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Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 38, 01.06.2017

Öz

Tarihsel süreçte, deniz haydutluğu farklı görünümlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. İlk aşamada, genellikle kendilerine ait gemilerle diğer gemilere saldıran deniz haydutları mürettebatı öldürerek gemilere ve gemideki mallara el koymuşlardır. Daha sonra deniz haydutları açık bir şekilde bir devletin tabiiyetine girerek savaşlarda düşman devletlere karşı savaşmışlar; barış zamanında ise düşman devlet gemilerine karşı deniz haydutluğu faaliyetlerini sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu şekilde, devletlerden aldıkları “izin belgeleri” ile faaliyet gösteren deniz haydutlarına “korsan” denilmiştir. Son aşamada ise, 1815 yılında kabul edilen Paris Beyannamesi ile deniz haydutlarının devletler tarafından savaşlarda kullanılması yasaklanmış. Bu tarihten itibaren devletler, deniz haydutlarını savaşlarda kullanmaktan vazgeçmişler; günümüz anlamındaki deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri ise varlığını sürdürmüştür. Uluslararası ticaretin yaklaşık %90’lık bölümü denizler üzerinden gerçekleştirilmektedir2. Özellikle deniz ulaşımının temel güzergâhlarından birisi olan Aden Körfezi, ticari gemi trafiğinin yaklaşık %20’sini karşılamaktadır. 1990’lı yılların başında başlayıp, 2000’li yıllarda yoğunlaşan Somali açıklarındaki deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri, en çok Aden Körfezi’nden geçen gemileri ve bu bölgede gerçekleşen deniz ticaretini etkilemiştir. Bu güzergâhlardan geçen ticaret gemilerine ve Somali’ye insani yardım taşıyan yardım gemilerine saldıran ve ele geçirdikleri gemilerdeki mürettebatı ve yolcuları rehin alan Somalili deniz haydutları, gemi sahiplerinden ve devletlerden mürettebatın ve geminin serbest bırakılması karşılığında yüksek miktarda fidye istemeye başlamışlardır. Bu durum uluslararası toplumu bu konuda tedbir almaya itmiştir.

Kaynakça

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The Piracy in International Law and Combating Piracy Off Coast Somalia

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 38, 01.06.2017

Öz

The Piracy in International Law and Combating Piracy Off Coast SomaliaT hroughout the history, the piracy has emerged in different shapes. In the first stage of the history, pirates generally had been attacking with own ships to another ships and confiscating goods at ship after killing all crews. Then the pirates war against the enemy states by the means of entering nationality of a state; in peace time they continued their piracy activities against the enemy states’ ships. In this way, the persons who operates by the letter of marque was called as privateer. In the last stage, with the Paris Declaration in 1815, using pirates in war by the state have been prohibited pirates. From this date, the states have abondoned using piracy in war; but the contemporary meaning of the piracy activities have existed.Around 90 per cent part of world trade is carried by sea. In particular, the Gulf of Aden, one of the main routes of maritime transportation, covers approximately 20 per cent of commercial ship traffic. Starting in the early 1990s and intensifying in the 2000s the piracy activities off the coast of Somalia, most affected the passing ships and maritime trade in the region. The Somalian pirates who attack passing throughout this route commercial ships and carrying the humanitarian aids to Somalia ships, has begun to take hostage the crew and passengers and ask for in high amounts of ransom in exchange for release of the crew and ships from ship owners and states. This has urged the internaI. GİRİŞDeniz haydutluğu suçunun ortaya çıkışı insanların denizlerde faaliyet göstermeye başladığı ilk zamanlara kadar dayanmaktadır. İnsanların ticaret alanlarını deniz yolu ulaşımıyla genişletmesi, denizlerde soygun ve yağma faaliyetlerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Bir gemiden diğer gemiye yönelik gerçekleştirilen bu yağma fiillerine genel anlamda deniz haydutluğu denilmiş; devletler bu faaliyetlere karşı bazen mücadele etmiş; bazen de bu faaliyetleri kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda kullanmışlardır. Devletlerin aktif bir şekilde mücadele sürdürdüğü zamanlarda deniz haydutluğu faaliyetleri oldukça azalmış; bu mücadelenin seviyesi azaldığı zamanlarda ise bu faaliyetlerde artış yaşanmıştır. Devletler her ne kadar deniz haydutları ile sürekli bir mücadele içerisinde olsalar da gerektiğinde deniz haydutlarını kontrolleri altına almayı ve çıkarları için kullanmayı başarmışlardır.tional community to take measures in this regard. In particular, the UN Security Council has taken the decision to initiate fight against Somalian pirates. With these decisions, the combatting piracy has become a common problem for the entire world

Kaynakça

  • AHNEFELD, Janin Viviane, “The International Fight Against Modern-Day Piracy – Are The Legal Regulations Enough?”, Small Master’s Thesis, The University of Tromso, 2011.
  • ANNONI, Alessandra, “International Action Against Piracy and Armed Robbery At Sea Off The Coast of Somalia”, The Italian Yearbook of International Law, Vol: 13, Brill Nijhoff, 2013, (s. 175-198).
  • ASARIOTIS, Regina/PREMTI, Anila/LAVELLE, Jennifer/ BENAMARA, “Hassiba, Maritime Piracy, Part II- An Overview of The International Legal Framework And of Multilateral Cooperation To Combat Piracy”, Studies in Transport Law and Policy, No. 2, New York and Geneva, 2014.
  • BANIELA, Santiago Iglesias, “Piracy At Sea: Somalia An Area of Great Concern”, The Journal Of Navigation, Vol: 63, 2010, (s. 191-206).
  • BATIR, Kerem, Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Deniz Haydutluğu ve Uluslararası Hukuk, Ankara 2011.
  • BAYILLIOĞLU, Uğur, “Somali Sahilleri ve Açıklarında İşlenen Deniz Haydutluğu Fiillerine Karşı Yürütülen Mücadelenin Hukuki Dayanakları ve Türkiye’nin Durumu”, Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:15, Sayı: 1, Yıl: 2011, (s. 125-161).
  • BENDEKOVIC, Jadranka/VULETIC, Dora, “Piracy Influence on the Shipowners and Insurance Companies”, DAAAM International Scientific Book, 2013, Chapter 42, (s. 711-718).
  • BILE, Ahmed Khalif, “Warships Alone Will Not Curb Piracy Off the Somali Coast: Lessons from Puntland, State of Somalia”, Piracy at Sea, Editors: Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr., Chie Kojima, Mark Sawyer, WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, Vol: 2, 2013, (s. 157-175).
  • BOZKURT, M. Uğur, Uluslararası Hukuk Kapsamında Deniz Haydutluğu, (Yayınlanmamış Tez), İstanbul 2011.
  • BRADFORD, Alfred S., Flying The Black Flag: A Brief History Of Piracy, 2007.
  • BURGESS, Douglas Richard, “Hostis Humai Generis: Piracy, Terrorism and A New International Law”, LLM Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2003.
  • CAMPELL, Penny, “A Modern History of The International Legal Definition of Piracy”, Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies, Editors: Bruce A. Ellerman, Andrew Forbes, David Rosenberg, 2011, (s. 19-34).
  • CANCA Hakan Selim, Devletlerin Gemilere Müdahale Yetki ve Yükümlülükleri, Ankara 2015.
  • DANIELS, Christopher L., Somali Piracy And Terrorism In The Horn of Africa, 2012.
  • Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlüğü, “Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele Tanıtım Kitapçığı”, 2013.
  • DJAMA, Abbas Daher, “The Phenomenon of Piracy Off The Coast of Somalia: Challenges And Solutions of The International Community”, United Nations – The Nippon Foundation Fellow, New York, December 2011.
  • DUA, Jatin, “Counter-Piracy Options In The Gulf of Aden”, International Development Assistance Services, Impact Paper: 8, June 2012.
  • DUTTON, Yvonne M./BELLISH, Jon, “Refusing to Negotiate: Analyzing the Legality and Practicality of a Piracy Ransom Ban”, Cornell International Law Journal, Vol: 47, Year: 2014, (s. 299-329).
  • EKLÖF Stefan, Pirates in Paradise: A Modern History of Southeast Asia’s Maritime Marauders, 2006.
  • EVİN, Bekir, “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Kavramı ve Şiddet Faktörü”, Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, Kasım 2012, 1(1), (s. 119-151).
  • GARNER, Maggie, “Piracy Prosecutions in National Courts”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol: 10, Issue: 4, 2012, (s. 797-821).
  • GEISS, Robin/PETRIG, Anna, Piracy and Armed Robbery At Sea: The Legal Framework For Counter- Piracy Operations In Somalia and The Gulf of Aden, Oxford 2011.
  • GUILFOYLE, Douglas, Shipping Interdiction and The Law of The Sea, Cambridge 2011. (Tekrar atıflarda “GUILFOYLE, Douglas, Shipping Interdiction, 2011” şeklinde kısaltılmıştır)
  • GUILFOYLE Douglas, “The Law of War and Fight Against Somali Piracy: Combatants Or Criminals?”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 11 (1), 2010. ss. 141-153
  • GÜNDÜZ, Aslan, Milletlerarası Hukuk, Temel Belgeler Örnek Kararlar, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul 2014.
  • HADDEN, Robert Lee, “The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography Of Somalian Geology, Geography And Earth Science”, Bibliography of Liberian Earth Science, 2007.
  • HANSEN, Stig Jarle, Piracy In The Greater Gulf of Aden: Myths, Misconception and Remedies, Norwegian Institute For Urban and Regional Research Report 2009:29.
  • HODGKINSON, Sandra Lynn, “The Governing International Law on Maritime Piarcy”, Prosecuting Maritime Piracy: Domestic Solutions to International Crimes, Editors: Michael P. Scharf, Michael Newton, Milena Sterio, Cambridge 2015, (s. 32-53).
  • HOLZER, Georg-Sebastian/JÜRGENLİEMK, Hubertus, “The Somali Crisis And The EU: Moving Onshore And Committing To Somalia”, The Global Governance Institute Analysis Paper 5, June 2012.
  • HURLBURT, Kaija, “The Human Cost of Somali Piracy”, Piracy at Sea, Editors: Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr., Chie Kojima, Mark Sawyer, WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, Vol: 2, 2013, (s. 289-310).
  • International Chamber of Shipping, Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy, Version: 4, Edingburgh, August 2011.
  • International Expert Group on Piracy Off The Somali Coast, Piracy Off The Somali Coast, Final Report Assessment And Recommendations, Nairobi, 21 November 2008.
  • IVANOVA, D. A., “The Value of the Historical Material the Harvard Draft Convention”, Митна справа, 2014, (s: 66-79).
  • KIOURKTSOGLOU, George/COUTROUBIS, Alec. D., “Somali Piracy: Understanding the Criminal Business Model”, Piracy at Sea, Editors: Maximo Q. Mejia Jr., Chie Kojima, Mark Sawyer, WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, Vol: 2, 2013, (s. 261-284).
  • KONSTAM, Angus, The Complete History of Piracy, Osprey Pusblishing, Oxford 2008.
  • KRASKA, James, Contemporary Maritime Piracy: International Law, Strategy, And Diplomacy At Sea, 2011.
  • LEHR, Peter/LEHMANN, Hendrick, “Somalia-Pirates’ New Paradise”, Violence At Sea: Piracy In The Age Of Global Terrorism, Editor: Peter Lehr, 2007, (s. 1-22).
  • LEONARD Adrian/COBURN Andrew/BOWMAN Gary, Political Violence Organised Crime: Piracy, Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies Working Paper Series, 2012.
  • MADEN, Tuğba Evrim, “Somali’de Bitmeyen Siyasi Kriz”, Ortadoğu Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, Rapor No: 163, Temmuz 2013.
  • MARCAL, Roland, “Somali Piracy: The Legal Context Of An International Obsession”, Humanity Journal, Vol: 2, Issue: 1, 2011, (s. 31-50).
  • MATUSITZ, Jonathan A., Terrorism And Communication, 2013.
  • MERAY, Seha L., “Bazı Türk Andlaşmalarına Göre Korsanlık Ve Deniz Haydutluğunun Yasaklanması”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 18, Sayı: 3, Yıl: 1963, (s. 105-188).
  • MURPHY, Martin N., Contemporary Piracy And Maritime Terrorism The Threat To International Security, Adelphi Paper 388, 2007.
  • NELSON, Eric Shea, “Maritime Terrorism and Piracy: Existing and Potential Threats”, Global Security Studies, Winter 2012, Vol: 3, Issue: 1.
  • Oceans Beyond Piracy, The Economic Cost of Somali Piracy, 2011.
  • Oceans Beyond Piracy, The State of Maritime Piracy Report, 2014.
  • ORMEROD, Henry, Piracy In The Ancient World: An Essay In Mediterranean History (Baltimore: John Hopkins), 1997.
  • OSEI-TUTU, Joana Ama, “The Root Causes of The Somali Piracy”, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center Occasional Paper No: 31, March 2011.
  • ÖKTEM, Emre/KURTDARCAN, Bleda R., Deniz Haydutluğu ve Korsanlık - Tarihi ve Hukuki Boyutlarıyla, 1. Baskı, İstanbul 2011.
  • ÖZKAN, Mehmet, Doğu Afrika Jeopolitiği ve Türkiye’nin Somali Politikası, SETA Yayınları, 2014.
  • ÖZKAYNAK, Süleyman/ÇEŞMECİ, Nazmi, “Sınıraşan Bir Suç Olarak Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Korsanlığın Gelişim Trendleri ve Güvenliğe Etkileri”, Örgütlü Suçlar ve Yeni Trendler, (Derleyenler: Oğuzhan Ömer Demir, Murat Sever), Ankara 2011, (s. 119-140).
  • PAIGE, Tamsin, “Piracy And Universal Jurisdiction”, Macquarie Law Journal, Vol: 12, Year: 2013, (s. 131-154).
  • PAZARCI, Hüseyin, Uluslararası Hukuk, 12. Bası, Ankara 2013.
  • PERCY, Sarah/SHORTLAND, Anja, The Business of Piracy In Somalia, Discussion Papers, Berlin, July 2010.
  • PINES, Daniel, “Maritime Piracy Changes In U.S. Law Needed To Combat This Critical National Security Concern”, Seattle University Law Review, Vol: 36, No: 1, Year: 2012, (s. 69-128).
  • PITNEY, John J./LEVIN, John-Clarke, Private Anti-Piracy Navies: How Warships For Hire Are Changing Maritime Security, 2013.
  • PRIDDY, Alice/CASEY-MASLEN, Stuart, “Counterpiracy Under International Law”, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, August 2012.
  • STERIO, Milena, “Piracy Off The Coast of Somalia: The Argument For Pirate Preecution In The National Courts Of Kenya, The Seychelles, and Mauritius”, Amsterdam Law Forum, Vol: 4, No: 2, 2012, (s. 104-123).
  • The Life & Peace Institute, Alternatives For Conflict Transformation In Somalia: A Snapshot and Analysis of Key Political Actors’ Views And Strategies, Sweden 2014.
  • TOPAL, Ahmet Hamdi, “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Mücadele Yöntemleri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 59, Sayı: 1, 2010, (s. 99-130).
  • TUERK, Helmut, “Combating Terrorism At Sea - The Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against The Safety of Maritime Navigation”, University of Miami International & Comperative Law Review, Volume: 15, Special Issue, Spring 2008, (s. 337-367).
  • TWOMEY, Mathilda, “Muddying The Waters of Maritime Piracy or Developing The Customary Law Of Piracy? Somali Piracy and Seychelles”, The New Zealand Association for Comparative Law, Yearbook 19, 2013, (s.19-54),
  • UDEARIRY, Nneoma Chigozie, “Piracy In The Gulf of Aden: An Analysis of State Response To Security Council Resolution 1918 (2010) With Particular Reference To States In The Gulf Of Aden Region”, 2011.
  • World Bank, “Pirate Trails: Tracking The Illicit Financial Flows From Pirate Activities Off The Horn of Africa”, A World Bank Study, Washington DC, 2013. İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI
  • The World Bank Regional Vice-Presidency for Africa, “The Pirates of Somalia: Ending The Threat, Rebuilding A Nation”, 2013, s. 25, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/ pirates-of-somalia-main-report-web.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 07.09.2015.
  • Anti-Piracy Weapons For Ships To Fight Pirates, http://www.marineinsight.com/marine/marine- news/headline/18-anti-piracy-weapons-for-ships-to-fight-pirates/, Erişim Tarihi, 15.11.2015.
  • Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea With Commentaries, 1956, http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/ instruments/english/commentaries/8_1_8_2_1956.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.08.2015.
  • AXE, David, “10 Things You Didn’t Know About Somali Pirates”, 2009, http://www.wsj.com/articles/ SB124060718735454125, Erişim Tarihi, 08.09.2015.
  • BELLISH, John, “Breaking News from 1932: Pirate Facilitators Must Be Physically Present on the High Seas”, http://www.ejiltalk.org/breaking-news-from-1932-pirate-facilitators-must-be- physically-present-on-the-high-seas/, Erişim Tarihi, 21.08.2015.
  • CHALK, Peter, Private Maritime Security Companies (PMSCs) and Counter-Piracy, http://www. counterpiracy.ae/upload/Briefing/Peter%20Chalk-Essay-Eng.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 15.12.2015.
  • CLAYTON, Jonathan, “Somalia’s Secret Dumps of Toxic Waste Washed Ashore By Tsunami”, http:// www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1975917.ece, Erişim Tarihi, 08.09.2015.
  • Counter-Piracy Operations, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48815.htm, Erişim Tarihi, 23.11.2015.
  • ECE, Jale Nur, “Stratejik Sularda Deniz Haydutluğu ve Korsanlık”, http://www.kaptanhaber.com/ index.php?sayfa=yazar&id=11&yazi_id=100350, Erişim Tarihi, 14.08.2015.
  • EROL, Soner, “Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme: Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Deniz Korsanlığı-16. ve 17. Yüzyıllar Akdeniz Örneği”, https://www.academia.edu/6792134/Deniz_ Haydutlu%C4%9Fu_ve_Korsanl%C4%B1k, Erişim Tarihi, 12.04.2015.
  • GEBAUER, Matthias, “EU To Target Pirates Up to Two Kilometers Inland”, 2012, http://www.spiegel. de/international/world/eu-agrees-to-expand-anti-piracy-mission-to-include-air-strikes-a-824030. html, Erişim Tarihi, 23.11.2015.
  • http://combinedmaritimeforces.com/ctf-151-counter-piracy/, Erişim Tarihi, 24.11.2015.
  • http://eunavfor.eu/mission/, Erişim Tarihi, 24.11.2015.
  • http://foreignpolicy.com/2010/06/15/saving-failed-states/, Erişim Tarihi, 05.09.2015.
  • http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014-Annual-IMB-Piracy-Report- ABRIDGED.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.11.2015.
  • http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=41687, Erişim Tarihi, 24.11.2015.
  • Introduction To Private Maritime Security Companies (PMSCs), http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/ sites/default/files/pmsc_map_final_6.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 15.12.2015.
  • Laws And Guns, http://www.economist.com/node/21552553, Erişim Tarihi, 15.12.2015.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Operation Ocean Shield”, Fact Sheet November 2014, http:// www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_topics/141202a-Factsheet-OceanShield-en.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 24.11.2015.
  • PHILIPS, Leigh, “The European Roots of Somali Piracy”, 2009, https://euobserver.com/social/27966, Erişim Tarihi, 08.09.2015.
  • The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, https://lapa.princeton.edu/hosteddocs/unive_ jur.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 12.04.2015.
  • ZIMMERMAN, Katherine, Somalia Conflict Maps: Islamist and Political, http://www.criticalthreats. org/somalia/somalia-conflict-maps-islamist-and-political, Erişim Tarihi, 05.09.2015.
  • ÖNEMLİ KARARLAR VE SÖZLEŞMELER
  • Geneva Conventions on The Law of The Sea, http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/gclos/gclos_ph_e. pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.08.2015.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, 1982, http://www.unicankara.org.tr/doc_pdf/ denizhukuku.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.08.2015.
  • Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/ SUA-Treaties.aspx, Erişim Tarihi, 31.08.2015.
  • Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988, http://www.un.org/en/sc/ctc/docs/conventions/Conv8.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 28.08.2015.
  • Convention on the High Seas, 1958, http://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/8_1_1958_high_seas.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.08.2015.
  • Council Joint Action 2008/851/CFSP, 10 November 2008, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:301:0033:0037:EN:PDF, Erişim Tarihi, 24.11.2015.
  • Denizde Seyir Güvenliğine Karşı Yasadışı Eylemlerin Önlenmesine Dair Sözleşme, 1988, https:// www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc074/ kanuntbmmc07403662.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 28.08.2015.
  • IMO Resolution A.1002(25), 2007, http://www.vta.ee/public/1002.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 21.11.2015.
  • IMO Resolution A.1025(26), 2009, http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Security/PiracyArmedRobbery/ Guidance/Documents/A.1025.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 15.08.2015.
  • S/RES/1816 (2008), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Somalia%20S%20RES%201816.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 20.11.2015.
  • S/RES/1838 (2008), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/SOMALIA%20S%20RES%201838.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 21.11.2015.
  • S/RES/1846 (2008), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Somalia%20S%20RES%201846.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 21.11.2015.
  • S/RES/1851 (2008), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Somalia%20S%20RES%201851.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 21.11.2015.
  • Terörizmin Önlenmesine Dair Avrupa Sözleşmesi, http://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/contents/ files/939a10—Terorizmin-Onlenmesine-Dair-Avrupa-Sozlesmesi.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 19.08.2015.
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_ agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 22.08.2015.
Toplam 102 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tacettin Çalık

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalık, T. (2017). Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 1-38.
AMA Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. Haziran 2017;7(1):1-38.
Chicago Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2017): 1-38.
EndNote Çalık T (01 Haziran 2017) Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7 1 1–38.
IEEE T. Çalık, “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele”, HHFD, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 1–38, 2017.
ISNAD Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (Haziran 2017), 1-38.
JAMA Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. 2017;7:1–38.
MLA Çalık, Tacettin. “Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu Ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu Ile Mücadele”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 1-38.
Vancouver Çalık T. Uluslararası Hukukta Deniz Haydutluğu ve Somali Açıklarındaki Deniz Haydutluğu ile Mücadele. HHFD. 2017;7(1):1-38.