Bir Siber Uzay Hâkimiyet Teorisi Mümkün mü? Çin’in Siber Egemenlik Yaklaşımı Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2024, Issue: War and International System, 131 - 149, 30.12.2024

Aybala Lale Kahraman

Abstract

Günümüzün hızla dijitalleşen dünyasında siber güvenlik, ülkelerin altyapılarının yanı sıra bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin de korunmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çerçevede siber egemenlik, devletlerin dijital altyapıları üzerindeki kontrol ve otoritesini ortaya koyan bir yaklaşım olarak bazı ülkeler tarafından siber güvenlik ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Çin'deki siber güvenlik politikalarını ve siber egemenlik anlayışını derinlemesine analiz etmektedir. Bunu yaparken, siber uzayda hakimiyeti teorileştirme olasılığı tartışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı, siber güvenlik ve siber egemenlik kavramlarının teorik boyutlarının incelenmesi ve Çin’in siber güvenlik politikaları ve siber egemenlik yaklaşımının analiz edilmesidir. Siber uzayın uluslararası ilişkilerde yeni bir hâkimiyet alanını temsil ettiği düşünülmektedir. Siber egemenliğin uluslararası hukuk kapsamında mümkün olup olmadığına dair kesin bir cevap vermek yerine, siber egemenliğin uluslararası güç mücadelelerinde nasıl bir rol oynayabileceğine ve siber güvenlik politikalarını nasıl şekillendirebileceğine odaklanılmalıdır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın metodolojisi, siber güvenliğe kısa bir girişin ardından siber uzay hâkimiyetinin mümkün olup olmadığı araştırma sorusunun ve siber egemenlik kavramının analizinden oluşmaktadır. Teorik çerçeve kapsamında ilgili kavramlara ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmış, Çin’in siber güvenlik politikaları ve siber egemenlik yaklaşımı vaka çalışması olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma boyunca ele alınan belge, kaynak ve veriler, Çin’in siber egemenlik anlayışını ve bu anlayışın uluslararası platformlarda nasıl şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Çin, siber egemenliği uluslararası sistemde küresel bir güç olmanın anahtarı olarak görüyorsa, siber güvenliğin yanı sıra asker, siyasi, ekonomik faktörler dâhil olmak üzere tüm faktörleri entegre etmelidir.

Keywords

Siber Uzay, Siber Güvenlik, Siber Egemenlik, Siber Uzay Hâkimiyet Teorisi, Çin Siber Egemenliği

Is a Theory of Cyberspace Dominance Possible? An Assessment from the Perspective of China’s Cyber Sovereignty Approach

Abstract

In today’s rapidly digitalizing world, cybersecurity requires the protection of information and communication technologies as well as the infrastructure of countries. In this framework, some countries consider cyber sovereignty to be connected with cybersecurity as an approach that discloses the control and authority of states over their digital infrastructures. This study analyzes the cybersecurity policies and understanding of cyber sovereignty in China. In doing so, the possibility of theorizing dominance in cyberspace is discussed. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to examine the theoretical dimensions of cybersecurity and cyber sovereignty concepts and to analyze China’s cybersecurity policies and cyber sovereignty approach. Cyberspace represents a new field of dominance in international relations. Rather than providing a definitive answer to whether cyber sovereignty is possible under international law, the focus should be on how cyber sovereignty can play a role in international power struggles and shape cybersecurity policies. In this context, the study’s methodology consists of a brief introduction to cybersecurity, followed by an analysis of the research question of whether cyberspace dominance is possible and the concept of cyber sovereignty. Within the scope of the theoretical framework, a literature review of the relevant concepts was conducted, and China’s cybersecurity policies and cyber sovereignty approach were analyzed as a case study. The documents, sources, and data discussed throughout the study demonstrate China’s understanding of cyber sovereignty and how it is shaped on international platforms. The study concludes that if China sees cyberspace sovereignty as the key to becoming a global power in the international system, it must integrate all factors, including military, political, and economic factors, besides cybersecurity.

Keywords

Cyberspace, Cybersecurity, Cyber Sovereignty, Cyberspace Dominance Theory, Chinese Cyber Sovereignty

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