KURUMSAL KALİTE, EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLER VE GELİR DAĞILIMI İLİŞKİSİ: MINT ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 17, 90 - 107, 30.04.2018

Nuran Öztürk Ofluoğlu Seyfettin Artan Cemalettin Kalaycı

https://doi.org/10.31199/hakisderg.386514

Abstract

1980 sonrası bilişim
teknolojileri başta olmak üzere birçok alanda yaşanan gelişmeler küreselleşme,
ekonomik özgürlük ve kurumsal kalite düzeyindeki artışları hızlandırmıştır.
Ekonomik özgürlüklerin, küreselleşme eğilimlerinin ve kurumsal kalitenin artması
ekonomik büyüme, enflasyon ve gelir dağılımı gibi temel ekonomik değişkenler
üzerinde önemli etkiler meydana getirmektedir. Bu etkiler ülkeden ülkeye
farklılık göstermekle birlikte, etkilerin yönü konusunda tartışmalar mevcuttur.
Özellikle küreselleşme, ekonomik özgürlükler ve kurumsal kalitedeki artışın
gelir dağılımına etkisi konusunda araştırmacılar arasında bir konsensüse
varılabilmiş değildir. Bununla birlikte birçok ülkede küreselleşme, ekonomik
özgürlük, kurumsal kalite, dışa açıklık ve demokrasi düzeyi artıkça başlangıçta
gelir eşitsizliğinin arttığı daha sonra ekonomik gelişmeyle birlikte gelir
eşitsizliğinin azalma trendine girdiği görülmektedir. Çalışmada; kurumsal
kalite, ekonomik özgürlükler, küreselleşme, dışa açıklık, demokrasi ve doğrudan
yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkileri 2000-2012
döneminde panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak MINT ülkeleri için test
edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ülkelerin dış dünya ile ticari, ekonomik,
politik ve sosyal entegrasyonundaki artışların, ülkelerin kurumsal
yapılarındaki iyileşmelerin ve ülkedeki ekonomik özgürlük düzeyindeki
artışların gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığını, buna karşılık demokrasi seviyesi ve
doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarındaki artışların gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini
artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır.  

Keywords

Gelir Eşitsizliği, Kurumsal Kalite, Panel Veri Analizi, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Panel Veri Analizi

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, ECONOMIC FREEDOMS AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A CASE OF THE MINT COUNTRIES

Abstract

After 1980s,
developments in many areas, especially in information technologies, have
accelerated the increase in globalization, economic freedom and institutional
quality. These increasing trends have important effects on basic economic
variables such as economic growth, inflation and income distribution. These
effects differ from country to country and there are debates about the
direction of the effects. There has been no consensus among researchers on the
impact of the increase in globalization, economic freedoms, and institutional
quality on income distribution. Nevertheless, if globalization, economic
freedom, institutional quality, openness and democracy levels increase in many
countries, at the beginning income inequality increase, but later income inequality
decrease after economic development. In this study; the effects of
institutional quality, economic freedoms, globalization, openness, democracy
and foreign direct investments on income inequality between 2000 and 2012 were
analyzed for the MINT countries using panel data analysis. The obtained results
demonstrated that the increase in the nations’ commercial, economic, political
and social integration with the outside world, improvements in the nations’
organizational structures and degree of economic freedom diminish income
inequality, whereas the rise in the level of democracy and foreign direct
investments increases income inequality.  

Keywords

Income Inequality, Institutional Quality, Panel Data Analysis, Economic Freedom, Panel Data Analysis

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