz-kimliğinin sürekliliğine ve çevresindeki sosyal ve maddi eylem ortamlarının tutarlılığına duyduğu güven” olarak açıkladığı ontolojik güvenlik; insanlar kadar, toplumların ve devletlerin de yaşamlarındaki rutinler, sosyal etkileşimler ve istikrarla bağlantılıdır. Bu noktada çok sayıda iç ve dış politika eyleminin arka planında ontolojik güvenlik ya da güvensizlik olgusunun yattığı görülmekte; tekrarlayan çatışmalar ve irrasyonel devlet davranışları bu kavram üzerinden sosyo-psikolojik bir altyapı ile incelenebilmektedir. Bu araştırma hem kavrama dair tanımları derinlemesine ele almakta, hem de konuyla ilgili çeşitli vaka analizlerini geniş bir literatür taramasıyla ortaya koymaktadır. Amaç, Türkiye’de Uİ alanında gelecekte yapılacak güvenlik ve dış politika çalışmalarının, bu tartışmalar eşliğinde analitik bir zenginlik kazanmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Öz-kimlik/benlik ve güvenlik ilişkisine dair bulguları ve disiplinlerarası yapısı sayesinde, ontolojik güvenlik yaklaşımı böyle bir potansiyele fazlasıyla sahiptir.

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Ontological Security Theory in the Discipline of International Relations: A Concept- and Literature-Based Review

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 37, 39 - 83, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.905751

Abstract

Together with various conceptual and practical discussions, this article descriptively examines the ‘Ontological Security Theory’ (OST), which is not well known enough in Turkey, but has long been studied in the Western International Relations (IR) literature. Ontological security, which is defined by Giddens as the “confidence human beings have in the continuity of their self-identity and in the constancy of the surrounding social and material environments of action”, is linked to the routines, social interactions and stability in the lives of the societies and the states, similar to the individuals. At this point, it is seen that behind many domestic and foreign policy actions, there lies the phenomenon of ontological security or insecurity; and a significant amount of the discussions on the protracted conflicts and the irrational state behaviors can be analysed by means of socio-psychological base via this concept. This research both addresses the definitions of the concept in a deeply manner and presents various case studies related to the issue through a wide literature review. The aim is to contribute to the analytical enrichment of the future IR studies in Turkey on security and foreign policy, through these discussions. Thanks to its interdisciplinary structure and findings on the relationship between self-identity/the self and security, the ontological security approach exceedingly holds such a potential.

References

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  • DARWICH, May, Threats and Alliances in the Middle East: Saudi and Syrian Policies in a Turbulent Region, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2019.
  • DÜZGÜN, Aslı Nur, “Turkish Foreign Policy towards Israel (2008-2019): Routines, Identity and Ontological Security”, Zülfükar Aytaç Kişman (ed.), Turkey in International Arena: Political and Economic Relations, Editura Universităţii “Aurel Vlaicu”, Arad, 2019, 13-46.
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  • GIDDENS, A., Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2006.
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  • GOFFMAN, E., Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behaviour, Anchor Books, 1967.
  • GOFFMAN, E., Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction, Penguin University Books, 1972.
  • HEIDEGGER, Martin, Being & Time, (Çev. J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson), Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1962.
  • HUSSERL, Edmund, Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy, Harper & Row, New York, 1965.
  • KIERKEGAARD, Soren, Kaygı Kavramı, (çev. Türker Armaner), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul, 2013.
  • KINNVALL, Catarina, “Globalization, Identity, and the Search for Chosen Traumas”, Kenneth Hoover, (ed.), The Future of Identity: Centennial Reflections on the Legacy of Erik Erikson, Lexington Books, Oxford, 2004, 111-136.
  • KINNVALL, C., Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security, Routledge, New York, 2006.
  • KINNVALL, C., “Fear, Insecurity and the (Re)Emergence of the Far Right in Europe”, Paul Nesbitt-Larking, C. Kinnvall, Tereza Capelos ve Henk Dekker, (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Global Political Psychology, Palgrave Macmillan, England, 2014, 316-335.
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  • MCSWEENEY, Bill, Security, Identity and Interests: A Sociology of International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999.
  • RUMELİLİ, Bahar, Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security, Routledge, New York, 2015.
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  • RICHARDS, Barry, “Extreme Nationalism and the Hatred of the Liberal State”, Nicolas Demertzis (ed.), Emotions in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension, Palgrave Macmillan, England, 124-142.
  • SCHUTZ, Alfred, The Phenomenology of the Social World, Northwestern University Press, London, 1967.
  • STEELE, Brent J., Ontological Security in International Relations: Self-Identity and the IR State, Routledge, New York, 2008.
  • STEELE, B. J. ve Innes, Alexandria J. “Memory, Trauma and Ontological Security”, Erica Resende ve Dovile Budryte, (ed.), Memory and Trauma in International Relations: Theories, Cases and Debates, Routledge, New York, 2014, 15-29.
  • ŞİRAZİ, Hafız, Şark İslam Klasikleri Hafız Divanı, (çev. Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı), MEB Yayınları, İstanbul, 1992.
  • THUCYDIDES, The War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, (der. ve çev. Jeremy Mynott), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2013.
  • ADLER NIESSEN, Rebecca, “Stigma Management in International Relations: Transgressive Identities, Norms, and Order in International Society”, International Organization, 2014, Cilt: 68, No: 1, 143-176.
  • BİLGİN, Pınar ve İnce, Başak, “Security and Citizenship in the Global South: In/securing Citizens in Early Republican Turkey (1923–1946)”, International Relations, 2015, Cilt: 29, No: 4, 500-520.
  • GUSTAFSSON, Karl ve Krickel-Choi, Nina C, "Returning to the roots of ontological security: insights from the existentialist anxiety literature", European Journal of International Relations, 2020.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Helim Sarı Ertem This is me 0000-0003-0008-9781

Aslı Nur Düzgün This is me 0000-0001-7473-7169

Publication Date March 30, 2021
Submission Date April 4, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 37

Cite

Chicago Sarı Ertem, Helim, and Aslı Nur Düzgün. “Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisi: Kavram Ve Literatür Odaklı Bir İnceleme”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 17, no. 37 (March 2021): 39-83. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.905751.