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Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 38, 01.06.2017

Abstract

Tarihsel süreçte, deniz haydutluğu farklı görünümlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. İlk aşamada, genellikle kendilerine ait gemilerle diğer gemilere saldıran deniz haydutları mürettebatı öldürerek gemilere ve gemideki mallara el koymuşlardır. Daha sonra deniz haydutları açık bir şekilde bir devletin tabiiyetine girerek savaşlarda düşman devletlere karşı savaşmışlar; barış zamanında ise düşman devlet gemilerine karşı deniz haydutluğu faaliyetlerini sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu şekilde, devletlerden aldıkları “izin belgeleri” ile faaliyet gösteren deniz haydutlarına “korsan” denilmiştir. Son aşamada ise, 1815 yılında kabul edilen Paris Beyannamesi ile deniz haydutlarının devletler tarafından savaşlarda kullanılması yasaklanmış. Bu tarihten itibaren devletler, deniz haydutlarını savaşlarda kullanmaktan vazgeçmişler; günümüz anlamındaki deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri ise varlığını sürdürmüştür. Uluslararası ticaretin yaklaşık %90’lık bölümü denizler üzerinden gerçekleştirilmektedir2. Özellikle deniz ulaşımının temel güzergâhlarından birisi olan Aden Körfezi, ticari gemi trafiğinin yaklaşık %20’sini karşılamaktadır. 1990’lı yılların başında başlayıp, 2000’li yıllarda yoğunlaşan Somali açıklarındaki deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri, en çok Aden Körfezi’nden geçen gemileri ve bu bölgede gerçekleşen deniz ticaretini etkilemiştir. Bu güzergâhlardan geçen ticaret gemilerine ve Somali’ye insani yardım taşıyan yardım gemilerine saldıran ve ele geçirdikleri gemilerdeki mürettebatı ve yolcuları rehin alan Somalili deniz haydutları, gemi sahiplerinden ve devletlerden mürettebatın ve geminin serbest bırakılması karşılığında yüksek miktarda fidye istemeye başlamışlardır. Bu durum uluslararası toplumu bu konuda tedbir almaya itmiştir.

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The Piracy in International Law and Combating Piracy Off Coast Somalia

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 38, 01.06.2017

Abstract

The Piracy in International Law and Combating Piracy Off Coast SomaliaT hroughout the history, the piracy has emerged in different shapes. In the first stage of the history, pirates generally had been attacking with own ships to another ships and confiscating goods at ship after killing all crews. Then the pirates war against the enemy states by the means of entering nationality of a state; in peace time they continued their piracy activities against the enemy states’ ships. In this way, the persons who operates by the letter of marque was called as privateer. In the last stage, with the Paris Declaration in 1815, using pirates in war by the state have been prohibited pirates. From this date, the states have abondoned using piracy in war; but the contemporary meaning of the piracy activities have existed.Around 90 per cent part of world trade is carried by sea. In particular, the Gulf of Aden, one of the main routes of maritime transportation, covers approximately 20 per cent of commercial ship traffic. Starting in the early 1990s and intensifying in the 2000s the piracy activities off the coast of Somalia, most affected the passing ships and maritime trade in the region. The Somalian pirates who attack passing throughout this route commercial ships and carrying the humanitarian aids to Somalia ships, has begun to take hostage the crew and passengers and ask for in high amounts of ransom in exchange for release of the crew and ships from ship owners and states. This has urged the internaI. GİRİŞDeniz haydutluğu suçunun ortaya çıkışı insanların denizlerde faaliyet göstermeye başladığı ilk zamanlara kadar dayanmaktadır. İnsanların ticaret alanlarını deniz yolu ulaşımıyla genişletmesi, denizlerde soygun ve yağma faaliyetlerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Bir gemiden diğer gemiye yönelik gerçekleştirilen bu yağma fiillerine genel anlamda deniz haydutluğu denilmiş; devletler bu faaliyetlere karşı bazen mücadele etmiş; bazen de bu faaliyetleri kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda kullanmışlardır. Devletlerin aktif bir şekilde mücadele sürdürdüğü zamanlarda deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri oldukça azalmış; bu mücadelenin seviyesi azaldığı zamanlarda ise bu faaliyetlerde artış yaşanmıştır. Devletler her ne kadar deniz haydutları ile sürekli bir mücadele içerisinde olsalar da gerektiğinde deniz haydutlarını kontrolleri altına almayı ve çıkarları için kullanmayı başarmışlardır.tional community to take measures in this regard. In particular, the UN Security Council has taken the decision to initiate fight against Somalian pirates. With these decisions, the combatting piracy has become a common problem for the entire world

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There are 102 citations in total.

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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tacettin Çalık

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çalık, T. (2017). Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 1-38.
AMA Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. June 2017;7(1):1-38.
Chicago Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 1 (June 2017): 1-38.
EndNote Çalık T (June 1, 2017) Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7 1 1–38.
IEEE T. Çalık, “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele”, HHFD, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–38, 2017.
ISNAD Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (June 2017), 1-38.
JAMA Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. 2017;7:1–38.
MLA Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-38.
Vancouver Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. 2017;7(1):1-38.