Doğu Cephesinde Yeni Bir Şey Yok: Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı Sonrası Avrupa’da Savaş Hazırlıkları

Year 2023, “New” Wars and “New” Militaries, 191 - 219, 24.11.2023

Cemil Sağlam

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1365782

Abstract

Bu makalede bazı Avrupa ülkelerinin artan güvenlik tehditleri sonrası toplumlarını olası bir savaş ve krize nasıl hazırladığı sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Modern dönemle birlikte savaşların cephe gerisini de etkiler hale gelmesiyle siviller de savaşın birer parçası haline geldi. Buna mukabil devletler insanlarını savaşın yıkıcı etkileri karşısında hazırlıklı kılmak için çeşitli uygulamalar geliştirmiştir. Soğuk Savaş yıllarında birçok ülkede Topyekûn savunma adıyla yürütülen faaliyetler de bu anlayışın bir ürünüdür. Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasının ardından birçok ülkede rafa kaldırılan uygulamalar 2014 sonrasında ve özellikle Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’yla birlikte Avrupa toplumlarının savaş ve kriz karşısındaki hazırlıklarıyla tekrar gündeme getirmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan hazırlıkların devrimsel yenilikler taşımadığı iddiasından hareketle ülkelerin tehdit algısı, tarihsel hafıza ve geçmiş topyekûn savunma tecrübelerinin güncel uygulamaları şekillendirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Makalenin son kısımda ise Türk toplumunun savaş ve krizler karşısındaki toplumsal hazırlığının kısa bir tarihçesi verilerek topyekûn savunma konsepti açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Topyekûn Savunma, Sivil Savunma, Soğuk Savaş, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Ordu ve Toplum

All Quiet on the Eastern Front: European Societies after the Russia-Ukraine War

Abstract

This article seeks to answer the question of how some European countries prepare their societies for possible wars and crises in the wake of increasing security threats. In the modern era, civilians have also become a part of the war, since the wars have started to affect those behind the frontlines. In response to this, states developed various practices to prepare their people for the devastating effects of war. The activities carried out under the name of Total Defence in many countries during the Cold War years were a product of this understanding and preparations. The applications that were shelved in many countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union have been brought back to the agenda after 2014 especially with the Russian-Ukrainian War and with the preparations of European societies against war and crisis. Based on the claim that these preparations do not carry revolutionary innovations, this study concludes that the threat perception, historical memory, and past collective defence experiences of the countries shape the current practices. The last part of the article evaluates a brief history of the social preparedness of Turkish society in war and crises in terms of the concept of total defence.

Keywords

Total Defence, Civil Defence, Cold War, Russia-Ukraine War, Armed Forces and Society

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