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HİNDUİZM'DE GANGA ARTİ RİTÜELİ

Year 2018, Issue: 40, 71 - 98, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.30623/harranilahiyatdergisi.471817

Abstract

        Arti
Hinduizm’de Tanrı için yapılan bir ışık sunusudur aynı zamanda pucanın bir
bölümüdür.
  O, Hinduların evlerinde ve
tapınaklarında günlük olarak yaptıkları en yaygın ibadetlerden biridir. Arti
esnasında yanmakta olan lamba Tanrıyı sembolize eden bir nesnenin önünde
dairesel olarak hareket ettirilir. Bu tür lambalar genellikle kilden veya
gümüş, bronz, pirinç ve bakır gibi metallerden yapılır. Bu lambalarda en çok
tercih edilen yağlar saflaştırılmış tereyağı ve kâfuru yağıdır. Tanrıça
Ganga’nın yeryüzündeki müşahhaslaşmış formu olarak kabul edilen Ganga nehri
kıyısında yapılan artiye Ganga arti denir. Son zamanlarda bazı önemli dini
merkezlerdeki özel organizasyonlar nedeniyle Ganga artinin ünü Hindistan
sınırları dışına taşmıştır. Arti sırasında sadece lamba değil başka malzemeler
de kullanılır. Hindu inançlarına göre bu malzemeler hem evrenin yaratıldığı beş
temel maddeyi, hem de evreni algılamamızı sağlayan beş duyuyu temsil ederler.
Ritüelin amacı ise, tıpkı diğer Hindu ritüellerinde olduğu gibi, insan zihnini
manevi uyanış için değişip dönüştürerek, Tanrı ile bağlantı sağlamak ve
kurtuluşa/mokşaya ulaşmaktır.
  

References

  • Agnihotri, V.K. ed., Indian History. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2010.
  • Alley, Kelly D. On the Banks of the Gaṅgā: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred River. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2002.
  • Alley, Kelly D. “Separate Domains: Hinduism, Politics, Environmental Pollution,” Hinduism and Ecology: the Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water. Edit. Christopher Chapple and Mary Evelyn Tucker. 355-387. Cambridge: Center for the Study of World Religions, 2000.
  • Bansal, Sunita Pant. Hindu Pilgrimage: A Journey Through the Holy Places of Hindus all over India. New Delhi: V&S Publishers, 2012.
  • Beck, Guy L. Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition. South Carolina: Univ of South Carolina Press, 2012.
  • Bhattacharyya, Sivaprasad. “Religious Practices of the Hindus”. The Religion of the Hindus. Edit. Kenneth W. Morgan. 154-206. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1987.
  • Betts, Vanessa- Victoria McCulloch. Indian Himalaya Footprint Handbook: Includes Corbett National Park. Darjeeling, Leh, Sikkim. Footprint Travel Guides, 2014.
  • Buck, Cecil Henry. Faiths, Fairs & Festivals of India. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink&Co, 1917.
  • Chakravarti, H. N. “Arartika (Arati)”. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Edit. K. L. Seshagiri Rao, Kapil Kapoor, 1: 355-356. New Delhi: India Heritage Research Foundation in association with Rupa &Co., 2010.
  • Chopra, Ravi. “Foreword: Ganga- Between Faith and Reality”. The Ganges River Basin: Status and Challenges in Water, Environment and Livelihoods. Ed. Luna Bharati, Bharat R. Sharma, Vladimir Smakhtin. Oxon ve New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Churchill, Pola. Shiva Mahavatar Babaji. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing, 2007.
  • Coleman, Octavia. How to Purify the Home, Mind, Body, & Spirit: Holistic Wellness Through Introspect. Lulu.com, 2014.
  • Cush, Denise- Robinson, Catherine, Michael York. Ed. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. London ve New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Davies, John. Hindu Philosophy: Bhagavad Gita or, The Sacred Lay. London: Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill, 1889.
  • De Bruyn, Pippa- Bain, Keith- Allardice, David- Shonar Joshi. Frommer's India. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing, 2010.
  • Desai, Madhuri. “Mosques, Temples, and Orientalists: Hegemonic Imaginations in Banaras”. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments. 15, No. 1 (Fall 2003): 23-37.
  • Deshpande, Sunita. Ed. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Marathi Literature. 1 New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2007.
  • Dogra, R. C.- Urmila Dogra. Hindu and Sikh Wedding Ceremonies: With Salient Features of Hindu and Sikh Rituals. New Delhi: Star Publictions, 2000.
  • Eck, Diana L. “India’s Tirthas: ‘Crossings’ in Sacred Geography” History of Religions. 20/4 (May 1981): 323-344.
  • Eck, Diana L. Banaras: City of Light. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982.
  • Eck, Diana L. “ Ganga: The Goddess Ganges in Hindu Sacred Geography”. Devi: Goddesses of India, Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Donna M. Wulff. 137-154. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998.
  • Eck, Diana L. India: A Sacred Geography. New York: Harmony Books, 2012.
  • Ede, Piers Moore. Kaleidoscope City: A Year in Varanasi. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.
  • Elgood, Heather. Hinduism and the Religious Art. London ve New York: Cassell, 2000.
  • Eliade, Mircea. Ebedi Dönüş Mitosu. Trc. Ümit Altuğ. İmge Yay., 1994.
  • Fuller, Christopher John. The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2004. Gibson, Lynne- Pat Wootten. Hinduism. Oxford: Heinemann, 2002.
  • Guenon, Rene. Studies in Hinduism. (İngilizceye trc. H. D. Fohr, C. Bethell). New York: Sophia Perennis, 2001.
  • Gupta, Om. Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. 4. Delhi: Isha Books, 2006.
  • Haberman, David L. River of Love in an Age of Pollution: The Yamuna River of Northern India. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Hawley, John Stratton- Vasudha Narayanan. “Introduction”. The Life of Hinduism. Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Hazen, Walter. Inside Hinduism. Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Educational Press, 2003.
  • Huyler, Stephen P. “The Experience: Approaching God”. The Life of Hinduism. Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Jacobs, Stephen. Hinduism Today. New York: Continuum, 2010.
  • Jones, Constance A.-James D. Ryan. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts on File, 2007. Kapur, Kamlesh. Hindu Dharma-A Teaching Guide. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation, 2013.
  • Kaya, Korhan. Hint Mitolojisi Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge, 1997.
  • Khandelwal, Meena. “The Cosmopolitan Guru: Spiritual Tourism and Ashrams in Rishikesh”. The Guru in South Asia: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Ed. Jacob Copeman, Aya Ikegame. 202-221. London ve New York: Routledge, 2012.
  • King, Anna S. “The Ganga: Waters of Devotion”. The Intimate Other: Love Divine in Indic Religions. Ed. Anna S. King, J. L. Brockington. 153-193. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2005.
  • Kinsley, David. Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1988.
  • Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003.
  • Krishna, Nanditha. Sacred Animals of India. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2010.
  • Kutlutürk, Cemil. “Significance of Varanasi in terms of Indian Religions”. International Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS). 10/2 (Mar.- Apr. 2013): 36-40.
  • Leeming, David. A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2001.
  • Legge, James. Trans. The Lî Khî, Sacred Books of The East series 27, ed. F. Max Müller (Oxford: Clarendon, 1885).
  • Lochtefeld, James G. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2002.
  • Lochtefeld, James. God's Gateway: Identity and Meaning in a Hindu Pilgrimage Place. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010
  • Lovelace, Ann- Joy White. Beliefs, Values and Traditions: Hinduism : Sanatan Dharma. Oxford: Heinemann, 1997.
  • MAHARAJ, Soamiji, GUPTA, Madan Gopal, The Quintessential Discourse Radhasoami, Agra: M.G. Publishers, 2001.
  • Mallet, Victor. River of Life River of Death, The Ganges and India’s Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • Mercier, Carrie. Hinduism for Today. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998
  • Moorcroft, Christine. Religious Education. Dunstable: Folens Limited, 2004.
  • Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1899.
  • Narayanan, Vedavalli. “Ganga”. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Ed. K.L. Seshagiri Rao, Kapil Kapoor. 4: 227-230. New Delhi: India Heritage Research Foundation in association with Rupa &Co., 2010.
  • Ridley, Sarah. Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1996. Rodrigues, Hillary Peter. Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess. New York: State University of New York Press, 2003.
  • Rosen, Steven. Essential Hinduism. Westport, CT., London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
  • Saraswati, Baidyanath. The Spectrum of the Sacred. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1984.
  • Sashital, Meera. Worship: Essentials For Puja. Mumbai: Leadstart Publishing PvtLtd, 2011.
  • Senker, Cath. Hinduism: Signs, Symbols, and Stories. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009.
  • Shah, Gaurav. “Ganga Aarti: A Case Study of an Initiative to Disseminate Message of Environmental Peace Building”. Peaceworks: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 4, no. 1 (2014): 101-116.
  • Shattuck, Cybelle. Hinduism. London: Calmann&King Ltd., 2003.
  • Shindler, William. Essay on Gay Tantra. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation, 2001.
  • Singh, Pramod- Singh, Dhruv Sen,- Uma Kant Shukla. “Ganga: The Arterial River of India”. Ed. Dhruv Sen Singh. The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects. Singapore: Springer, 2017.
  • Snoek, J.A.M. “Defining Rituals”. Theorizing Rituals: Issues, Topics, Approaches, Concepts. Ed. Jens Kreinath, Jan Snoek, Michael Stausberg. Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2006.
  • Swami Atmashraddhananda. Haz./Edit. Living Imprints of Indian Culture. Chennai: Lulu Press, Inc, 2014.
  • Swami Ram Charran. Garbhadhan Sanskar: Puja Handbook. Lulu.com, 2011.
  • Symmons, Dave. This is Hinduism. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 1998.
  • Thapar, Bindia- Bhalla, Suparna- Surat Kumar Manto. Introduction to Indian Architecture. Singapore: Periplus, 2004.
  • Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad- Jha, Makhan- Baidyanath Saraswati. The Scared Complex Of Kashi. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1979.
  • Warrier, Shrikala. Kamandalu: The Seven Sacred Rivers of Hinduism. Mumbai: Mayur University Press, 2014.
  • Werner, Karel. A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2005.
  • Wilkinson, Philip. Myths & Legends: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings. New York: DK Publishing, 2009.
  • Williams, George M. Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Santa Barbara; ABC-CLIO, 2003.
  • Wilson, Horace Hayman. A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms. London: W.H. Allen and Company, 1855. Winer, Lise. Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles. Quebec: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2009.
  • York, Michael. Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion. New York ve London: NYU Press, 2003.
  • Zoccatelli, Pierluigi. “Radhasoami Movements”. Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. Ed. Peter B. Clarke. 507-509. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
Year 2018, Issue: 40, 71 - 98, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.30623/harranilahiyatdergisi.471817

Abstract

References

  • Agnihotri, V.K. ed., Indian History. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2010.
  • Alley, Kelly D. On the Banks of the Gaṅgā: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred River. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2002.
  • Alley, Kelly D. “Separate Domains: Hinduism, Politics, Environmental Pollution,” Hinduism and Ecology: the Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water. Edit. Christopher Chapple and Mary Evelyn Tucker. 355-387. Cambridge: Center for the Study of World Religions, 2000.
  • Bansal, Sunita Pant. Hindu Pilgrimage: A Journey Through the Holy Places of Hindus all over India. New Delhi: V&S Publishers, 2012.
  • Beck, Guy L. Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition. South Carolina: Univ of South Carolina Press, 2012.
  • Bhattacharyya, Sivaprasad. “Religious Practices of the Hindus”. The Religion of the Hindus. Edit. Kenneth W. Morgan. 154-206. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1987.
  • Betts, Vanessa- Victoria McCulloch. Indian Himalaya Footprint Handbook: Includes Corbett National Park. Darjeeling, Leh, Sikkim. Footprint Travel Guides, 2014.
  • Buck, Cecil Henry. Faiths, Fairs & Festivals of India. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink&Co, 1917.
  • Chakravarti, H. N. “Arartika (Arati)”. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Edit. K. L. Seshagiri Rao, Kapil Kapoor, 1: 355-356. New Delhi: India Heritage Research Foundation in association with Rupa &Co., 2010.
  • Chopra, Ravi. “Foreword: Ganga- Between Faith and Reality”. The Ganges River Basin: Status and Challenges in Water, Environment and Livelihoods. Ed. Luna Bharati, Bharat R. Sharma, Vladimir Smakhtin. Oxon ve New York: Routledge, 2016.
  • Churchill, Pola. Shiva Mahavatar Babaji. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing, 2007.
  • Coleman, Octavia. How to Purify the Home, Mind, Body, & Spirit: Holistic Wellness Through Introspect. Lulu.com, 2014.
  • Cush, Denise- Robinson, Catherine, Michael York. Ed. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. London ve New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Davies, John. Hindu Philosophy: Bhagavad Gita or, The Sacred Lay. London: Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill, 1889.
  • De Bruyn, Pippa- Bain, Keith- Allardice, David- Shonar Joshi. Frommer's India. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing, 2010.
  • Desai, Madhuri. “Mosques, Temples, and Orientalists: Hegemonic Imaginations in Banaras”. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments. 15, No. 1 (Fall 2003): 23-37.
  • Deshpande, Sunita. Ed. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Marathi Literature. 1 New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2007.
  • Dogra, R. C.- Urmila Dogra. Hindu and Sikh Wedding Ceremonies: With Salient Features of Hindu and Sikh Rituals. New Delhi: Star Publictions, 2000.
  • Eck, Diana L. “India’s Tirthas: ‘Crossings’ in Sacred Geography” History of Religions. 20/4 (May 1981): 323-344.
  • Eck, Diana L. Banaras: City of Light. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982.
  • Eck, Diana L. “ Ganga: The Goddess Ganges in Hindu Sacred Geography”. Devi: Goddesses of India, Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Donna M. Wulff. 137-154. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998.
  • Eck, Diana L. India: A Sacred Geography. New York: Harmony Books, 2012.
  • Ede, Piers Moore. Kaleidoscope City: A Year in Varanasi. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.
  • Elgood, Heather. Hinduism and the Religious Art. London ve New York: Cassell, 2000.
  • Eliade, Mircea. Ebedi Dönüş Mitosu. Trc. Ümit Altuğ. İmge Yay., 1994.
  • Fuller, Christopher John. The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2004. Gibson, Lynne- Pat Wootten. Hinduism. Oxford: Heinemann, 2002.
  • Guenon, Rene. Studies in Hinduism. (İngilizceye trc. H. D. Fohr, C. Bethell). New York: Sophia Perennis, 2001.
  • Gupta, Om. Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. 4. Delhi: Isha Books, 2006.
  • Haberman, David L. River of Love in an Age of Pollution: The Yamuna River of Northern India. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Hawley, John Stratton- Vasudha Narayanan. “Introduction”. The Life of Hinduism. Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Hazen, Walter. Inside Hinduism. Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Educational Press, 2003.
  • Huyler, Stephen P. “The Experience: Approaching God”. The Life of Hinduism. Edit. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Jacobs, Stephen. Hinduism Today. New York: Continuum, 2010.
  • Jones, Constance A.-James D. Ryan. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts on File, 2007. Kapur, Kamlesh. Hindu Dharma-A Teaching Guide. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation, 2013.
  • Kaya, Korhan. Hint Mitolojisi Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge, 1997.
  • Khandelwal, Meena. “The Cosmopolitan Guru: Spiritual Tourism and Ashrams in Rishikesh”. The Guru in South Asia: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Ed. Jacob Copeman, Aya Ikegame. 202-221. London ve New York: Routledge, 2012.
  • King, Anna S. “The Ganga: Waters of Devotion”. The Intimate Other: Love Divine in Indic Religions. Ed. Anna S. King, J. L. Brockington. 153-193. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2005.
  • Kinsley, David. Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1988.
  • Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003.
  • Krishna, Nanditha. Sacred Animals of India. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2010.
  • Kutlutürk, Cemil. “Significance of Varanasi in terms of Indian Religions”. International Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS). 10/2 (Mar.- Apr. 2013): 36-40.
  • Leeming, David. A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2001.
  • Legge, James. Trans. The Lî Khî, Sacred Books of The East series 27, ed. F. Max Müller (Oxford: Clarendon, 1885).
  • Lochtefeld, James G. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2002.
  • Lochtefeld, James. God's Gateway: Identity and Meaning in a Hindu Pilgrimage Place. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010
  • Lovelace, Ann- Joy White. Beliefs, Values and Traditions: Hinduism : Sanatan Dharma. Oxford: Heinemann, 1997.
  • MAHARAJ, Soamiji, GUPTA, Madan Gopal, The Quintessential Discourse Radhasoami, Agra: M.G. Publishers, 2001.
  • Mallet, Victor. River of Life River of Death, The Ganges and India’s Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • Mercier, Carrie. Hinduism for Today. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998
  • Moorcroft, Christine. Religious Education. Dunstable: Folens Limited, 2004.
  • Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1899.
  • Narayanan, Vedavalli. “Ganga”. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Ed. K.L. Seshagiri Rao, Kapil Kapoor. 4: 227-230. New Delhi: India Heritage Research Foundation in association with Rupa &Co., 2010.
  • Ridley, Sarah. Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1996. Rodrigues, Hillary Peter. Ritual Worship of the Great Goddess. New York: State University of New York Press, 2003.
  • Rosen, Steven. Essential Hinduism. Westport, CT., London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
  • Saraswati, Baidyanath. The Spectrum of the Sacred. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1984.
  • Sashital, Meera. Worship: Essentials For Puja. Mumbai: Leadstart Publishing PvtLtd, 2011.
  • Senker, Cath. Hinduism: Signs, Symbols, and Stories. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009.
  • Shah, Gaurav. “Ganga Aarti: A Case Study of an Initiative to Disseminate Message of Environmental Peace Building”. Peaceworks: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 4, no. 1 (2014): 101-116.
  • Shattuck, Cybelle. Hinduism. London: Calmann&King Ltd., 2003.
  • Shindler, William. Essay on Gay Tantra. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation, 2001.
  • Singh, Pramod- Singh, Dhruv Sen,- Uma Kant Shukla. “Ganga: The Arterial River of India”. Ed. Dhruv Sen Singh. The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects. Singapore: Springer, 2017.
  • Snoek, J.A.M. “Defining Rituals”. Theorizing Rituals: Issues, Topics, Approaches, Concepts. Ed. Jens Kreinath, Jan Snoek, Michael Stausberg. Leiden ve Boston: Brill, 2006.
  • Swami Atmashraddhananda. Haz./Edit. Living Imprints of Indian Culture. Chennai: Lulu Press, Inc, 2014.
  • Swami Ram Charran. Garbhadhan Sanskar: Puja Handbook. Lulu.com, 2011.
  • Symmons, Dave. This is Hinduism. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 1998.
  • Thapar, Bindia- Bhalla, Suparna- Surat Kumar Manto. Introduction to Indian Architecture. Singapore: Periplus, 2004.
  • Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad- Jha, Makhan- Baidyanath Saraswati. The Scared Complex Of Kashi. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1979.
  • Warrier, Shrikala. Kamandalu: The Seven Sacred Rivers of Hinduism. Mumbai: Mayur University Press, 2014.
  • Werner, Karel. A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2005.
  • Wilkinson, Philip. Myths & Legends: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings. New York: DK Publishing, 2009.
  • Williams, George M. Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Santa Barbara; ABC-CLIO, 2003.
  • Wilson, Horace Hayman. A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms. London: W.H. Allen and Company, 1855. Winer, Lise. Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles. Quebec: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2009.
  • York, Michael. Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion. New York ve London: NYU Press, 2003.
  • Zoccatelli, Pierluigi. “Radhasoami Movements”. Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. Ed. Peter B. Clarke. 507-509. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
There are 74 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Article
Authors

Nermin Öztürk 0000-0003-2757-5798

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Acceptance Date December 10, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 40

Cite

ISNAD Öztürk, Nermin. “HİNDUİZM’DE GANGA ARTİ RİTÜELİ”. Harran Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 40 (December 2018), 71-98. https://doi.org/10.30623/harranilahiyatdergisi.471817.


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